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Upgrading and Repairing PCs, 22nd Edition
- By Scott Mueller
- Published Jul 7, 2015 by Que.
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- List Price: $47.99
- Includes EPUB, MOBI, and PDF
- About eBook Formats
This eBook includes the following formats, accessible from your Account page after purchase:
EPUB
The open industry format known for its reflowable content and usability on supported mobile devices.
MOBI
The eBook format compatible with the Amazon Kindle and Amazon Kindle applications.
PDF
The popular standard, used most often with the free Adobe® Reader® software.
This eBook requires no passwords or activation to read. We customize your eBook by discreetly watermarking it with your name, making it uniquely yours.
About
Features
- Beefed-up coverage of the latest hardware, plus ninety minutes of all-new Scott Mueller how-to videos on DVD
- Cutting-edge coverage of the latest processors, chipsets, motherboards, graphics cards, and more
- The de facto standard hardware guide for students - now better than ever!
Description
- Copyright 2016
- Dimensions: 7" x 9-1/8"
- Pages: 1184
- Edition: 22nd
- Book
- ISBN-10: 0-7897-5610-2
- ISBN-13: 978-0-7897-5610-7
DVD-ROM Includes 3 hours of new how-to video
For more than 25 years, Upgrading and Repairing PCs has been the world’s #1 guide to PC hardware: The single source for reliable information on how PCs work, troubleshooting and fixing problems, adding hardware, optimizing performance, and building new PCs. This 22nd edition offers beefed-up coverage of the newest hardware innovations and maintenance techniques, plus more than two hours of new video.
Scott Mueller delivers practical answers about PC processors, mother-boards, buses, BIOSes, memory, SSD and HDD storage, video, audio, networks, Internet connectivity, power, and much more. You’ll find the industry’s best coverage of diagnostics, testing, and repair—plus cutting-edge discussions of improving PC performance via overclocking and other techniques.
Mueller has taught thousands of professionals in person and millions more through his books and videos—nobody knows more about keeping PCs running perfectly. Whether you’re a professional technician, a small business owner trying to save money, or a home PC enthusiast, this is the only PC hardware book you need!
NEW IN THIS EDITION
- The newest processors, including Intel’s latest Core i Haswell processors and AMD’s Kaveri core processors.
- Everything you need to know about the latest GPU technology from NVIDIA and AMD, including developments in OpenGL, DirectX, and Mantle.
- New firmware innovations like the InSyde BIOS, Back to BIOS buttons, and all the updated settings available for the newest processors and chipsets.
- The latest in updated home networking standards, from blazing fast 802.11ac Wi-Fi to HomeGrid and G.hn powerline networking.
- Ever larger storage, thanks to new technologies like helium-filled hard disks, shingled magnetic recording, and Cfast and XQD for flash memory.
- Emerging interfaces such as mSATA, USB 3.1, and M.2
- Updated coverage of building PCs from scratch—from choosing and assembling hardware through BIOS setup and troubleshooting
ON THE DVD
Get 3 hours of up-to-the minute, studio-quality how-to videos—all playable on your DVD player or computer! In this edition, Scott Mueller delivers a complete seminar on PC troubleshooting, teaching you how to identify and resolve an array of common and not-so-common PC problems.
From detailed explanations on all the tools that should be a basic part of any PC toolkit, to all the critical rules you should follow to safely operate on your PC’s internal components, in these videos Scott Mueller ensures you are equipped with everything you need to know to successfully resolve your PC’s problems.
From there, Scott takes you through a complete disassembly of an All-in-One (AiO) system, showing just what you can do to keep these specialized systems running smoothly. Finally, there is a detailed look at today’s ultra-fast solid state disk drives (SSD) and the benefits they bring to modern systems.
This DVD also contains the complete 19th and 20th editions of this book in printable form, plus extensive technical reference material, a comprehensive glossary, and more!
“…continually revised and updated to reflect the ever-changing PC landscape. A resource from my PC repair days, Scott Mueller’s tome is one of the books that has stayed on my bookshelf
throughout the years.”
—Adam Overa, Managing Editor, Tom’s Hardware
Sample Content
Excerpts
Upgrading and Repairing PCs Tip #1: Know Your PC's System Components
Upgrading and Repairing PCs Tip #10: Comparing Flash Memory Devices: Which Is Best for Your Needs?
