An Ethernet Primer

May 11, 2001

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Hardware

Ethernet hardware currently falls general into three big categories: 10Mbps Ethernet, 100Mbps Fast Ethernet, and 1000Mbps gigabit Ethernet.

NOTE

There are the legacy "thick" and "thin" coaxial 10Mbps Ethernet standards, but almost no one uses them anymore except to impress people with how antiquated stuff really was in the 1980s. There are even more esoteric forms, such as 10Broad36 10Mbps Ethernet over broadband cable and 802.3e 1Mbps Ethernet. Although you're not likely to run across 10Base5 outside of a museum or the ceiling of a really old building, you still might find active installations of 10Base2. Because it is so difficult to maintain in today's dynamic environments and doesn't support speeds greater than 10 Mbps, usually the most cost-effective thing to do is rip it out like a dandelion.

The most obvious difference among the three is the speed. All three Ethernet groups have specifications for transmitting over unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable, single-mode fiber (SMF), multimode fiber (MMF), and half- and full-duplex operating modes.

Table 1 Matrix of Ethernet Standards and Cabling Mediums

Common Name	Standard	Speed	Cabling Medium
10Base5	802.3	10Mbps	50-ohm 10mm coaxial
10Base2	802.3a	10Mbps	50-ohm 5mm coaxial RG58
10BaseT	802.3i	10Mbps	100-ohm Cat 3 UTP, two-pair
10BaseFL/10BaseFB	802.3j	10Mbps	850nm light over multimode fiber (62.5/125 micron)
100BaseTX	802.3u	100Mbps	100-ohm Cat 5 UTP, two-pair
100BaseFX	802.3u	100Mbps	1300nm light over multimode fiber (62.5/125 micron)
100BaseT4	802.3u	100 Mbps	100-ohm Cat 3 UTP, four-pair
100BaseT2	802.3y	100 Mbps	100-ohm Cat 3 UTP, two-pair
1000BaseSX	802.3z	1Gbps	850nm light over 62.5/125 multimode fiber
1000BaseLX	802.3z	1Gbps	1300nm light over 62.5/125 multimode fiber, or 10-micron single-mode fiber.
1000BaseCX	802.3z	1Gbps	Short-haul copper
1000BaseT	802.3ab	1Gbps	100-ohm Cat 5/Cat 5e UTP, four-pair

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