Introduction to Network Security

By Charlie Kaufman, Radia Perlman, Ray Perlner, Mike Speciner
Oct 25, 2022

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This chapter is from the book 

Network Security: Private Communication in a Public World, 3rd Edition

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1.4 Notation

We use the symbol ⊕ (pronounced ex-or) for bitwise-exclusive-or. We use the symbol | for concatenation. We denote encryption with curly brackets followed by the key with which something was encrypted, as in {message}K, which means message is encrypted with K. We denote a signature with square brackets followed by the key, as in [message]_Bob. Sometimes the key is a subscript, and sometimes not. There is no deep meaning to that. Honestly, it’s that sometimes we are using a key that has subscripts, such as K_Alice, and the formatting tool we are using makes it very difficult to have a subscripted subscript.

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