Upgrading and Repairing PCs Tip #11: Why Won't My CD or DVD Play? Troubleshooting Optical Drives
Upgrading and Repairing PCs Tip #12: How 3D Accelerators Work
Upgrading and Repairing PCs Tip #13: Troubleshooting PC Audio Problems
Upgrading and Repairing PCs Tip #14: USB Security Risks
Upgrading and Repairing PCs Tip #15: The Best Ways to Clean Your Computer Keyboard
Upgrading and Repairing PCs Tip #16: High-Speed Internet Access: Which Type is Right for You?
Upgrading and Repairing PCs Tip #17: Internet Connection Security Basics
Upgrading and Repairing PCs Tip #18: Types of Networks
Upgrading and Repairing PCs Tip #19: Wireless Network Security Basics
Upgrading and Repairing PCs Tip #2: Comparing Processor Performance
Upgrading and Repairing PCs Tip #20: Power Cycling: When to Turn Your Computer Off
Upgrading and Repairing PCs Tip #22: Building Your Own Computer: Start By Deciding What to Build
Upgrading and Repairing PCs Tip #24: A Checklist of PC Maintenance Hand Tools
Upgrading and Repairing PCs Tip #25: Top 12 PC Troubleshooting Problems and Solutions
Upgrading and Repairing PCs Tip #3: How L1 Cache Works on Your PC
Upgrading and Repairing PCs Tip #4: Motherboard Selection Criteria (Knowing What to Look For)
Upgrading and Repairing PCs Tip #5: Upgrading a Flash BIOS
Upgrading and Repairing PCs Tip #6: What Is ROM?
Upgrading and Repairing PCs Tip #7: An Overview of the Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) Interface
Upgrading and Repairing PCs Tip #8: How Magnetic Fields are Used to Store Data on Your Computer
Upgrading and Repairing PCs Tip #9: What Is a Hard Disk Drive and What Does It Do?
Sample Pages
Download the sample pages (includes Chapter 6 and Index)
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Chapter 1 Development of the PC 5
Computer History: Before Personal Computers 5
Timeline 5
Electronic Computers 10
Modern Computers 11
From Tubes to Transistors 11
Integrated Circuits 14
History of the PC 15
Birth of the Personal Computer 15
The IBM Personal Computer 16
The PC Industry 34 Years Later 17
Chapter 2 PC Components, Features, and System Design 21
What Is a PC? 21
Who Controls PC Software? 23
Who Controls PC Hardware? 26
White-Box Systems 28
System Types 29
System Components 30
Chapter 3 Processor Types and Specifications 33
Microprocessor History 33
The First Microprocessor 33
PC Processor Evolution 36
16-Bit to 64-Bit Architecture Evolution 39
Processor Specifications 40
Data I/O Bus 48
Address Bus 48
Internal Registers (Internal Data Bus) 49
Processor Modes 49
Processor Benchmarks 54
Comparing Processor Performance 55
Cache Memory 58
Processor Features 65
System Management Mode 65
Superscalar Execution 66
MMX Technology 67
Dynamic Execution 69
Dual Independent Bus Architecture 70
HT Technology (Hyperthreading) 70
Multicore Technology 72
Hardware-Assisted Virtualization Support 73
Processor Manufacturing 74
PGA Chip Packaging 78
Single Edge Contact and Single Edge Processor Packaging 80
Processor Socket and Slot Types 81
Socket LGA775 84
Socket LGA1156 85
Socket LGA1366 86
Socket LGA1155 87
Socket LGA2011 87
Socket LGA1150 89
Socket AM2/AM2+/AM3/AM3+ 89
Socket F (1207FX) 91
Socket FM1 92
Socket FM2 92
Socket FM2+ 92
Socket AM1 (Socket FS1B) 92
CPU Operating Voltages 93
Math Coprocessors (Floating-Point Units) 94
Processor Bugs and Steppings 94
Processor Code Names 95
P1 (086) Processors 95
P2 (286) Processors 97
P3 (386) Processors 98
