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  • Copyright 2002
  • Dimensions: 7-3/8x9-1/4
  • Pages: 384
  • Edition: 1st
  • Book
  • ISBN-10: 0-201-73063-4
  • ISBN-13: 978-0-201-73063-0

"If you buy one book on the intelligent Internet, this should be it."—Minerva Tantoco-Hobbs, Director of Advanced Technology & Media Lab, Answerthink

"This book runs guns to the revolutionaries, detailing all the technologies, all the candidate protocols, and all the challenges to be met along the way to build the intelligent wireless Web."—Michael Swaine, Editor-at-Large, Dr. Dobb's Journal

Written by two authors at the forefront of the Internet revolution, The Intelligent Wireless Web presents a fascinating, insightful vision of the Web's near future, with an overview of the technologies that will make it possible. This book explores technology developments in speech recognition, mobile wireless devices, network integration, and software that will be far more responsive to our informational and transactional needs.

The Intelligent Wireless Web examines the convergence and synergy among five key technological components: speech used as a primary user interface; wireless personal area networks (WPANs); an integrated wired/wireless network infrastructure; supporting wireless protocols; and intelligent applications. It investigates available technologies and standards that are currently being developed to bring these goals into the mainstream of Internet use.

Inside you'll find an introduction to a wide variety of topics, as well as an in-depth look at the fundamental relationships between cutting-edge technologies such as:

  • Speech recognition and understanding text-to-speech generators, and Speech Synthesis Markup Language (SSML)
  • Personal Area Networks (PANs), Bluetooth(TM), Jini(TM), and Universal Plug & Play
  • Spread Spectrum, wireless networks, and the IEEE 802.11 standard
  • Wireless handheld devices and third-generation TDMA and CDMA
  • Mobile IP, Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), and Wireless Markup Language (WML)
  • Web Services, .NET, J2EE(TM), SOAP, UDDI, WSDL, and XML
  • Neural networks, adaptive software, data mining, and agents
  • Machine learning and Distributed Artificial Intelligence
  • Semantic Web Architecture

Ongoing research projects, such as MIT's Project OXYGEN, are used throughout to illustrate elements of the intelligent wireless Web in action. Appendixes present standards organizations, mobile protocols, security issues, and a case study of knowledge management. With an understanding of the trends, goals, and technologies described in The Intelligent Wireless Web, you will be well-positioned to develop your own strategic planning for the coming world of the ubiquitous Internet.



0201730634B11052001

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Table of Contents



List of Figures.


List of Tables.


Introduction.


Acknowledgements.


About the Authors.

I. CONNECTING PEOPLE TO DEVICES.

1. Developing a Framework for the Intelligent Wireless Web.

The Wireless Communication Process.

User Interface—From Click to Speech.

Personal Space—Wired to Wireless.

Project Oxygen.

Networks—From Wired to Integrated Wired/Wireless.

Protocols—From IP to Mobile IP.

Web Architecture Dumb and Static to Intelligent and Dynamic.

Self-Organizing Software and Adaptive Protocols.

Web IQ.

Conclusion.

2. Speech Recognition and Understanding.

Man-Machine Communications.

Voice Recording and Analysis.

Language.

Speech/Sound Recording, Compression and Analysis.

Speech Recognition & Understanding.

Speech Recognition.

Speech Representation, Storage, Transmission and Analysis.

Speech Understanding.

Examples of Voice Activation.

Future Trends.

Challenges and Opportunities.

Conclusion.

II. CONNECTING DEVICES TO DEVICES.

3. Wireless Personal Area Networks.

Personal Space.

Proliferating Personal Devices.

Personal Area Networks for the Home.

PAN Technologies and Standards for the Home.

Protocols.

Mobile Software.

Bluetooth.

Jini.

Universal Plug and Play.

Ubiquitous Computing Research.

MIT's Project Oxygen.

Challenges and Opportunities.

4. Merging Wired and Wireless Networks.

Wired Networks.

Routers and Switchers.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode.

SONET Networks.

Ethernet Networks.

Wired Multiplexors.

Signals.

Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM).

Switching.

Wireless Networks.

Benefits of Wireless Networking.

Concerns.

Crowded Airways.

Terrestrial Microwave.

Wireless Local Area Network.

Radio Based.

Medium Access Control.

Spread Spectrum Modulation.

Narrowband Modulation.

Wireless Local Bridges.

Infrared Light-based Wireless Local Area Networks.

Diffused Infrared-Based Wireless Local Area Networks.

Wireless Point-to-Point Networks.

IEEE 802.11 Standard.

Wireless Wide Area Networks.

The State of Wireless Wide Area Networks.

Wireless Application Service Provider.

Network Integration.

Migrating Networks.

Broadband Access.

Mobility and the Wireless Web.

MIT's Oxygen Project Network 21.

Challenges and Opportunities.

5. Merging Wireless Devices with the Web.

Mobile Wireless.

How Cellular Technology Works.

Second Generation Mobile Wireless Technologies.

Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM).

Time Division Multiple Access.

Code Division Multiple Access.

Third-Generation Mobile Wireless Technologies.

The General Packet Radio Service.

Migration Strategies.

Wireless Streaming Video Technologies.

Technology Projections.

Wireless Handheld Devices.

The Internet.

Internet Transfer Protocols.

Mobile Software.

Mobile IP.

The Wireless Internet.

How WAP Works.

Communications Between Client and Server.

Wireless Markup Language (WML).

Alternatives to WML.

Comparing Wireless Web Services.

Challenges and Opportunities.

6. Artificial Intelligence.

Intelligence.

Artificial Intelligence Methods.

Problem Solving through Search.

Knowledge Representation and Inference.

Expert Systems.

Learning, Neural Nets and Adaptation.

Neural Networks.

Adaptive Software.

Data Mining.

Agents.

Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI).

7. Merging Artificial Intelligence with the Web.

How Smart are Web Applications Today?

Enterprise Information Portals.

Extensible Markup Language Standards, Frameworks and Schema.

Web Services.

Comparing J2EE and .NET.

What is Web Intelligence?

How does the Web Learn?

Databases and Machine Learning.

Extensible Markup Language.

Resource Description Framework & Topical Map Convergence.

Logic Layer.

Self-Organizing Software and Adaptive Protocols.

Genetic Algorithms.

Where Does Web Intelligence Reside?

Distributed Computing and Distributed Artificial Intelligence.

Intelligence.

Challenges and Opportunities.

8. Speech Synthesis and Translation.

Text-to-Speech Generators.

Speech Synthesis Markup Language.

Translation.

Challenges and Opportunities.

9. Technological Revolution.

How Does Revolutionary Change Occur?

How Does the Information Revolution Save Time?

Global Economic Integration.

The Impact of IT Spending on Productivity.

Why Intelligent Wireless Devices Improve Productivity.

