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100 SOA Questions brings together authoritative answers to the most crucial questions business, technical, and architectural decision-makers ask about SOA. It draws on the immense experience of two SOA experts who’ve participated in more than 100 SOA projects in the roles of architect, designer, consultant, technical manager, and strategist.
Organized to reflect the Open Group’s Open Services Integration Maturity Model (OSIMM), this book provides fast, convenient access to information about all facets of SOA planning, implementation, management, and utilization.
This book will be an invaluable resource for all executives, architects, and practitioners who have just started their SOA journey or are well underway.
In-depth answers to questions about SOA topics such as
• SOA Concepts and Planning
• Business Strategy
• Organization and Support
• Governance
• Methods and Techniques
• Applications
• Architecture
• Information Management
• Infrastructure
• The Future of SOA
100 SOA Questions answers the most critical questions executives and practitioners have about SOA. Kerrie Holley and Dr. Ali Arsanjani draw on their unsurpassed experience from hundreds of SOA projects conducted worldwide.
• Why should business stakeholders care about SOA?
• What is the return on investment (ROI) of SOA adoption?
• What is flexibility and how does SOA deliver on this promise?
• Should service development be centralized in service centers?
• How should services be identified or specified to maximize reuse?
• How do SOA methods reduce the lifetime costs for applications?
• How can organizational barriers to SOA success be removed?
• What changes with application development when SOA is introduced?
• How does architecture change as a result of SOA adoption?
• What is a canonical message model?
• How does the SOA infrastructure support events?
• What are context-aware services?
Praise for 100 SOA Questions
“In this book, Kerrie and Ali truly capture the essence of SOA and its benefits to your Business and IT Deployments. Businesses today are desperate to be more nimble and innovative while reducing costs–a tricky proposition. SOA enables companies to reach these goals by tightly aligning the business and IT around the business processes, breaking those processes into reusable business and IT services, and allowing the underlying business and IT infrastructure to be more nimble in supporting the business goals. Effective SOA deployments also lay the groundwork for Cloud formations that can deliver even greater flexibility and cost saving to the business. This book clearly shows that a visit to the land of SOA and Cloud should be on every CxO’s bucket list for their own business.”
Daniel A. Powers, VP Amazon Web Services Sales
“100 SOA Questions is a must-read for business and IT users who are interested in improving business innovation and agility. Based on their real-world experiences from hundreds of global customer engagements, Kerrie Holley and Ali Arsanjani do an outstanding job of explaining the multiple facets of SOA and providing a prescriptive approach to help readers incrementally unlock value from rigid business processes and antiquated application silos.”
Manoj Saxena, IBM Executive and Tech Entrepreneur
“In order for IT systems to be successful in today’s world, they must be correct, complete, and extensible. For a long time we have had systems that are point-intime complete, partially correct, and minimally extensible. Kerrie and Ali get to the heart of the matter when they speak to us about the DNA of a Service-Oriented Architecture. It has been my experience in working with them that their focus in defining granularity, composability, and loose coupling from the viewpoint and with the help of the business stakeholders is much more than the cliché, ‘aligning IT with the business,’ would lead you to believe.”
Manny Bonet, Software Architect
“It is the underpinning infrastructure of a system that determines ultimate flexibility and the ability to scale change to keep pace with rapidly changing global markets. Through Kerrie and Ali’s simple, clear, and comprehensive articulation of the Service-Oriented Architecture approach, I can see that systems must pass through the maturing that SOA brings in order to leverage design methodologies of the future. Those who don’t will be destined to revisit SOA. Great work, gentlemen, in showing us, in such a real world way, the differentiator needed to fight the fight in an ever-leveling technology playing field.”
Robert Mansell, Vice President, Payments & Settlement Systems, PayPal
“This book, written by prominent IT architects Kerrie Holley and Ali Arsanjani, shows a deep and clear understanding of the SOA paradigm for real business starting from the ground up. It will add a strong contribution both for technical and business people in terms of mutual understanding of SOA implementation to solve real life problems of today’s enterprise. This book should be ‘A must’ to have it at each IT architect’s desk.”
Alexei Chirokikh, Ph.D., CIO, Gazprombank (OJSC)
“In 100 SOA Questions, Kerrie Holley and Ali Arsanjani have presented an up-to-date, vendor-independent explanation of Service-Oriented Architecture suitable for IT executives, as well as the broader audience of business stakeholders and architects. Sufficiently detailed while not being overly technical, 100 SOA Questions is a book I can heartily recommend to participants in the Licensed ZapThink Architect course.”
Jason Bloomberg, Managing Partner, ZapThink LLC
“Having known the authors for the better part of the past decade, I can think of no better stewards for all that is pure and good with SOA. Through absolute dedication to their craft, Holley and Arsanjani have been at the forefront of SOA IP, crafting best practices, tools, methodology, and thought leadership in ways both theoretical and practical. This book does the impossible by giving you a glimpse of the magnitude of sheer brain power focused on an incredibly relevant and important topic to both Business and IT. Use it wisely.”