P4 (486) Processors 99
P5 (586) Processors 100
AMD-K5 102
Intel P6 (686) Processors 103
Pentium Pro Processors 103
Pentium II Processors 104
Pentium III 106
Celeron 107
Intel Pentium 4 and Extreme Edition Processors 108
Intel Pentium D and Pentium Extreme Edition 110
Intel Core Processors 112
Intel Core 2 Family 112
Intel (Nehalem) Core i Processors 116
AMD K6 Processors 121
AMD K7 Processors 122
AMD Athlon 122
AMD Duron 123
AMD Athlon XP 124
Athlon MP 124
AMD K8 Processors 124
AMD Athlon 64 and 64 FX 124
AMD Sempron 128
AMD Athlon X2, 64 X2, and 64 FX 128
AMD K10 Processors (Phenom, Phenom II, Athlon II, Athlon X2, Sempron) 130
AMD Bulldozer, Piledriver, Steamroller, and Excavator FX Processors 134
AMD Fusion/HSA APUs 137
Processor Upgrades 139
Overclocking 142
Quartz Crystals 142
Modern PC Clocks 145
Overclocking Tips 147
Unlocking Cores 148
Bus Speeds and Multipliers 149
Processor Cooling 152
Heatsinks 152
Liquid Cooling 158
Thermally Advantaged Chassis 159
Processor Troubleshooting Techniques 161
Chapter 4 Motherboards and Buses 165
Motherboard Form Factors 165
Obsolete Form Factors 166
ATX and Other Modern Form Factors 177
Processor Sockets/Slots 189
Chipsets 192
Chipset Evolution 193
Intel Chipsets 195
Intel Chipset Model Numbers 195
Intel Integrated Graphics Architecture 197
AMD Integrated Graphics Architecture 197
Traditional North/southbridge Architecture 197
Hub Architecture 199
HyperTransport and Other Processor/Chipset Interconnects 201
Intel’s Early 386/486 Chipsets 201
Fifth-Generation (P5 Pentium Class) Chipsets 202
Sixth-Generation (P6 Pentium Pro/II/III Class) Chipsets 203
Seventh/Eighth-Generation (Pentium 4/D, Core2, and Core i) Chipsets 207
Intel 915 Family 215
Intel 925X Family 215
Intel 945 Express Family 216
Intel 955X and 975X Family 217
Intel 96x Series 217
Intel 3x and 4x Series Chipsets 218
Intel 5x Series Chipsets 220
Intel 6x Series Chipsets 224
Intel 7x Series Chipsets 225
Intel 8x Series Chipsets 227
Intel 9x Series Chipsets 229
Third-Party Chipsets for Intel Processors 231
SiS Chipsets 231
ULi Electronics Chipsets 231
ATI Chipsets 231
VIA Chipsets 232
NVIDIA Chipsets for Intel Processors 232
Chipsets for AMD Processors 232
AMD Athlon Chipsets 233
AMD Athlon 64 Chipsets 234
AMD 8000 (8151) Chipset 234
AMD (Formerly ATI) Chipsets for Athlon 64, Sempron, Phenom 235
Third-Party Chipsets for AMD Processors 242
VIA Chipsets 242
SiS Chipsets 242
NVIDIA Chipsets 243
Super I/O Chips 244
Motherboard Connectors 244
System Bus Types, Functions, and Features 255
The Processor Bus (FSB) 261
Types of I/O Buses 262
The ISA Bus 262
The Micro Channel Bus 262
The EISA Bus 263
Local Buses (VESA, PCI, PCI Express, AGP) 263
System Resources 270
Interrupts 271
DMA Channels 276
I/O Port Addresses 276
Motherboard Selection Criteria (Knowing What to Look For) 278
Chipset Documentation 279
Chapter 5 BIOS 281
BIOS Basics 281
Motherboard ROM BIOS 285
ROM Hardware 285
ROM Shadowing 287
ROM Chip Types 287
ROM BIOS Manufacturers 291
BIOS Hardware/Software 292
Upgrading the BIOS 292
Where to Get Your BIOS Update 293
Determining Your BIOS Version 293
Backing Up Your BIOS 293
Backing Up Your BIOS Setup (CMOS RAM) Settings 294
Upgrading a Flash BIOS 295
Motherboard CMOS RAM Addresses 303
Preboot Environment 305
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface 307
UEFI and BIOS Limitations 307
UEFI Support 309
BIOS Setup 309
Running or Accessing the BIOS Setup Program 310