10. Progress in Developing the Intelligent Wireless Web.

Future Wireless Communication Process.

User Interface—From Click to Speech.

Personal Space—From Wired to Wireless.

Networks—From Wired Infrastructure to Integrated Wired/Wireless.

Protocols—From IP to Mobile IP.

Web Architecture—Dumb & Static to Intelligent & Dynamic.

Strategic Planning Guidance.

Balancing Hardware and Software Innovation.

Balancing Proprietary and Open Standards.

Balancing Centralized and Distributed Web Architectures.

III. APPENDIXES.

Appendix A. Standards Organizations.
Appendix B. Mobile Protocol.
Appendix C. Graphs and the Web.
Appendix D. Dynamic Languages.
Appendix E. Wireless Security.
Appendix F. Visual Prolog.
Appendix G. Knowledge Management: Case Study of Convera's RetrievalWare.
Appendix H. List of Acronyms.
Glossary.
Bibliography.
Index. 0201730634T11212001

Preface

Throughout history, there have been many important inventions, such as the loco-motive, the airplane, and plastic. But few inventions have transformed the world in a revolutionary way. Revolutionary change occurs only when there is a dramatic improvement in the efficiency of human activities. Such improvements are realized over varying periods of time, as the impact of the revolution permeates society. Only change producing orders of magnitude improvement can produce a true revolution.

Is the current Information Age a force for revolutionary change? To place the Information Age in historical perspective, let's contrast it with two great transformational events: the agricultural revolution (beginning around 8000 B.C. and continuing through around A.D. 1700) and the industrial revolution (beginning around A.D. 1700 and still spreading across the world even today).

Ten thousand years ago, humans lived in migratory groups and fed themselves by hunting, herding, fishing, and foraging. The rise of agriculture at that time was a dramatic turning point in human social development. Farmers were able to use 1 acre of land to produce the equivalent food supply that a hunter-gather produced from 100 acres. This 100-fold improvement in land utilization fueled the agricultural revolution and not only enabled far more efficient food production but also provided the new ability of producing a surplus greater than the needs of subsistence. This excess resulted in a new era based upon flourishing trade.

The agricultural transition progressed throughout the world for thousands of years, but was still incomplete when, at the end of the seventeenth century, the industrial revolution unleashed the second global revolutionary transition. Societies up until this period used human and animal muscle to provide the primary energy necessary to run the economy. As late as the French revolution, 14 million horses and 24 million oxen provided the physical force that supported the European economy.

The industrial revolution introduced machines that could produce 100 times the power of a farmer and his horse. Thus the industrial revolution represented a second 100-fold increase in human productivity in terms of increased power in the hands of the laborer.

The latest historic turning point may be the Information Age. The Information Age can be traced to the 1950s with the emergence of the transistor as the initiation of a wave of innovative synergies. The resulting technological development brought microprocessor, computer, satellite, laser, and fiberoptic technologies. By the 1990s, these, in turn, fostered an enormous new capacity to disseminate information.

Although it is still to be determined whether the Information Age is actually a revolution comparable to the agricultural and industrial revolutions, it remains a strong candidate. Indeed, service workers today complete knowledge transactions many times faster through intelligent software using photons over IP packet switching compared with a clerk using electrons over circuit-switching technology just a few decades ago. Therefore the basis for the information revolution may be the falling cost of information-based transactions.

How does the Information Age save time and thereby improve worker productivity? Alan Greenspan, Chairman of the U.S. Federal Reserve, has suggested that the major contribution of Information Technology (IT) has been to reduce the number of worker hours required to produce a nation's output.* In addition, he has suggested that before this period of information availability, most twentieth-century business decisions were hampered by uncertainty about the timely knowledge of customers' needs, inventories, and materials. The remarkable surge in timely information has enabled business to remove large swaths of inventory safety stocks and worker redundancies. The dramatic decline in the lead times for the delivery of capital equipment has made a particularly significant contribution to the favorable economic environment of the past decade. That meant fewer goods and worker hours involved in activities intended only as insurance to sustain output levels. This emphasizes that the essence of information technology is the expansion of knowledge and the reduction in uncertainty.

Why do we suggest that intelligent wireless devices will mean further improvement in productivity over the next decade? The Internet has become the grim reaper of information inefficiency. For the first time, ordinary people have real power over information production and dissemination. As the cost of information drops, the microprocessor in effect gives ordinary people control over information about consumer market production and distribution.

What has restrained the Internet from achieving its full potential has been the limited bandwidth and availability directly to the consumer, inadequate user interfaces, and software that is, at best, unhelpful. Eventually, cheap, fast Internet access will be available to every home and business, unleashing powerful effects. Eventually, the user interface will improve through the use of speech. And, eventually, software will deliver services that are credibly intelligent.

By applying the power of Moore's law to the chips that support the many and varied wireless technologies, wireless will change from an upscale market luxury technology into a necessity for mobile devices. Devices using the Intelligent Wireless Web will offer consumers, as well as businesses, access to products and services any time, anywhere.

Approximately half of today's $28 trillion world economy involves transactions related to office work, including buying and selling transactions, banking applications, insurance forms, government information processing, education forms, and business-to-business transactions.** From a global perspective, this information processing is currently being done mostly by specialized humans and secondarily by machines. And the Internet is only now beginning to touch the vast expanse of office work.

Banking, which typically involves straightforward, standardized transactions, could be one of the first major areas for widespread wireless access. The ubiquitous mobile phone is the new contender in financial services, and it carries with it the potential for very broad access. Unlike earlier experiments with smartcards and the first PC banking services, mobile devices look like a natural channel for consumer financial services. Mobile operators have built networks and technology capable of cheap, reliable, and secure person-to-merchant and person-to-person payments. Wireless telecommunication actually can compete with one of the banker's traditional greatest strengths—control of the payment system. Wireless service providers now have the capability of challenging credit card associations.

How much faster will the growth of intelligent applications over Wireless Web devices improve global productivity in the next decade? No one knows. But the Intelligent Wireless Web holds a vision that may significantly contribute to the information revolution through the use of

  1. A growing number of mobile wireless devices for home and office providing broader access
  2. Improvements to the user interface, including speech
  3. "Nomadic" software from servers provided to our local devices as needed, including complete personal data and preferences
  4. Intelligent software that could improve information transactions and productivity

Statement of the Problem

Although progress is being made in many new technologies that are producing today's Information Age, there is one area that may become particularly influential--#8212;the Intelligent Wireless Web. This area includes wireless mobile devices, speech interfaces, and intelligent software. And as a result, the construction of an Intelligent Wireless Web requires the integration of advances in many disparate fields. Today, there is need for clarifying the "Big Picture" of how these many and varied fields of study fit together—where they touch, where they cooperate, and where they conflict.

