Home Networking: Understanding Coaxial Cable

Mar 5, 2004

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Home Networking Basis: Transmission Environments and Wired/Wireless Protocols

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3.5 Cable TV Channel Allocation Scheme

The in-house coaxial cable wiring carries many channels of TV signals. The conventional TV VHF channels, channels 2 to 13, occupy frequencies from 54 to 216 MHz with frequency gaps in between for FM broadcast stations. The off-the-air UHF channels, channels 14 to 69, occupy frequencies from 470 to 806 MHz. Table 3.4 shows frequency arrangement for off-the-air TV channels.

This TV channel frequency arrangement is regulated by Part 73 (Radio Broadcast Services) of FCC rules and regulations, which is labeled as CFR title 47 [1]. Channel 37, occupying 608 to 614 MHz, is reserved exclusively for the radio astronomy service. Many off-the-air digital TV channels have been allocated in the UHF frequency band for the analog-to-digital transition period. Detailed information, including location and channel numbers, can also be found in the recent Part 73 document.

Table 3.4. Numerical Designation of Off-the-Air Television Channels.

VHF Channel No.	Frequency Band (MHz)	UHF Channel No.	Frequency Band (MHz)	UHF Channel No.	Frequency Band (MHz)
2	54–60	14	470–476	38	614–620
3	60–66	15	476–482	39	620–626
4	66–72	16	482–488	40	626–632
5	76–82	17	488–494	41	632–638
6	82–88	18	494–500	42	638–644
7	174–180	19	500–506	43	644–650
8	180–186	20	506–512	44	650–656
9	186–192	21	512–518	45	656–662
10	192–198	22	518–524	46	662–668
11	198–204	23	524–530	47	668–674
12	204–210	24	530–536	48	674–680
13	210–216	25	536–542	49	680–686
		26	542–548	50	686–692
		27	548–554	51	692–698
		28	554–560	52	698–704
		29	560–566	53	704–710
		30	566–572	54	710–716
		31	572–578	55	716–722
		32	578–584	56	722–728
		33	584–590	57	728–734
		34	590–596	58	734–740
		35	596–602	59	740–746
		36	602–608	60	746–752
		37	608–614	61	752–758
				62	758–764
				63	764–770
				64	770–776
				65	776–782
				66	782–788
				67	788–794
				68	794–800
				69	800–806

Cable TV channels share the same frequency arrangement as off-the-air TV only for channels 2 through 13. Immediately above the frequency of channel 13, cable TV channels occupy a continuous frequency band from 210 up to 552 MHz for channel numbers of 23 to 78. Cable TV channels 14 to 22 occupy a frequency band from 120 to 174 MHz merging to the frequency band of conventional TV channel 7. There is no conflict with the FM broadcast service because cable TV signals are contained within coaxial cables. This channel allocation plan is set forth in the EIA's ''Cable Television Channel Identification Plan, EIA IS–132, May 1994'' (EIA IS–132) [2]. Table 3.5 shows this channel frequency arrangement. Other regulation for the cable TV industry is provided by Part 76 (Cable Television Service) of FCC rules and regulations which is labeled as CFR title 47 [3].

Above channel 78 starting at 552 MHz, 33 digital cable channels can be allocated for a frequency band of up to 750 MHz. Digital cable channels can be used for cable modem as well as digital TV services. It is expected that the video carrier of a cable TV channel should have a signal strength of around 0 dBµV at an impedance of 75 ohms.

Table 3.5. Numerical Designation of Cable Television Channels

Channel No.	Frequency (MHz)	Channel No.	Frequency (MHz)	Channel No.	Frequency (MHz)	Channel No.	Frequency (MHz)
2	54–60	14 (A)	120–126	37 (AA)	300–306	54	402–408
3	60–66	15 (B)	126–132	38 (BB)	306–312	55	408–414
4	66–72	16 (C)	132–138	39 (CC)	312–318	56	414–420
5	76–82	17 (D)	138–144	40 (DD)	318–324	57	420–426
6	82–88	18 (E)	144–150	41 (EE)	324–330	58	426–432
7	174–180	19 (F)	150–156	42 (FF)	330–336	59	432–438
8	180–186	20 (G)	156–162	43 (GG)	336–342	60	438–444
9	186–192	21 (H)	162–168	44 (HH)	342–348	61	444–450
10	192–198	22 (I)	168–174	45 (II)	348–354	62	450–456
11	198–204	23 (J)	216–222	46 (JJ)	354–360	63	456–462
12	204–210	24 (K)	222–228	47 (KK)	360–366	64	462–468
13	210–216	25 (L)	228–234	48 (LL)	366–372	65	468–474
		26 (M)	234–240	49 (MM)	372–378	66	474–480
		27 (N)	240–246	50 (NN)	378–384	67	480–486
		28 (O)	246–252	51 (OO)	384–390	68	486–492
		29 (P)	252–258	52 (PP)	390–396	69	492–498
		30 (Q)	258–264	53 (QQ)	396–402	70	498–504
		31 (R)	264–270			71	504–510
		32 (S)	270–276			72	510–516
		33 (T)	276–282			73	516–522
		34 (U)	282–288			74	522–528
		35 (V)	288–294			75	528–534
		36 (W)	294–300			76	534–540
						77	540–546
						78	546–552

For delivering cable modem services, a reverse channel is required to send user command or information back to the head end. The frequency band below the conventional TV channel 2 has been allocated for reverse channels. There is one convention called sub-split where the reverse channel has a frequency band of 5 to 30 MHz. There is another convention called expanded sub-split where the reverse channel frequency band is from 5 to 42 MHz. Reverse channels in the frequency range between 25 and 37 MHz have been proposed by the IEEE 802.14 study group for a cable modem standard. The recommended reverse channel signal strengths are in the range of 5 to 55 dBµV or to 58 dBµV for sub-split or expanded sub-split, respectively.

The majority of the frequency band on existing in-house wiring has been occupied by cable TV channel allocations. CEBus [4] has recommended a dual coaxial cable wiring system to carry local video signals as well as data traffic. In case a second coaxial cable is not available, the frequency band between the upper edge of reverse channel at 42 MHz and the lower edge of TV channel 2 at 54 MHz can be used to establish a coaxial cable–based home network. This coaxial cable–based home network should not interfere with either TV channels or reverse channels by minimizing out-of-band energy at 60 dB below these TV or reverse channel signals.

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