BIOS Setup Menus 310
Maintenance Menu 311
Main Menu 313
Exit Menu 345
AMD-Specific BIOS Settings 346
PnP BIOS 347
PnP Device IDs 347
ACPI 347
BIOS/MBR Error Messages 348
BIOS Boot Error Messages 349
MBR Boot Error Messages 352
Chapter 6 Memory 355
Memory Basics 355
ROM 357
DRAM 357
Cache Memory: SRAM 359
Memory Standards 361
Speed and Performance 362
Fast Page Mode DRAM 365
Extended Data Out RAM 366
SDRAM 367
DDR SDRAM 368
DDR2 SDRAM 370
DDR3 SDRAM 372
DDR4 SDRAM 374
RDRAM 375
Memory Modules 375
Registered Modules 382
SDR DIMM Details 383
DDR DIMM Details 384
DDR2 DIMM Details 384
DDR3 DIMM Details 384
DDR4 DIMM Details 384
Determining a Memory Module’s Size and Features 385
Memory Banks 387
Memory Module Speed 388
Parity and ECC 388
Parity Checking 390
How Parity Checking Works 391
ECC 391
RAM Upgrades 392
Upgrade Options and Strategies 393
Purchasing Memory 395
Replacing Modules with Higher-Capacity Versions 397
Installing Memory Modules 397
Troubleshooting Memory 399
Memory Defect Isolation Procedures 403
The System Logical Memory Layout 405
Chapter 7 The ATA/IDE Interface 409
An Overview of the IDE Interface 409
Precursors to IDE 409
IDE Origins 410
Origins of ATA 411
ATA Standards 412
ATA-1 (ATA Interface for Disk Drives) 414
ATA-2 (ATA Interface with Extensions-2) 415
ATA-3 (ATA Interface-3) 415
ATA/ATAPI-4 (ATA with Packet Interface Extension-4) 416
ATA/ATAPI-5 (ATA with Packet Interface-5) 417
ATA/ATAPI-6 (ATA with Packet Interface-6) 417
ATA/ATAPI-7 (ATA with Packet Interface-7) 418
ATA/ATAPI-8 419
PATA 419
PATA I/O Connector 419
PATA I/O Cable 423
Longer or Rounded Cables 425
PATA Signals 425
PATA Dual-Drive Configurations 426
PATA PIO Transfer Modes 429
PATA DMA Transfer Modes 429
SATA 431
SATA Standards and Performance 431
SATA Express 432
SATA Cables and Connectors 434
eSATA 439
SATA Configuration 443
Advanced Host Controller Interface 444
Non-Volatile Memory Express 445
SATA Transfer Modes 445
ATA Features 446
ATA Commands 446
ATA Security Mode 447
Host Protected Area 448
ATAPI 449
ATA Drive Capacity Limitations 450
Prefixes for Decimal and Binary Multiples 451
BIOS Limitations 451
CHS Versus LBA 452
CHS/LBA and LBA/CHS Conversions 453
BIOS Commands Versus ATA Commands 454
CHS Limitations (the 528MB Barrier) 455
CHS Translation (Breaking the 528MB Barrier) 457
The 2.1GB and 4.2GB Barriers 459
LBA-Assist Translation 462
The 8.4GB Barrier 465
The 137GB Barrier and Beyond 466
Operating System and Other Software Limitations 468
GPT and the 2.2TB Barrier 470
PATA/SATA RAID 471
Software RAID 474
Chapter 8 Magnetic Storage 475
Magnetic Storage 475
History of Magnetic Storage 475
How Magnetic Fields Are Used to Store Data 476
Read/Write Head Designs 479
Ferrite 480
Metal-In-Gap 480
Thin-Film 480
Magneto-Resistive Heads 481
Giant Magneto-Resistive Heads 482
Head Sliders 483
Data-Encoding Schemes 486
Frequency Modulation Encoding 487
Modified FM Encoding 487
Run Length Limited Encoding 488
Encoding Scheme Comparisons 489
Partial-Response, Maximum-Likelihood Decoders 490
Capacity Measurements 491
Areal Density 492
Perpendicular Magnetic Recording 495
Helium-Filled Drives 497
Shingled Magnetic Recording 497
Definition of a Hard Disk 498
Hard Drive Advancements 499
Form Factors 500
5 1/4-Inch Drive 502
3 1/2-Inch Drive 502
2 1/2-Inch Drive 502
1.8-Inch Drive 503
1-Inch Drives 503
HDD Operation 503
Data Recovery Options 505
The Ultimate HDD Analogy 506
Tracks and Sectors 507
ECC 510