The Purpose of This Book

The purpose of this book is to provide insight into the "Big Picture" of how we may "build" an Intelligent Wireless Web. The book evaluates the compatibility, integration, and synergy of five merging technology areas that will lead to the Intelligent Wireless Web:

  1. User interface: To transition from the mouse click and keyboard to speech as the primary method of communication between people and devices
  2. Personal Space: To transition from connecting devices by tangled wires to multifunction wireless devices
  3. Networks: To transition from a mostly wired infrastructure to an integrated wired/wireless system of interconnections
  4. Protocols: To transition from the original Internet Protocol (IP) to the new Mobile IP
  5. Web architecture: To transition from dumb and static applications to new applications that are intelligent, dynamic, and constantly improving

This book provides the background for understanding these merging technology areas. It provides an evaluation of the major advantages and disadvantages of individual technologies and the problems that must be overcome. Finally, the book provides a vision for building the Intelligent Wireless Web.

Yogi Berra once said, "Predictions can be tricky, especially when you're talking about the future." And certainly, making projections about competing technologies is more perilous than using hindsight to review history. However, the future of rapidly converging technologies is not so complex and uncertain that a few reasonable "trial solutions" about certain aspects of the Web's further development can't be put forward for examination. Indeed, several large advanced research efforts, such as MIT's $50-million Project Oxygen, demonstrate that concepts incorporating key elements of the Intelligent Wireless Web are being actively pursued.

Hopefully, the vision of technology development and convergence presented inthis book will offer insights into the actual unfolding of the future of the Web. However, we fully acknowledge that there are competing visions for the development of various Web technologies and the actual winners are yet to be determined.

Who Should Read This Book

The primary target audience for this book includes developers, engineers, innovators, research strategists, and IT managers who are looking for the "Big Picture" of how to integrate and deliver intelligent products and services wirelessly through Web services, software applications, and hardware devices.

The breadth and vision of this book offer synergistic perspective to many disciplines. This book should prove valuable to the technologists, innovators, integrators, computer science educators, and technical experts who are already contributing to the construction of the Intelligent Wireless Web in their own areas of expertise, including Intelligent Networks Designers, Internet Protocols Developers, Device Manufacturers, Wireless Communication Engineers, Standards Organizations, Knowledge-Base System Developers, Software Developers, Intelligent Agent Analysts, Speech Recognition and Synthesis Developers, IT Research Managers, and IT Corporate Strategists.

Finally, this book provides a clear "mindset" for intelligent applications in the Wireless Web and is therefore a valuable reference for students of technology and managers requiring broad knowledge of leading technology issues.

The Organization of This Book

This book is organized into three parts. Part I deals with communication from people to devices. Part II discusses interactions from device to device. Part III examines connections from devices to people. Within these three parts, we present the essential wireless communication relationships.

In Part I, we discuss how people communicate with devices. We start, in Chapter 1, by presenting an overview of the Intelligent Wireless Web, how the Web is becoming smarter, and how the five major technology components can come together as a framework for the Intelligent Wireless Web. Then, in Chapter 2, we show how speech recognition and understanding are growing more powerful and soon will be ready to become a central user interface between people and machines, replacing keyboards and mice wherever possible.

In Part II, we discuss how devices communicate with devices. We start, in Chapter 3, by presenting the specifics of your own Personal Space and its communication infrastructure of the wireless personal area network (WPAN). In Chapter 4, we preview the global communication infrastructure of interlacing networks and how wired and wireless networks are merging. Finally, in Chapter 5, we provide the basics of wireless protocols and standards between devices. This demonstrates how the mobile wireless networks and the Web are merging.

In Part III, we discuss how intelligent ways are being developed for communications from devices to people. We start, in Chapter 6, by discussing artificial intelligence, and we develop a thesis of growing intelligence for the Web. In Chapter 7, we explore current Web applications that are considered smart today, such as Enterprise Application Portals. Then we present the transition of Web architecture toward a Semantic Web with a logic layer. In addition, we explore concepts such as Web IQ. Then, in Chapter 8, we present speech synthesis and translation.

We digress in Chapter 9, to develop the economic basis for the rapid progress of an Intelligent Wireless Web. Finally, in Chapter 10, we weave a Big Picture of the likely progress over the next decade in actually "building" the Intelligent Wireless Web.

Within each chapter, the analysis includes the state-of-the-art technology and an evaluation of how that technology may evolve. We consider how intelligent applications and Web-smart devices work together within each particular area. In addition, each chapter provides a projection on how these relationships of the communication cycle will interface through standards that allow for intelligence to grow.

The sidebars within each chapter provide supplemental information of historical, illustrative, or explanatory nature. Additional advanced information is available in the appendices.

Associated Resources

MIT's AI Laboratory hosts Project Oxygen, which is available online at http://oxygen.lcs.mit.edu/. The Semantic Web Organization has developer software resources at http://www.SemanticWeb.org.

__________________

* Alan Greenspan credited technology innovation with propelling the nation's economy into arecord ninth year of expansion (CNNfn, July 11, 2000).
** 2. McInerney, F., and White, S. FutureWealth, Truman Talley Books, 2000.



0201730634P11212001

Index

1394 standard. IEEE, standards
802.11 standard. IEEE, standards

A

ActiveSky, 148
Adaptive differential pulse code modulation, 38
Adaptive software, 180-182
basics, 215-218
protocol development, 25-27
Web Architecture, 224, 265
Address Resolution Protocol, 153
ADPCM (adaptive differential pulse code modulation), speech coding, 38
Aether (WASP), 124
Agents, AI, 183-184
intelligence, definition, 4
AI. SeeAlso DAI
applications, 171
attributes, 170
basics, 170-171
communication process, 256
computational complexity theory classifications, 172
current research, 258
history, 27, 169
intelligence, definition, 4
learning, 178-179
learning, adaptive software, 180-182
learning, agents, 183-184
learning, data mining, 182-183
learning, neural networks, 179-180
methods, 173
methods, expert system architecture, 178
methods, expert system tools, 177
methods, inference, 176-177
methods, knowledge representation, 176-177
methods, searches, 174-175
methods, searches, computer chess example, 175-176, 200-202
Semantic Web Architecture, 23-24
server architecture, 186
versus human intelligence, 171
Web Architecture, 224
AI Laboratory, MIT
Oxygen, basics, 15-16
Oxygen, current status, 258-259
Oxygen, N21s, 79-85, 132-133
AIM (Automatic Identification Manufacturers), 274
Air2Web WAG service, 123
Algorithms
genetic algorithms, 218-219
Learning Algorithms, 205-207
alphaWorks, 234
Alter Ego WAG service, 123
ALUs (Arithmetic Logic Units), computer chips, 82
American National Standards Institute, 273
AMPS-D (digital advanced mobile phone service), 120
Analog signals, 98
multiplexors, 100
ANNs (artificial neural networks), 180
ANSI (American National Standards Institute), 273
Application Specific Standard Product, 83
Arithmetic Logic Units, computer chips, 82
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), 153
Artificial intelligence. AI
Artificial neural networks, 180
Askey Piccolo PC010 pocket PCs, 61
Association rules, data mining, 183
ASSP (Application Specific Standard Product), StrongARM processors, 83
ATM (asynchronous transfer mode)
basics, 99
versus IP packet switching, 18, 92, 105
Automatic Identification Manufacturers, 274

