Home > Articles

Like this article? We recommend The Entertaining Seventies: Videogames, VCRs, and Walkmen

The Entertaining Seventies: Videogames, VCRs, and Walkmen

The 1970s were an important decade for consumer technology. While the 1960s saw a lot of behind-the-scenes groundwork being laid, this work came to fruition in the 1970s with a slew of new and exciting consumer products.

Let's start by looking at audio technology. While vinyl continued to dominate, the era of the 8-track tape was short-lived, supplanted in mid-decade by the cassette tape. Developed in the early 1960s by Philips, the formally named Compact Cassette (see Figure 4) hit the consumer market in 1964. By the 1970s, with the introduction of Dolby noise reduction and chromium dioxide (CrO2) tape, audiocassettes were the dominant recording format, and an important delivery medium for prerecorded music.

Figure 4 A typical blank Compact Cassette. (Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons.)

The cassette format also helped usher in a new era of portable music, with the 1979 introduction of the Sony Walkman (see Figure 5). This nifty little device, along with accompanying headphones, let people listen to their favorite music on the run, without being tied to AM/FM broadcasts. The Walkman was a huge hit, ultimately selling more than 385 million units and inspiring the related "mix tape" phenomenon.

Figure 5 The original Sony Walkman, model TPS-L2. (By Anna Gerdén [Tekniska museet], licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons).

Speaking of portable, 1972 saw the introduction of the very first handheld calculator, Hewlett Packard's HP-35 (see Figure 6). This wonder-piece of technology could add, subtract, multiply, divide, and—not much more. It sold for $395, and everybody had to have one. Before the HP-35, students worldwide had to master the intricacies of the primitive slide rule; with the help of the HP-35 and subsequent portable calculators, generations of consumers forgot how to do math in their heads.

Figure 6 The Hewlett-Packard HP-35 handheld calculator. (By teclasorg, licensed under attribution via Wikimedia Commons.)

Back in the home, videogames were all the rage. The trend started with Magnavox's clunky Odyssey console, released in early 1972, but really took off with Atari's dedicated PONG game, released to the consumer market in 1975 (see Figure 7). PONG ruled the living room for two years, racking up sales in the millions.

Figure 7 This was PONG—two paddles and a square ball.

The dedicated videogame console was followed by programmable consoles that could play multiple games. The king of the programmable videogame was the Atari 2600 (see Figure 8), also known as the Video Computer System (VCS). Launched in October 1977, the Atari 2600 revolutionized the videogame industry, going on to sell more than 25 million units (and 120 million game cartridges) in its lifetime.

Figure 8 The venerable Atari 2600 videogame console.

The Atari 2600 wasn't the only programmable videogame console on the market—or even the first. The 1970s saw the release of several interesting videogame competitors, including the Fairchild Channel F, RCA Studio II, Bally Professional Arcade, and Magnavox Odyssey2. Few people remember any of these game systems today, although all of them had loyal followings at the time.

Videogames weren't the only new form of home entertainment in the 1970s. The first videocassette recorder (VCR), Sony's Betamax, arrived in 1975. The rival Video Home System (VHS) format, developed by JVC, was introduced in 1976 with RCA's SelectaVision units (see Figure 9). These early VCRs were all priced around $1,000; blank tapes sold for $20 or more, and prerecorded movies were pretty much unaffordable in the $80 range. This costly technology led to the development of the videotape rental market, with chains of video stores crisscrossing the country.

Figure 9 RCA's original SelectaVision VHS VCR.

In the world of computing, meanwhile, things were getting smaller. In 1973, Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) developed the Xerox Alto. This was a prototype—a proof of concept, really—of a general-purpose computer designed for individual use. It featured the tech world's first graphical user interface (GUI) and used a handheld mouse for input.