Disk Formatting 515
Basic HDD Components 521
Hard Disk Platters (Disks) 522
Recording Media 522
Read/Write Heads 524
Head Actuator Mechanisms 526
Air Filters 532
Hard Disk Temperature Acclimation 534
Spindle Motors 534
Logic Boards 535
Cables and Connectors 536
Configuration Items 536
Hard Disk Features 536
Capacity 537
Performance 538
Reliability 543
Chapter 9 Flash and Removable Storage 547
Alternative Storage Devices 547
Flash Memory Devices 547
CompactFlash, XQD, and CFast 549
SmartMedia 551
MultiMediaCard 551
SecureDigital 552
Sony Memory Stick 552
ATA Flash PC Card 553
Card-Picture Card 553
Solid-State Drives 553
Virtual SSD (RAMdisk) 554
Flash-Based SSDs 554
USB Flash Drives 558
Comparing Flash Memory Devices 559
SD Cards Speed Class and UHS Speed Class Markings 561
File Systems Used by Flash Memory 563
Flash Card Readers 563
Card Readers 563
ReadyBoost Support 564
Cloud-Based Storage 565
Floppy Disk Drives 566
Tape Drives 567
Chapter 10 Optical Storage 569
Optical Technology 569
CD-Based Optical Technology 570
CDs: A Brief History 570
CD Construction and Technology 571
Mass-Producing CDs 571
Writable CDs 583
MultiRead Specifications 590
MultiPlay and MultiAudio 592
DVD 592
DVD History 593
DVD Construction and Technology 593
DVD Tracks and Sectors 595
Handling DVD Errors 599
DVD Capacity (Sides and Layers) 601
Data Encoding on the DVD Disc 604
Recordable DVD Standards 604
Multiformat Rewritable DVD Drives 612
BD 613
HD-DVD 616
Optical Disc Formats 616
CD Formats 616
DVD Formats and Standards 625
Optical Disc File Systems 628
Ripping/Copying Discs 634
”For Music Use Only” CD-R/RW Discs 635
CD Copy Protection 635
CD Digital Rights Management 636
DVD and Blu-ray Copy Protection 636
Optical Drive Performance Specifications 640
CD Data Transfer Rate 640
CD Drive Speed 640
DVD Drive Speed 641
BD Drive Speed 644
Access Time 645
Buffer/Cache 646
Direct Memory Access and Ultra-DMA 646
Interface 646
Loading Mechanism 647
Other Drive Features 648
How to Reliably Record Optical Discs 648
Bootable Optical Discs—El Torito 649
LightScribe and LabelFlash 649
Troubleshooting Optical Drives 649
Caring for Optical Media 653
Updating the Firmware in an Optical Drive 654
Chapter 11 Video Hardware 657
Display Adapters and Monitors 657
Video Display Adapters 658
Video Adapter Types 658
Integrated Video/Motherboard Chipsets 659
CPUs with Integrated Video 663
Intel Processors with Integrated Graphics 664
AMD Desktop APUs 667
Video Adapter Components 671
Identifying the Video and System Chipsets 673
Video RAM 674
The DAC 678
Video Display Interfaces 678
The System Interface 678
The Display Interface 679
TV Display Interfaces 695
3D Graphics Accelerators 696
How 3D Accelerators Work 697
APIs 700
Dual-GPU Scene Rendering 704
Monitors 707
Display Specifications 707
LCD and LED Technology 716
Touchscreens 719
Plasma Display Technology 720
LCD and DLP Projectors 721
Using Multiple Monitors 722
Dualview 722
Homogeneous Adapters 723
Heterogeneous Adapters 723
Choosing the Best Display Hardware for a Particular Task 723
Video Troubleshooting and Maintenance 724
Troubleshooting Video Cards and Drivers 725
Video Drivers 727
Maintaining Monitors 728
Testing Monitors 728
Adjusting Monitors 729
Bad Pixels 730
Troubleshooting Monitors 730
Repairing Monitors 731
Chapter 12 Audio Hardware 733
Audio Hardware Concepts and Terms 734
The Nature of Sound 734
Evaluating the Quality of Your Audio Hardware 734
Sampling 735