B

Babelfish Translation Service, 234
Backbones, 102
Bandwidth
balancing network elements, 18
connectivity issues, 94
wired and wireless networks, 130-131
wired network constraint, 91
BeVocal voice-activation product, 47
Biometric devices, security, 293
BizTalk XML, 194
Bluetooth wireless connection standard, 15
basics, 72-74
PAN standards for home, 67, 69
security improvement, 291
Bridges, wireless LANs, 115
Broadband technology
basics, 128-129
comparisons, 128
Brute force AI search technique, 174
Butler-in-a-Box, Mastervoice, 40

C

C-Language Integrated Production System, 177
Canadian National Research Council, direct voice input, 40
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Direction
characteristics, 139
MAC, 114
CAT 5 Ethernet, PAN standards for homes, 67
CCITT (International Consultative Committee for Telegraph and Telephone), 274
CDMA (code division multiple access), 19, 138
2G technologies, 141-142
accessibility to WAP, 158
basics, 143-144
characteristics, 139
migration to 3G technologies, 120, 147
versus TDMA, 148
CEBus standard (EIA-600), 65-67
Cell-switched networks, 105
Cellular transmission
basics, 138-140
WANs, 119-120
CELP (code excited linear prediction), 36-37
Chemical Markup Language, 194
cHTML (compact HTML), 162
Circuit-switched networks, 103-104
Classification/clustering, data mining, 183
Client-server network model, 91
WAP, 160
CLIPS (C-Language Integrated Production System), 177
CLOS (Common Lisp Object System), 25-26
Common Lisp, CL-HTTP system, 187
Clustering, 100
data mining, 183
CML (Chemical Markup Language), 194
Coaxial cable, data transmission, 18, 20, 90, 92-93, 98, 261
Ethernet, 117
PAN standards for homes, 67
Code division multiple access. CDMA
Code excited linear prediction, 36-37
Commerce-One, 193
Common Lisp Object System. CLOS
Common Object Request Broker Architecture. CORBA
Compact HTML, 162
Compaq pocket PCs, 61
Component Object Model, 195
Computational complexity theory classifications, 172
Computer chess (IBM's Deep Blue), AI search method, 175-176, 200-202
Computer chips
RAW, 80-82
StrongARM, 83
Transmets, 81-82
Conita PVA voice-messaging services, 47
Convigo (WASP), 124
Copper wire data transmission, 18, 20, 90, 92-93, 117, 261
CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture), 76
Web Services, 195, 198
Cordless telephone technology, FPLMTS and UMTS, 122
CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Direction)
characteristics, 139
MAC, 114
Cyc (enCYClopedia), 192

D

DAI (distributed artificial intelligence). See Also AI
basics, 184-187
distributed computing, 220-223
Web Architecture, 224, 265
DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) projects
Oxygen, 15
SPEAKeasy, 72
SpectrumWare, 72
Data mining, AI, 182-183
Data transmission media, 18, 20. See Also specific types
types, 90, 92-93
wireless networks, 107-108
Database management
basics, 204-205
Learning Algorithms, 205-207
DBS (direct broadcast satellite), 18, 20
DCOM (Distributed Component Object Model), 196
DECIPHER product, 42
Deep Blue supercomputer, computer chess, 175-176, 200-202
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency project
Oxygen, 15
SPEAKeasy, 72
SpectrumWare, 72
Dense wavelength division multiplexing, 93, 102-103
Differential pulse code modulation, 37-38
Digital advanced mobile phone service, 120
Digital Audio/Video home networks, 63
Digital signals, 98
backbones, 102
multiplexors, 100
Direct broadcast satellite. DBS
Directory Services Markup Language, 194
DisCom2 (Distance and Distributed Computing and Communication), 185
Distributed artificial intelligence. DAI
Distributed Component Object Model, 196
Document Type Declarations, 192
DPCM (differential pulse code modulation), speech coding, 37-38
Dr. Who product, 42
DSML (Directory Services Markup Language), 194
DSSS radio, IEEE 802.11 standard, 281
DTDs (Document Type Declarations), 192
DWDM (dense wavelength division multiplexing), 93, 102-103
Dylan (Dynamic Language), 25, 287-290

E

E-mail, Internet services, 5
E. Ink, electronic ink, 62
ebXML (Electronic Business XML), 196
EDGE (enhanced data rates for global evolution), 144, 147
EDI (Electronic Data Interchange), 194
EIA-600 standard (CEBus), 65-67
EIP (Enterprise Information Portals), 89
basics, 190-192
Web Services architecture, 198
Elan text-to-speech (TTS), 41
Electronic and mechanical serial numbers, telephones, 139
Electronic Business XML, 196
Electronic Data Interchange, 194
Electronic ink technology, 60, 62
Enhanced data rates for global evolution, 144, 147
Enhanced mobile radio, 122
Enterprise Information Portals. EIPs
Enviro 21 (E21) Project Oxygen, 80-85
ESMR (enhanced mobile radio), 122
Ethernet
advantages, 95, 98
ATM, 99, 105
basics, 100-101
CAT 5, 67
home networks, 63
wireless LANs, 117
Expert systems, AI methods, 177-178
EXPTIME problems, 172
Extensible Markup Language. XML
Extensible Stylesheet Language, 193-194
Extensible Stylesheet Language Transform, 193-194

F

Fast Ethernet, 95, 98
Fast Fourier Transform algorithm, 36
FDDI (fiber distributed data interface), 95
ATM, 99
FDM (frequency division multiplexed), 100-101
FDMA (frequency division multiple access), 120
2G technologies, 141
characteristics, 139
FHSS radio, IEEE 802.11 standard, 281
Fiber distributed data interface, 95, 99
Fiberoptic data transmission, 90, 92-94, 98, 261
DWDM, 102-103
Ethernet, 117
File Transfer Protocol. FTP
Firewire standard (IEEE), 63
FPLMTS (future public land mobile telecommunications system), cordless telephone technology, 122
Frame-relay networks, 98
FreeSpeech 2000 product, 42
FreeTranslation.com, 235
Frequency division multiple access. FDMA
Frequency division multiplexed, 100-101
FTP
Internet services, 5
TCP/IP model, 153
Future public land mobile telecommunications system, 122

