Oracle Cloud Infrastructure - A Guide to Building Cloud Native Applications

Description

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure: A Guide to Building Cloud Native Applications

Cloud native development is a modern approach to designing, building, deploying, and managing applications. This approach takes advantage of the benefits of utility computing from providers, such as Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI), and emphasizes automation, elasticity, and resilience.

OCI is a next-generation cloud designed to run any application faster and more securely for less. It includes the tools used to build new cloud native applications and to run existing enterprise applications without rearchitecting them.

Whether you are new to the cloud or just new to OCI, this book provides an overview of the OCI services needed to build cloud native applications. You will learn

• OCI concepts and terminology
• How to manage Infrastructure as Code using modern tools and platforms
• OCIs breadth of cloud native services
• How to operate the managed Kubernetes service (Container Engine for Kubernetes) at scale
• How to configure a cluster for advanced use cases, and use specialized hardware capabilities
• How to use cloud native application deployment platforms and observability tools
• How to secure applications, data, and the underlying infrastructure using open-source and OCI native security tools and processes

The culmination of the book is an open-source sample application composed of microservices that incorporates the tools and concepts shared throughout the book and is available on GitHub.

Sample Content

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction to Oracle Cloud
Infrastructure 1
Realms, Regions, and Availability
Domains 2
Tenancies and Compartments 4
Controlling Access to Resources 5
Cloud Guard and Security Zones 10
Service Limits and Cost Management 11
Getting Started with Your Tenancy 14
Setting Up Users and Groups 14
Setting Up API Keys and Auth Tokens 15
Planning How Your Teams Will Use OCI 16
Summary 18
References 18
Chapter 2 Infrastructure Automation and Management 19
One Set of APIs, Different Ways to Call Them 19
A Quick Terraform Primer 20
A Basic Introduction to the Terraform Language 23
Terraform State Tracking 25
The OCI Terraform Provider 26
Setting Up the OCI Terraform Provider 26
Managing OCI Resources with Terraform 29
Simplifying Infrastructure Management with the Resource Manager Service 31
Helm and Kubernetes Providers 33
Generating Resource Manager Stacks 36
Resource Discovery 36
Drift Detection 38
Generating a User Interface from Terraform Configurations with a Custom Schema 38
Publishing Your Stacks with Deploy Buttons 49
Managing Multiregion and Multicloud Configurations 51
Summary 53
References 54
Chapter 3 Cloud Native Services on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure 55
Oracle Container Image Registry 56
Working with OCIR 58
Image Signing 59
Image Scanning 60
Creating Containers from Images 61
Compute Instances 62
Container Instances 63
Container Engine for Kubernetes 65
Service Mesh 69
Serverless Functions 71
API Gateways 73
Components of an API Gateway 74
Working with the API Gateway Service 75
Messaging Systems 79
Streaming 80
Understanding the Streaming Service 81
Working with the OCI Streaming Service 82
OCI Events Service 88
Summary 91
References 91
Chapter 4 Understanding Container Engine for Kubernetes 93
Monoliths and Microservices 93
Containers 94
Container Orchestration and Kubernetes 95
Oracle Container Engine for Kubernetes 96
OCI-Managed Components and Customer-Managed Components 97
Control Plane 97
Data Plane 98
Billable Components 99
Kubernetes Concepts 100
Cloud Controller Manager 101
Nodes and Node Pools 102
Node Pool Properties 103
Worker Node Images and Shapes 103
Kubernetes Labels 108
SSH Keys 109
Tagging Your Resources 110
Creating a Cluster 110
Quick Create Cluster Workflow 111
Custom Create Cluster Workflow 113
Using the OCI Command-Line Interface 117
Using the Terraform Provider and Modules 122
Automation and Terraform Code Generation 123
Asynchronous Cluster Creation 124
Cluster Topology Considerations 124
Using Multiple Node Pools 124
Scheduling Workloads on Specific Nodes 125
Kubernetes Networking 127
Container Network Interface (CNI) 127
OCI VCN-Native Pod Networking CNI 129
Flannel CNI 130
Kubernetes Storage 130
StorageClass: Flex Volume and CSI Plug-ins 131
Updating the Default Storage Class 131
File System Storage 133
Kubernetes Load Balancer Support 137
Working with the OCI Load Balancer Service 137
SSL Termination with OCI Load Balancer 140
Working with the OCI Network Load Balancer Service 142
Specifying Reserved Public IP Addresses 144