Early PC Sound Cards 736
Limitations of Sound Blaster Pro Compatibility 736
Microsoft Windows and Audio Support 736
DirectX and Audio Support Hardware 737
Core Audio APIs for Windows 737
3D Gaming Audio Standards 738
Legacy Audio Support Through Virtualization 740
Audio Hardware Features 740
Basic Connectors 740
Audio Signal Processing Methods 743
Advanced Audio Features 743
Volume Control 745
MIDI Support Features 745
Data Compression 746
Sound Drivers 747
Sound Cards for Sound Producers 748
Motherboard Chipsets with Integrated Audio 748
Intel “Azalia” HD Audio 749
Troubleshooting PC Audio Problems 749
Sound Card and Onboard Audio Problems 749
Speakers 753
Speaker Selection Criteria 753
Theater and Surround Sound Considerations 754
Microphones 755
Chapter 13 External I/O Interfaces 757
Introduction to Input/Output Ports 757
Serial Versus Parallel 757
Universal Serial Bus 758
IEEE 1394 (FireWire or i.LINK) 775
Hot-Plugging (and Unplugging) 779
Thunderbolt Technology 782
Low-Speed External Connections 784
Serial Ports 784
Parallel Ports 789
Chapter 14 Input Devices 795
Keyboards 795
Enhanced 101-Key Keyboard 795
103/104-Key Windows Keyboard 796
Keyboard Technology 798
Keyswitch Design 798
The Keyboard Interface 804
Typematic Functions 805
Keyboard Scan Codes 806
International Keyboard Layouts 807
Keyboard/Mouse Interface Connectors 808
USB Keyboards 810
Keyboards with Special Features 811
Keyboard Troubleshooting and Repair 811
Cleaning a Keyboard 812
Keyboard Recommendations 813
Pointing Devices 814
Mouse Sensitivity 815
Ball-Type Mice 815
Optical Mice 815
Pointing Device Interface Types 817
Scroll Wheels 819
Mouse Troubleshooting 821
Cleaning Your Mouse 821
Alternative Pointing Devices 821
Touchscreen Technology 826
Wireless Input Devices 827
Power Management Features of Wireless Input Devices 828
Supporting Multiple Devices with a Single Transceiver 829
Troubleshooting Wireless Input Devices 829
Chapter 15 Internet Connectivity 831
Internet Connectivity Trends 831
Broadband Internet Access Types 832
Cable Internet 832
Digital Subscriber Line 836
Wireless Broadband 840
Cellular Broadband 3G and 4G Services 840
Satellite Broadband 841
ISDN 844
Leased Lines 845
Comparing High-Speed Internet Access 846
Dial-Up Modems 847
Internet Connection Security 848
Having a Backup Plan in Case of Service Interruptions 849
Sharing Your Internet Connection 850
Routers for Internet Sharing 850
Modem/Router Status LEDs 851
Chapter 16 Local Area Networking 853
Defining a Network 853
Types of Networks 854
Requirements for a Network 855
Client/Server Versus Peer Networks 855
Client/Server Networks 856
Peer-to-Peer Networks 857
Comparing Client/Server and Peer-to-Peer Networks 857
Network Architecture Overview 858
Wired Ethernet 860
Wireless Ethernet 862
Bluetooth 868
Hardware Elements of Your Network 869
NICs for Wired Ethernet Networks 869
Network Cables for Wired Ethernet 871
Wired Network Topologies 880
Switches for Ethernet Networks 883
Wireless Ethernet Hardware 887
Network Protocols 892
IP and TCP/IP 892
IPX and NetBEUI 893
Other Home Networking Solutions 894
HomePNA 894
HomeGrid Forum and G.hn Networking 895
Power Line Networking 895
Putting Your Network Together 897
Network Adapters 898
Cables and Connections Between Computers 899
Switch/Access Point 899
Chapter 17 Power Supplies 903
The Power Supply 903
Primary Function and Operation 903
Voltage Rails 904
The Power Good Signal 906
