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- 1.1 Opinions, Products
- 1.2 Roadmap to the Book
- 1.3 Terminology
- 1.4 Notation
- 1.5 Cryptographically Protected Sessions
- 1.6 Active and Passive Attacks
- 1.7 Legal Issues
- 1.8 Some Network Basics
- 1.9 Names for Humans
- 1.10 Authentication and Authorization
- 1.11 Malware: Viruses, Worms, Trojan Horses
- 1.12 Security Gateway
- 1.13 Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks
- 1.14 NAT (Network Address Translation)
This chapter is from the book
This chapter is from the book
This chapter is from the book
This chapter is from the book
1.4 Notation
We use the symbol ⊕ (pronounced ex-or) for bitwise-exclusive-or. We use the symbol | for concatenation. We denote encryption with curly brackets followed by the key with which something was encrypted, as in {message}K, which means message is encrypted with K. We denote a signature with square brackets followed by the key, as in [message]Bob. Sometimes the key is a subscript, and sometimes not. There is no deep meaning to that. Honestly, it’s that sometimes we are using a key that has subscripts, such as KAlice, and the formatting tool we are using makes it very difficult to have a subscripted subscript.