Commonly Used Annotations 144
Understanding Security List Management Modes 146
Using Node Label Selectors 147
Security Considerations for Your Cluster 149
Cluster Topology and Configuration Security Considerations 150
Authorization Using Workload Identity and Instance Principls 156
Securing Access to the Cluster 160
OCI IAM and Kubernetes RBAC 161
Federation with an IDP 162
Summary 162
References 163
Chapter 5 Container Engine for Kubernetes in Practice 165
Kubernetes Version Support 166
Upgrading the Control Plane 167
Upgrading the Data Plane 169
Upgrading an Existing Node Pool 170
Upgrading by Adding a Node Pool 173
Alternative Host OS (Not Kubernetes Version) Upgrade Options 175
Scaling a Cluster 175
Manual Scaling 175
Autoscaling 176
Scaling Workloads and Infrastructure Together 194
Autoscaler Best Practices 195
Cluster Access and Token Generation 196
Service Account Authentication 197
Configuring DNS 199
Configuring Node Local DNS Cache 201
Configuring ExternalDNS 202
Cluster Add-ons 203
Configuring Add-ons 203
Disabling Add-ons 205
Observability: Prometheus and Grafana 205
Monitoring Stack Components 205
Installing the kube-prometheus-stack 205
Operators and OCI Service Operator for Kubernetes 208
Getting Started with Operators on OKE 209
Operators for OCI, Oracle Database, and Oracle WebLogic 210
Troubleshooting Nodes with Node Doctor 214
Configuring SR-IOV Interfaces for Pods on OKE Using Multus 218
Using Bare Metal Nodes 218
Using Virtual Machine Nodes 226
Summary 238
References 239
Chapter 6 Securing Your Workloads and Infrastructure 241
Kubernetes Security Challenges 241
Concepts of Kubernetes Security 242
4Cs of Kubernetes Security 242
Securing Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Container Engine for Kubernetes (OKE) 243
Private Clusters 244
Kubernetes Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) with OCI IAM Groups 248
Data Encryption and Key Management Service 250
Audit Logging 253
Security Zones 255
Network Security Groups (NSGs) 256
Web Application Firewall (WAF) 257
Network Firewall 262
Allowed Registries 264
Cloud Guard 266
Hardening Containers and OKE Worker Nodes 267
Container Scanning 268
Container Image Signing 270
Center for Internet Security (CIS)
Kubernetes Benchmarks 270
Using SELinux with OKE 272
Worker Nodes Limited Access 275
Securing Your Workloads 275
Security Context 275
syscalls and seccomp 278
Open Policy Agent (OPA) 280
OPA Gatekeeper 283
Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) 285
Supporting Tools 287
External Container Scanning Tools 287
CIS-CAT Pro Assessor 287
Kube-bench 289
AppArmor 291
Falco 293
Tracee 293
Trivy 294
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Kubernetes Benchmarks 294
NIST Kubernetes Benchmarks 295
National Checklist Program Repository 296
National Vulnerability Database 296
NIST SP 800-190 Application Container Security Guide 296
Summary 296
References 297
Chapter 7 Serverless Platforms and Applications 299
Container Instances 300
Architecture 300
Using Container Instances 301
Serverless Functions 305
OCI Functions 306
Using OCI Functions 306
Building Your First Function 308
Adding an API Gateway 314
Function Logs and Distributed Tracing 315
Service Mesh 319
Using the Service Mesh 320
Adding a Service Mesh to an Application 321
Summary 330
References 330
Chapter 8 Observability 331
OCI Monitoring 331
Alarms 336
OCI Logging 338
Service Logs 340
Custom Logs 341
Audit Logs 343
Auditing OKE Activity 345
Advanced Observability in OCI 347
Logging Analytics 347
Enabling and Using Logging Analytics 349
Prometheus and Grafana with OKE 349
Using the OCI DataSource Plug-ins for Grafana 353
eBPF-Based Monitoring with Tetragon on OKE 353
Tetragon: eBPF-Based Security Observability and Enforcement 354
Running Tetragon on Oracle Container Engine for Kubernetes (OKE) 355
Summary 359
References 360
Chapter 9 DevOps and Deployment Automation 361
OCI DevOps Service 362
Code Repositories 363
Triggers 364
Build Pipelines 364
Artifacts 368
Environments 370
Deployment Pipelines 370
Elastically Scaling Jenkins on Kubernetes 376
Setting Up Jenkins on OKE 377
GitOps with ArgoCD 380
Setting Up Argo CD on OKE 381
Summary 384
References 384
Chapter 10 Bringing It Together: MuShop 385
Architecture 386
Source Code Structure 388
Services 390
Storefront 390
API 391
Catalog 391
Carts 392
User 392
Orders 393
Fulfillment 393
Payment 394
Assets 394
DBTools 394
Edge Router 394
Events 395
Newsletter Subscription 395
Load 395
Building the Services 395
Infrastructure Automation 398
Helm Charts 399
Utilities and Supporting Components 402
Deploying MuShop 403
Summary 405
References 406


9780137902538 TOC 10/30/2023

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