It took a while for Xerox's prototype to filter down into the consumer market. The personal computer as we know it was introduced to the consumer market in 1977 with the launch of three seminal models: the Commodore PET, the Radio Shack TRS-80, and the Apple II. These devices defined the personal computer, and together they sold millions of units. The Apple II (see Figure 10) also signaled the early success of one of tech's most influential companies, founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak.

Figure 10 A 1978 ad for the original Apple II, "the world's best-selling personal computer."

Beyond personal computers, the 1970s also saw the development of the C programming language by programmer Dennis Ritchie. Before C, programming was done in more rudimentary languages such as FORTRAN and COBOL. C made programming a lot easier, and it became one of the most widely used programming languages of all time.

InformIT Promotional Mailings & Special Offers

I would like to receive exclusive offers and hear about products from InformIT and its family of brands. I can unsubscribe at any time.

Overview


Pearson Education, Inc., 221 River Street, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, (Pearson) presents this site to provide information about products and services that can be purchased through this site.

This privacy notice provides an overview of our commitment to privacy and describes how we collect, protect, use and share personal information collected through this site. Please note that other Pearson websites and online products and services have their own separate privacy policies.

Collection and Use of Information


To conduct business and deliver products and services, Pearson collects and uses personal information in several ways in connection with this site, including:

Questions and Inquiries

For inquiries and questions, we collect the inquiry or question, together with name, contact details (email address, phone number and mailing address) and any other additional information voluntarily submitted to us through a Contact Us form or an email. We use this information to address the inquiry and respond to the question.

Online Store

For orders and purchases placed through our online store on this site, we collect order details, name, institution name and address (if applicable), email address, phone number, shipping and billing addresses, credit/debit card information, shipping options and any instructions. We use this information to complete transactions, fulfill orders, communicate with individuals placing orders or visiting the online store, and for related purposes.

Surveys

Pearson may offer opportunities to provide feedback or participate in surveys, including surveys evaluating Pearson products, services or sites. Participation is voluntary. Pearson collects information requested in the survey questions and uses the information to evaluate, support, maintain and improve products, services or sites, develop new products and services, conduct educational research and for other purposes specified in the survey.

Contests and Drawings

Occasionally, we may sponsor a contest or drawing. Participation is optional. Pearson collects name, contact information and other information specified on the entry form for the contest or drawing to conduct the contest or drawing. Pearson may collect additional personal information from the winners of a contest or drawing in order to award the prize and for tax reporting purposes, as required by law.

Newsletters

If you have elected to receive email newsletters or promotional mailings and special offers but want to unsubscribe, simply email information@informit.com.

Service Announcements

On rare occasions it is necessary to send out a strictly service related announcement. For instance, if our service is temporarily suspended for maintenance we might send users an email. Generally, users may not opt-out of these communications, though they can deactivate their account information. However, these communications are not promotional in nature.

Customer Service

We communicate with users on a regular basis to provide requested services and in regard to issues relating to their account we reply via email or phone in accordance with the users' wishes when a user submits their information through our Contact Us form.

Other Collection and Use of Information


Application and System Logs

Pearson automatically collects log data to help ensure the delivery, availability and security of this site. Log data may include technical information about how a user or visitor connected to this site, such as browser type, type of computer/device, operating system, internet service provider and IP address. We use this information for support purposes and to monitor the health of the site, identify problems, improve service, detect unauthorized access and fraudulent activity, prevent and respond to security incidents and appropriately scale computing resources.

Web Analytics

Pearson may use third party web trend analytical services, including Google Analytics, to collect visitor information, such as IP addresses, browser types, referring pages, pages visited and time spent on a particular site. While these analytical services collect and report information on an anonymous basis, they may use cookies to gather web trend information. The information gathered may enable Pearson (but not the third party web trend services) to link information with application and system log data. Pearson uses this information for system administration and to identify problems, improve service, detect unauthorized access and fraudulent activity, prevent and respond to security incidents, appropriately scale computing resources and otherwise support and deliver this site and its services.