G

Galaxy architecture, 49-50
GANs (global area networks)
AI server architecture, 186
communication process, 256
connectivity issues, 95
General packet radio service, 144-147
Genetic algorithms, 218-219
GEO satellites, 122-123
Geosynchronous earth orbit satellites, 122-123
GGSN GPRS support nodes, 145
Gigabit Ethernet, 95, 98
basics, 100-101
Global area networks. GANs
Global positioning systems, 122
Global system for mobile communications. GSM
Go Translate, 234
GPRS (general packet radio service), 144-147
GPS technology, 122
Graphs and Web
characteristics, 284-285
terminology, 284
GSM (global system for mobile communications), 138
accessibility to WAP, 158
basics, 120-121
HDML, 19
ITTP, 19
mobile communications, 142-143

H

Handheld Device Markup Language. WML
Handy 21 (H21) Project Oxygen, 80-85
HAVi protocol, 67-68
HDML, 19
HDR, migration to 3G technologies, 147
Heuristic AI search technique, 174
High-speed circuit-switched data. HSCSD
Hitachi HPW handheld PCs, 61
Home Audio/Video interoperability. HAVi protocol
Home Phone Network Alliance. HomePNA
HomeAPI networks, 67-68
HomeConnex networks, 67
HomePNA networks, 67-68
HomePNA standards, 67-68
HomeRF networks, basics, 66-67
HSCSD (high-speed circuit-switched data), 144
migration to 3G technologies, 147
HTML (HyperText Markup Language), 5
cHTML, 162
DAI applications, 187
Semantic Web Architecture, 265
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), 5
DAI applications, 187
Semantic Web Architecture, 265
TCP/IP model, 153-154
HVAC Comfort Network, 63, 68
HyperText Markup Language. HTML
HyperText Transfer Protocol. HTTP

I

IBM
Deep Blue supercomputer, computer chess, 175-176, 200-202
EIP, 191
Pervasive Computing, 79
IConverse (WASP), 124
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers)
basics, 275
standards, 1394, 63, 66-67
standards, 1394, home networks, 63, 66-67
standards, 802.11, 281-282
standards, 802.11, history, 73
standards, 802.11, origin, 56
standards, 802.11, RFLANs, 107
standards, 802.11, wireless LANs, 108, 116-118
wireless LAN standards, 281-282
IETF (International Engineering Task Force), 276
Mobile IP Working Group, 21-22
IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) protocol, 99
IIOP, 196
IN (Intelligent Networking), 18
advanced data transmission services, 92
IN CUBE voice command, 40
Industrial, Scientific, and Medical bands, 115
Inference engines, 215
Information Age. See Also Intelligent Wireless Web
effect on workers' output, 243-245
global economic integration, 245-247
historical perspective, 239-243
IT spending effect on productivity, 247-248
Infrared (IR), 93, 107
home networks, 63
IEEE 802.11 standard, 281
LANs, 113, 115
Infrared Data Association. IrDA
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. IEEE
Intelligence
agents (Agents, AI)
AI, testing, 170-171
computational complexity theory classifications, 172
definition, 4-5
human versus AI, 171
IQ (intelligence quotient), 4
Intelligent Networking. IN
Intelligent Terminal Transfer Protocol, 19
Intelligent Wireless Web. See Also Information Age
centralized and distributed architectures, 268-269
communication process outlook, 254-257
communications cycle, 12
definition, intelligence, 4-5
definition, Web, 5-6
definition, wireless, 5
hardware and software innovations, 266-267
mobility considerations, 130-132
networks, 9, 16-20, 255, 260
networks, capable of learning, 181-182
Personal Space, 9, 14-17, 255
planning guidelines, 264-265
proprietary and open standards, 267-268
protocols, 9, 19-22, 255, 262-264
user interfaces, 9-13, 255
vision for future, 6-7
Web Architecture, 9, 22-24, 255, 264-265
wireless devices, effect on productivity, 248-251
Interactive television 119
Interactive Voice Assistant (IVA), 43
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol, 99
International Consultative Committee for Telegraph and Telephone, 274
International Engineering Task Force. IETF
International Standards Organization. ISO
International Telecommunication Union, 276
Internet. See Also Wireless Internet
basics, 151-152
definition, 5
history, 152
mobile protocols, basics, 154-155
mobile protocols, Mobile IP, 155-156
transfer protocols, 152-154
Internet Inter-ORB Protocol. IIOP
IP (Internet Protocol), 5
transition to Mobile IP, 262-264
IP packet switching
basics, 104-105
versus ATM, 18, 92, 105
IPv4 and IPv6
Mobile IP, 21-22
Mobile IP, transition from IP, 263
mobile protocols, 154, 156
IQ, 4
IrDA (Infrared Data Association), 262
basics, 274
PAN standards, 68-69
ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) bands, 115
ISO (International Standards Organization)
basics, 275-276
ISO/IEC 13250 standard, 212
ISO/OSI seven-layer model, 152-153
iTranslator, 234
Itronix handheld PCs, 61
ITTP (Intelligent Terminal Transfer Protocol), 19
ITU (International Telecommunication Union), 276
ITV (interactive television), 119
IVA (Interactive Voice Assistant), 43

J

J2EE (Java 2, Enterprise Edition)
basics, 196-197
progression toward Semantic Web Architecture, 23
versus .NET, 197-200
J2ME (Java 2, Micro Edition), 197
J2SE (Java 2, Standard Edition), 197
Java Object Serialization, 76
Java Remote Method Protocol, 76
Java Speech Markup Language, 232
Java Virtual Machine, 76
Jini wireless connection standard, 15
AI adaptive software, 182
basics, 74-78
history, 74
PAN standards for home, 67, 69
Jornada pocket PCs, 61
JRMP (Java Remote Method Protocol), 76
JSML (Java Speech Markup Language), 232
JVM (Java Virtual Machine), 76

K

Knowledge
definition, 177
representation and inference in AI, 176-177
Knowledge discovery, 205-207

L

Language Force translation software, 234
LANs
Ethernet, 101
networks, integration, 126
networks, merging from wired to wireless, 94-97
networks, migration, 126-128
networks, types, 56
Laser data transmission, 93, 107, 262
Learning Algorithms, 205-207
Learning, AI, 178-179
adaptive software, 180-182
agents, 183-184
data mining, 182-183
neural networks, 179-180
LEO satellites, 122-123
Linear predictive coding. LPC
Lisp Server Pages, 187
LMDS (local multipoint distribution service), 262
network integration, 20, 125-126
wireless WANs, 118-119
Local area networks. LANs
Local multipoint distribution service. LMDS
Logic layer, Semantic Web, 214-215, 265
LonTalk protocol, 67-68
LonWorks networks, 66-67
Low earth orbit satellites, 122-123
Low-power television, 119
LPC
basics, 36-37, 230
speech coding, 38
LPTV (Low-power television), 119
LSP (Lisp Server Pages), 187