Power Supply Form Factors 907
Modern Form Factors 910
Power Switches 925
ATX and Newer 925
PC/XT/AT and LPX Power Switches 927
Motherboard Power Connectors 928
AT/LPX Power Supply Connectors 929
ATX and ATX12V Motherboard Power Connectors 931
Backward and Forward Compatibility 944
Dell Proprietary (Nonstandard) ATX Design 946
Additional Power Connectors 946
Peripheral Power Connectors 946
Floppy (Berg) Power Connectors 947
Serial ATA Power Connectors 948
PCI Express Auxiliary Graphics Power Connectors 949
Power Supply Specifications 953
Power Supply Loading 953
Power Supply Ratings 955
Other Power Supply Specifications 956
Power Factor Correction 958
SLI-Ready and CrossFire/CrossFireX Certifications 960
Safety Certifications 960
Power-Use Calculations 961
Power Savings 963
80 Plus 963
ENERGY STAR 965
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface 966
Power Cycling 968
Power Supply Troubleshooting 972
Overloaded Power Supplies 973
Inadequate Cooling 973
Using Digital Multimeters 974
Specialized Test Equipment 977
Power Supply Recommendations 980
Modular Cables 981
Sources for Replacement Power Supplies 982
Power-Protection Systems 982
Surge Suppressors (Protectors) 984
Network and Phone Line Surge Protectors 984
Line Conditioners 985
Backup Power 985
Real-Time Clock/Nonvolatile RAM (CMOS RAM) Batteries 988
Modern CMOS Batteries 989
Obsolete or Unique CMOS Batteries 990
CMOS Battery Troubleshooting 991
Chapter 18 Building or Upgrading Systems 993
System Components 993
Before You Start: How to Decide What to Build 995
Case and Power Supply 997
Processor 998
Motherboard 999
Memory 1001
I/O Ports 1001
Hard Disk/Solid-State Drives 1003
Removable Storage 1003
Input Devices 1004
Video Card and Display 1004
Audio Hardware 1005
Accessories 1005
Hardware and Software Resources 1006
System Assembly and Disassembly 1007
Assembly Preparation 1007
Installing the CPU and Heatsink 1011
Installing Memory Modules 1017
Mounting the New Motherboard in the Case 1018
Preparing a Modular Power Supply 1023
Connecting the Power Supply 1023
Connecting I/O and Other Cables to the Motherboard 1026
Installing the Drives 1027
Installing a Video Card 1031
Installing Additional Expansion Cards 1033
Replacing the Cover and Connecting External Cables 1033
System Startup 1033
Installing the OS 1035
Troubleshooting New Installations 1037
Chapter 19 PC Diagnostics, Testing, and Maintenance 1039
PC Diagnostics 1039
Diagnostics Software 1039
The POST 1040
Insyde BIOS Diagnostic and Beep Codes 1053
Peripheral Diagnostics 1053
Operating System Diagnostics 1053
Commercial Diagnostics Software 1054
Free/User-Supported Diagnostics 1055
The Boot Process 1055
The Hardware Boot Process: Operating System Independent 1056
The DOS Boot Process 1061
The Windows 9x/Me Boot Process 1061
Windows 2000/XP Startup 1061
Windows Vista/7 Startup 1062
Windows 8.1/10 Startup 1063
PC Maintenance Tools 1063
Hand Tools 1064
Safety 1068
Test Equipment 1069
Special Tools for the Enthusiast 1074
Preventive Maintenance 1075
Active Preventive Maintenance Procedures 1076
Passive Preventive Maintenance Procedures 1081
Troubleshooting Tips and Techniques 1085
Repair or Replace? 1086
Basic Troubleshooting Steps 1086
Troubleshooting by Replacing Parts 1087
Troubleshooting by the Bootstrap Approach 1087
Problems During the POST 1089
Problems Running Software 1089
Problems with Adapter Cards 1089
Top Troubleshooting Problems 1090
9780789756107, TOC, 6/8/2015