Cookies and Related Technologies

This site uses cookies and similar technologies to personalize content, measure traffic patterns, control security, track use and access of information on this site, and provide interest-based messages and advertising. Users can manage and block the use of cookies through their browser. Disabling or blocking certain cookies may limit the functionality of this site.

Do Not Track

This site currently does not respond to Do Not Track signals.

Security


Pearson uses appropriate physical, administrative and technical security measures to protect personal information from unauthorized access, use and disclosure.

Children


This site is not directed to children under the age of 13.

Marketing


Pearson may send or direct marketing communications to users, provided that

  • Pearson will not use personal information collected or processed as a K-12 school service provider for the purpose of directed or targeted advertising.
  • Such marketing is consistent with applicable law and Pearson's legal obligations.
  • Pearson will not knowingly direct or send marketing communications to an individual who has expressed a preference not to receive marketing.
  • Where required by applicable law, express or implied consent to marketing exists and has not been withdrawn.

Pearson may provide personal information to a third party service provider on a restricted basis to provide marketing solely on behalf of Pearson or an affiliate or customer for whom Pearson is a service provider. Marketing preferences may be changed at any time.

Correcting/Updating Personal Information


If a user's personally identifiable information changes (such as your postal address or email address), we provide a way to correct or update that user's personal data provided to us. This can be done on the Account page. If a user no longer desires our service and desires to delete his or her account, please contact us at customer-service@informit.com and we will process the deletion of a user's account.

Choice/Opt-out


Users can always make an informed choice as to whether they should proceed with certain services offered by InformIT. If you choose to remove yourself from our mailing list(s) simply visit the following page and uncheck any communication you no longer want to receive: www.informit.com/u.aspx.

Sale of Personal Information


Pearson does not rent or sell personal information in exchange for any payment of money.

While Pearson does not sell personal information, as defined in Nevada law, Nevada residents may email a request for no sale of their personal information to NevadaDesignatedRequest@pearson.com.

Supplemental Privacy Statement for California Residents


California residents should read our Supplemental privacy statement for California residents in conjunction with this Privacy Notice. The Supplemental privacy statement for California residents explains Pearson's commitment to comply with California law and applies to personal information of California residents collected in connection with this site and the Services.

Sharing and Disclosure


Pearson may disclose personal information, as follows:

  • As required by law.
  • With the consent of the individual (or their parent, if the individual is a minor)
  • In response to a subpoena, court order or legal process, to the extent permitted or required by law
  • To protect the security and safety of individuals, data, assets and systems, consistent with applicable law
  • In connection the sale, joint venture or other transfer of some or all of its company or assets, subject to the provisions of this Privacy Notice
  • To investigate or address actual or suspected fraud or other illegal activities
  • To exercise its legal rights, including enforcement of the Terms of Use for this site or another contract
  • To affiliated Pearson companies and other companies and organizations who perform work for Pearson and are obligated to protect the privacy of personal information consistent with this Privacy Notice
  • To a school, organization, company or government agency, where Pearson collects or processes the personal information in a school setting or on behalf of such organization, company or government agency.

Links


This web site contains links to other sites. Please be aware that we are not responsible for the privacy practices of such other sites. We encourage our users to be aware when they leave our site and to read the privacy statements of each and every web site that collects Personal Information. This privacy statement applies solely to information collected by this web site.

Requests and Contact


Please contact us about this Privacy Notice or if you have any requests or questions relating to the privacy of your personal information.

Changes to this Privacy Notice


We may revise this Privacy Notice through an updated posting. We will identify the effective date of the revision in the posting. Often, updates are made to provide greater clarity or to comply with changes in regulatory requirements. If the updates involve material changes to the collection, protection, use or disclosure of Personal Information, Pearson will provide notice of the change through a conspicuous notice on this site or other appropriate way. Continued use of the site after the effective date of a posted revision evidences acceptance. Please contact us if you have questions or concerns about the Privacy Notice or any objection to any revisions.

Last Update: November 17, 2020