M

MACs (media access controls)
LANs, 114
network layer, 73
MAE (metropolitan area exchange), 124
Mainstream handheld PCs, 61
Man-machine communications, 32
MANs
connectivity issues, 95
Ethernet networks, 100-101
types of networks, 56
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. MIT
Mastervoice Butler-in-a-Box, 40
Math ML (Math Markup Language), 194
MCF (Metacontent Framework), 194
Mechanical and electronic serial numbers, telephones, 139
Media access controls. See MACs
Medium earth orbit satellites, 122-123
MEO satellites, 122-123
Metacomputing in Large Asynchronous Networks, 185
Metacomputing platforms, 185
Metacontent Framework, 194
Metropolitan area exchange, 124
Metropolitan area networks. MANs
Microwave transmission, 92, 107, 262
basics, 111-112
LANs, 113
MILAN (Metacomputing in Large Asynchronous Networks), 185
MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
AI Laboratory, 15, 79
Dylan, 25
Oxygen, basics, 15-16
Oxygen, current status, 258-259
Oxygen, N21s, 79-85, 132-133
MMDS (multipoint microwave distribution system)
wired/wireless networks, integration, 20, 262
wireless networks, 107
wireless WANs, 118-119
MML (Mobile Markup Language), 162
MMTF (Mobile Management Task Force), 277
Mobile and Portable Radio Research Group, 276
Mobile IP
basics, 155-156
transition from IP, 262-264
Working Group of IETF, 21-22, 155-156
Mobile Management Task Force, 277
Mobile Markup Language, 162
Mobile radio, 122
Mobile software
Bluetooth, basics, 15, 72-74
Bluetooth, security improvement, 291
Jini, 15
Jini, AI adaptive software, 182
Jini, basics, 74-78
Jini, history, 74
PAN standards for home, 67, 69
Personal Space, 70-72
UPnP, basics, 78
UPnP, AI adaptive software, 182
Mobile switching center, 140-141
Mobile telephone switching office, 119
Mobile wireless technologies
2G, basics, 141-142
2G, CDMA, 138-139, 141-144
2G, GSM, 142-143
2G, TDMA, 138-139, 141-143
2G, versus 3G, 146
MPRG (Mobile and Portable Radio Research Group), 276
MSC (mobile switching center), 140-141
MShift (WASP), 124
MTSO (Mobile telephone switching office), 119
Multiplexors, 101-102
DWDM, 102-103
Multipoint microwave distribution system. MMDS

N

N21s (Project Oxygen), 132-133
NAPs (network access points), 124
Narrowband modulation, 115
NAS Systems Division power grid, 185
Naturally Speaking product, 41
.NET Web Services
basics, 196
versus J2EE, 197-200
Network 21 (N21) Project Oxygen, 80-85
Network access points, 124
Networks. See Also LANs; MANs; PANs; WANs; wired networks; wireless networks; wireless LANs; wireless WANs
elements needing balancing, 9, 18-19
emerging technology areas, 9, 16-18, 20, 255, 259
integrating, basics, 124-125
integrating, LMDS, 125-126
integrating, schools, 130
Neural networks (AI), 179-180
NP problems, 172
AI examples, 172-173
NTS Dreamwriter handheld PCs, 61

O

Object Management Group, 76, 195
Object-oriented dynamic languages versus static languages, 25
Olympus's Eye-Trek (small display), 62
Open Shortest Path First protocol, 99
OpenDoc, 195
Optical fiber, data transmission, 18, 20
OSGi, service gateway networks, 67-68
OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)
seven-lay model with ISO, 152-153
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) protocol, 99

P

P problems, 172
Packet switching (IP)
basics, 104-105
versus ATM, 18, 92, 105
Palm OS, 149-150, 163
Palm PDAs, 62, 150
PANs (personal area networks), 14
connectivity issues, 94
home applications, 63-64
home applications, automation systems, 63-66
home applications, basics, 62-65
home applications, integrating with WPANs, 63
home applications, network types, 63
home applications, technologies and standards, 66-70
standards, 802.11, origin, 56
standards, related to wireless LANs, 75
Parallel databases, 222
Parallel Line Internet Protocol, 153
Parallel Virtual Machine, 222-223
PCCA (Portable Computer and Communications Association), 277
PCM, speech coding (pulse code modulation), 37-38
Personal area networks. PANs
Personal Space
basics, 55-57
current status, 255, 260
Personal Space, continued
emerging technologies, 9, 14-17
home applications, 63-64
home applications, automation systems, 63-66
home applications, basics, 62-65
home applications, integrating with WPANs, 63
home applications, network types, 63
home applications, PAN technologies and standards, 66-70
mobile software, 70-72
mobile software, Bluetooth, 72-74
mobile software, Jini, 74-78
mobile software, UPnP, 78
personal device proliferation, 57-62
relationship to WPANs, 59-60
research projects, Oxygen, 79-85
Pervasive Computing research projects, 79
PhoneLine network, homes, 63, 68
Physical network layer, 73
PKI (public-key infrastructure) Forum, security improvement, 291
PLIP (Parallel Line Internet Protocol), 153
Pocket PC technology, 149-150, 163
examples, 61-62
PocketVideo, 148
Point-to-Point Protocol, 116, 153
Portable Computer and Communications Association, 277
Portable Distributed Objects, 195
Power Translator, 234
Powerline Network, homes, 63, 66-68
PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol), 116, 153
Princeton University, WorldNet, 206
PROgramming in LOGic. Prolog
Programming languages, types, 216-217
Programming software
adaptive programming, 25
Dylan, basics, 287-290
guidelines toward automation, 26-27
static languages versus object-oriented dynamic languages, 25
Visual Prolog, 295-296
Project Oxygen, 15-16
basics, 15-16
current status, 258-259
N21s, 132-133
technology trends, 49-50
Prolog, 200
Prolog (Visual) programming environment, 295-296
PROMT, 234
Prosodic modeling, 231
Protocols, Intelligent Wireless Web emerging technologies, 9-10, 19-22, 255, 262-264. See Also specific protocols
PSPACE problems, 172
PSTN (Public Switch Telephone Network), 140-141
Public Utility Computing research projects, 79
Public-key infrastructure (PKI) Forum, security improvement, 291
Pulse code modulation, 37-38
PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine), 222-223

R

Radicchio, security improvement, 291
Radio frequency LANs, 107, 262
Radio wave transmission
home networks, 63
Radio wave transmission, 18, 20, 90, 92-94
basics, 107-108
LANs, 114
LANs, ISM bands, 115
LANs, local bridges, 115
LANs, MAC, 114
LANs, narrowband modulation, 115
LANs, spread spectrum modulation, 115
SMR and ESMR, 122
WANs, 118
RAW (Reconfigured Architecture Workstation) computer chips, 80-82
RDF (Resource Development Framework)
basics, 210-211
converging with Topic Maps, 212
progression toward Semantic Web Architecture, 23-24, 265
Semantic Web, basic model, 213
Semantic Web, logic layer, 214-215
Web Architecture, 224, 265
RealPlayer streaming media, 147
Reconfigured Architecture Workstation, 80-82
Recording technologies, 36-38
Remote logins, Internet services, 5
Remote Method Invocation, 76
Residual pulse excited long-term predictor, 38
Resource Development Framework. RDF
RetrievalWare, 191
RFLANs (radio frequency LANs), 107, 262
RIM Blackberry 957 PDAs, 62
RIP (Routing Information Protocol), 99
RMI (Remote Method Invocation), 76
Routers
basics, 96, 98-99
routing protocols, 99
RPE-LTP (residual pulse excited long-term predictor), speech coding, 38

S

SANDi PVA voice-messaging services, 47
SANs (storage area networks), connectivity issues, 95
Satellite data transmission, 18, 20, 90, 97
broadband applications, 122-123
microwaves, 111-112
transition from wired networks, 263
Scalable Vector Graphics, 194
SDH (Synchronous digital hierarchy), 100-101
DWDM, 103
SDLWebflow, 235
Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, 221
Security Network, homes, 63, 68
Security, wireless networks
biometric devices, 293
organizations/protocols, 291-292
Self-organizing software, 25-27
basics, 215-218
vision for Intelligent Wireless Web, 181-182
Semantic Web. See Also Web Architecture
database management, 207
element of Intelligent Wireless Web, 213
emerging technology areas, 9-10
goals, 22-23
inference engines, 215
logic layer, 214-215
progressing from static Web architecture, 24
RDF, 210-211
RDF, converging with Topic Maps, 212
Semantic Web Community Portal, 193, 277-278
Topic Maps, 211-212
transition in Web Architecture, 264-265
Web learning process, 202-203
XML, 207-210
Sequence analysis, data mining, 183
Serial Line Internet Protocol, 153
Service Location Protocol, 77-78
SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence), 221
SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), 23-24, 192
SGSN GPRS support nodes, 145
Shared Wireless Access Protocol, 66-67
Sharewave Digital Wireless, 66-67
Short Message Protocol, 100
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, 153
Simple Network Management Protocol. SNMP
Simple Object Access Protocol. SOAP
Single master antenna television, 119
SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol), 153
SLP (Service Location Protocol), 77-78
SMATV (single master antenna television), 119
SMDS (Switched Multimegabit Data Service), ATM, 99
SMP (Short Message Protocol), 100
SMR (mobile radio), 122
SMTP (Simple Network Management Protocol), TCP/IP model, 153
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
TCP/IP model, 153
wireless LANs, 113
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), 194
.NET strategy, 196, 198
Web Services, 195
Software (mobile)
Bluetooth, basics, 15, 72-74
Bluetooth, security improvement, 291
Jini, 15
Jini, AI adaptive software, 182
Jini, basics, 74-78
Jini, history, 74
PAN standards for home, 67, 69
Personal Space, 70-72
UPnP, basics, 78
UPnP, AI adaptive software, 182
System Object Model, 195
SONETs (synchronous optical networks)
DWDM, 103
versus Ethernet, 101
SOX Schema for Object-Oriented XML, 192-193
SPEAKeasy project, 72
SpectrumWare project, 72
Speech coding, 37-38
Speech Interface Framework working group, 12
SpeechPower product, 41
Speech recognition/understanding, 11, 259
basics, 43-46
cellular phone manufacturers, 62
clicking mouse to speech, 36
current/planned applications, 39-43
languages, 34-36
man-machine communications, 32
process, 35
recording, compression and analysis technologies, 36-38
stages, 46-47
technology trends, 48-50
voice recording and analysis, 32-34
voice recording technology, history, 33
voice activation, 47
WAP, 158
Speech Server/VoiceXML Interpreter, 40
Speech synthesis, 259
language translations, 233, 236
language translations, tools, 234-235
prosodic modeling, 231
TTS systems, 227-230
user interfaces, 11-12
Speech Synthesis Markup Language, 12, 230-233, 259
SpeechMagic product, 42
Spread-spectrum technology, 66-67, 73
LANs, 113, 115
SRI Speech Technology and Research Laboratory, DECIPHER, 42
SSML (Speech Synthesis Markup Language), 12, 230-233, 259
Standard Generalized Markup Language, 23-24, 192
Stanford University, Cyc (enCYClopedia), 192
Storage area networks, 95
Streaming video technologies, 147-148
StrongARM processors, 83
SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics), 194
SWAP (Shared Wireless Access Protocol), 66-67
Switched Ethernet, 95
Switched Multimegabit Data Service, ATM, 99
Switches
basics, 96, 98-99
types of switching, 103-106
Symbol PPT pocket PCs, 61
Synchronous digital hierarchy. SDH
Synchronous optical networks. SONETs
System Object Model (SOM), 195
Systran, SystranPro and Systran Enterprise, 235

T

Tagged Text Markup Language, 19
TCP, 5
basics, 154
Mobile IP, 22
Semantic Web Architecture, 265
TCP/IP, 5
ATM, 99
ISO/OSI seven-layer model, 69, 152-153
PAN standards for homes, 69
TDM (time division multiplexed), 100-101
TDMA (time division multiple access), 120, 138
2G technologies, 141
accessibility to WAP, 158
basics, 143
characteristics, 139
versus CDMA, 148
Tellme voice-activation product, 47
TELNET
Internet services, 5
TCP/IP model, 153
TEMIC speech processing, 40-41
Terminal node controllers, 108
Text-to-speech. TTS
ThinAirApps (WASP), 124
Time division multiple access. See TDMA
Time division multiplexed, 100-101
TNCs (terminal node controllers), 108
Token-ring networks, 95
Topic Maps, 211-212
converging with RDF, 212
Semantic Web Architecture, 23-24
Transcend, 235
Transmets computer chips, 81-82
Transmission Control Protocol. TCP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. TCP/IP
TransSphere, 234
TTML (Tagged Text Markup Language), 19
TTS (text-to-speech) systems
basics, 227-230
current status, 259
Speech Synthesis Markup Language, 230-233
VoiceXML, 232-233
2Road (WASP), 124

U

UDDI (Universal Discovery, Description, and Integration), Web Services, 195
UDP (User Datagram Protocol), 153-154
Semantic Web Architecture, 265
UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system), 122
Uniform Resource Locators, 5
Universal Discovery, Description, and Integration, 195
Universal Plug and Play. UPnP
Universal remote controls, 63
Universal Translator, 234
Universal mobile telecommunications system. UMTS
UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) wireless connection standard, 15
AI adaptive software, 182
basics, 78
PAN standards for homes, 67, 69
URLs (Uniform Resource Locators), 5
USB home networks, 63
User Datagram Protocol. UDP
User interfaces
Intelligent Wireless Web component, 9-13, 255
Intelligent Wireless Web component, current status, 255, 258-259

V

Vector Sum excited linear predictor, 38
Visual Prolog, 295-296
Vocoder, 36
Voice Action product, 42
Voice Logistics Suite, 42
Voice Power product, 41
Voice recording and analysis, 32-34
Voice recording technology, history, 33
Voice Wave product, 41
Voice Xpress product, 41
Voice Activation technologies, 47
VoiceActivation product, 42
VoicePlus/VoicePro, 41
VoiceXML, 232-233
VoiceXML Forum, 12
VSELP (Vector Sum excited linear predictor), speech coding, 38

W

W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
basics, 279
progression toward Semantic Web Architecture, 23
Semantic Web, 202-203
Speech Interface Framework working group, 12
WSDL, 163
XML Schema Language, 192
XSL, 193
WAG services, 123
WANs. See Also wireless WANs
Ethernet networks, 100-101
merging from wired to wireless networks, 95-97
network integration, 126
network migration, 126-128
types of networks, 56
WAP (Wireless Application Protocol), 20, 262
basics, 157-159
client-server architecture, 159-160
PAN standards for homes, 69
security improvement, 291
Semantic Web Architecture, 265
speech recognition, 158
WDP, 160
Web applications, 193
WASP (Wireless Application Service Providers), 123-124
WAG services, 123
WDP (Wireless Datagram Protocol), 160
Web
database management, 5-6, 204-207
definition, 5-6
graphs, terminology, 283
graphs, Web characteristics, 284-285
intelligence, example, 200-202
intelligence, local or global existence, 229
learning process, 202-204
Web applications. See Also Web Services
Cyc, 192
EIP, 190-192
RetrievalWare, 191
XML standards, frameworks, and schema, 192-195
Web Architecture. See Also Semantic Web
emerging technology areas, 9-10
goals, 22-23
progression from static Web architecture, 24
transition to Semantic Web Architecture, 264-265
Web Interface Definition Language, 194
Web IQ, 4-5
Web Services. See Also Web applications
basics, 196-197
distributed objects, various names, 195
EIP architecture, 198
Microsoft .NET, basics, 196
.NET versus J2EE, 197-200
progression toward Semantic Web Architecture, 23
Web Architecture, 224, 265
Web Services Description Language. WSDL
WebDAV (Web-based Distributed Authoring and Versioning), 194, 198
WhisperID and WhisperLM products, 42
Wide area networks. WANs
WIDL (Web Interface Definition Language), 194
Windows CE. Pocket PC technology
Windows Media Player, 147
Wired networks
bandwidth constraints, 91
client/server model, 91-92
components, 91
connectivity issues, 93-94
data transmission media, 90, 92-93
data transmission media, backbones, 102
Ethernet, 95, 98
FDDI, 95
merging with wired networks, 110
multiplexors, 101-102
multiplexors, DWDM, 102-103
network types, 94-95
routers, 96, 98-99
switches, 96, 98-99
switches, types of switching, 103-106
Wireless access gateway services, 123
Wireless Application Protocol. WAP
Wireless Application Service Providers. WASP
Wireless Datagram Protocol, 160
Wireless Internet. See Also Internet
basics, 158-159
client-server architecture, 159-160
protocols, 157
speech recognition, 158
WDP, 160
Web services, comparison, 162-164
WML, 157
WML, alternatives, 161-162
WML, basics, 160-161
WML, W3C standard, 157
Wireless LAN Interoperability Forum, 278
Wireless LANs, 19-20, 112-113
communication process, 256
IEEE 802.11 standard, 116-118
infrared (IR) data transmission, basics, 115
network integration, 126
network migration, 126-128
point-to-point, 116
radio-based transmission, basics, 114
radio-based transmission, ISM bands, 115
radio-based transmission, local bridges, 115
radio-based transmission, MAC, 114
radio-based transmission, narrowband modulation, 115
radio-based transmission, spread spectrum modulation, 115
standards, basics, 281-282
standards, related to PANs, 75
transition from wired networks, 263
Wireless LAN Group, 278
Wireless Markup Language. WML
Wireless mobile technologies
2G, basics, 141-142
2G, CDMA, 138-139, 141-144
2G, GSM, 142-143
2G, TDMA, 138-139, 141-143
2G, versus 3G, 146
3G, basics, 144-145
3G, GRPS, 144, 145-147
3G, migration from earlier technologies, 147
basics, 137-138
cellular, 138-140
handheld devices, 149-151
MSC, 140-141
projections, 148
PSTN, 140-141
standards, 139
Wireless mobile technologies, continued
streaming video, 147-148
Web services, 149-150, 163
Wireless networks. See Also Wireless LANs; Wireless WANs
basics, 106-107
benefits, 108-109
concerns, 109
crowded airways, 109, 111
data transmission media, 90, 92-93
merging with wired networks, 110
microwave transmission, 111-113
Wireless personal area networks. WPANs
Wireless transport layer security, 291-292
Wireless WANs, 19-20
basics, 119-120
current status, 122-123
ITV, 119
LMDS, 118-119
LPTV, 119
MMDS, 118-119
network integration, 126
network migration, 126-128
SMATV, 119
transition from wired networks, 263
WASP, 123-124
Wireless, definition, 5
WLIF (Wireless LAN Interoperability Forum), 278
WML (Wireless Markup Language), 19, 21, 157
alternatives, 161-162
basics, 160-161
Semantic Web Architecture, 265
WAP, 162
XML standards, 193-194, 198
World Translator, 235
World Wide Web. Web
World Wide Web Consortium. W3C
WorldNet, 206
WPANs (wireless personal area networks)
IEEE Working Group, 56
integrating PANs into, 63
new network infrastructure, 56
relationship with Personal Space, 59-60, 259
WSDL (Web Services Description Language)
.NET strategy, 196
basics, 163
XML standards, 194
WTLS (wireless transport layer security), 291-292
WWW (World Wide Web). Web

X

X-10 control devices, 67-68
XDR (XML Data-Reduced), 193
XML (Extensible Markup Language)
basics, 207-210
progression toward Semantic Web Architecture, 23-24, 265
SSML, speech synthesis, 12
standards, frameworks, and schema, 192-195
Web architecture, 224
WML, 158-159
XML Data-Reduced (XDR), 193
XML Schema Language, 192
XPath (XML Path Language), 194
XPointer XML, 194
XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language), 193-194
XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language Transform), 193-194

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