Michael Liebow, Board Member, former CEO and Tech Entrepreneur
Preface xvii
Introduction 1
Chapter 1: SOA Basics 5
SOA Basics: Q&A 5
1. What Is SOA? 5
2. Is SOA an Architectural Style? 7
3. What Are the Fundamental Constructs (the DNA) of SOA? 9
4. What Is the Difference Between a Web Service and an SOA Service? 14
5. What Makes a Project an SOA Implementation? 15
SOA Basics: Key Concepts 16
Chapter 2: Business 19
Business: Q&A 21
6. Why Should Business Stakeholders Care About SOA? 21
7. How Should SOA Be Sold to the Business or Business Stakeholder? 25
8. What Is the Return on Investment (ROI) of SOA Adoption? 28
9. How Should the Business Measure the Effectiveness of SOA? 29
10. What Are the Criteria for Selecting a Project for SOA Adoption? 33
11. What Is Flexibility and How Does SOA Deliver on This Promise? 34
12. How Is Reuse Accomplished Using SOA? 36
13. What Should the Business or Business Stakeholders Do Differently Because of SOA? 37
14. Can SOA Be Applied to Business Architecture or Should It Be Used Solely for IT? 40
15. What Are the Common Pitfalls from a Business Vantage Point in Adopting SOA? 42
Business: Key Concepts 43
Chapter 3: Organization 45
Organization: Q&A 46
16. How Does Business / IT Alignment Change Because of SOA? 46
17. Which Joint Business / IT Processes Change Because of SOA? 49
18. What Organization Structures Should Be Established for SOA? 50
19. What Is the Role of Organizational Change Management to SOA? 56
20. How Can Organizational Barriers to SOA Success Be Removed? 58
21. How Should Organizations Address Funding for Services? 59
22. How Should Organizations Address Prioritization for Shared Services? 63
23. What Are Service Owners? 64
24. What is the Value of Classifying Services? 65
25. Who Owns Service Reuse? 66
26. What Are the Common Organizational Pitfalls When Adopting SOA? 67
Organization: Key Concepts 68
Chapter 4: Governance 71
Governance: Q&A 72
27. What Is SOA Governance? 72
28. How Does an Organization Get Started with SOA Governance? 75
29. What Is the Role of Change Management? 79
30. Does Implementation of SOA Tools and Infrastructure Equate to SOA Governance? 81
31. Should Service Development Be Centralized in Service Centers? 83
32. Does SOA Require Centers of Excellence, Architecture Boards, or Design Boards? 84
33. Why Do Organizations Need to Focus on SOA Governance When There Is an Effective Enterprise Architecture Activity? 87
34. Is SOA Governance Required for SOA Projects to Be Successful? 89
35. How Can You Measure Whether SOA Governance Is Effective? 90
36. What Is the Difference Between Design-Time and Runtime Governance? 91
37. What Are Common Pitfalls of SOA Governance? 92
Governance: Key Concepts 93
Chapter 5: Methods 95
Methods: Q&A 96
38. Should an Organization Continue to Use Agile or Object Development Methods for SOA Projects? 96
39. What Changes in System Development Result from SOA? 98
40. Does SOA Require Service Modeling? 101
41. How Should Services Be Identified or Specified to Maximize Reuse? 103
42. How Should the Granularity of a Service Be Determined? 106
43. Should SOA Be Used Only for Custom Development Projects? 107
44. Are Any New Development Roles Introduced by SOA Methods? 109
45. Does SOA Change Testing Methods? 110
46. How Do SOA Methods Accelerate Application Development? 112
47. How Do SOA Methods Reduce the Lifetime Costs for Applications? 114
48. What Are the Common Pitfalls in Adopting SOA Methods? 115
Methods: Key Concepts 116
Chapter 6: Applications 119
Applications: Q&A 121
49. Do Applications Still Exist with SOA? 121
50. Do Applications Get Replaced with Composite Services/Applications? 121
51. Is a Certain Type of Business Problem Best Suited for SOA Adoption? 123
52. Is a Certain Type of IT Problem Best Suited for SOA Adoption? 127
53. What Changes with Application Development When SOA Is Introduced? 128
54. What Is the Relationship of Business Process Management to an Application? 133
55. How Does SOA Make Applications or a Portfolio of Applications More Flexible? 137
56. Should an Application Portfolio Be Managed Differently Because of SOA Adoption? 139
57. Can Existing Systems or Legacy Applications Be Leveraged When Adopting SOA? 140
58. How Are Services Built That Will Deploy in a Cloud? 142
59. Does It Make Sense to Adopt SOA for One Application Versus the Enterprise? 143
60. What Are Common Pitfalls for Application Teams Adopting SOA? 144
Applications: Key Concepts 145
Chapter 7: Architecture 147
Architecture: Q&A 149
61. How Does Architecture Change as a Result of SOA Adoption? 149
62. How Does SOA Differ from Earlier Approaches, such as DCE or CORBA? 156
63. How Do Web Services and SOA Differ? 157
64. Is SOA Too Complex and Enterprise-Level Only? 158
65. How Do Interfaces and Contracts Differ? 160
66. Should Applications Choose WSDL or REST? 162
67. What Is the Relationship Between Enterprise Architecture and SOA? 165
68. How Do EAI, SOA, and SOI Differ from One Another? 167
69. What Is the Role of Standards in SOA Implementations? 168
70. How Should Standards Be Applied to Enable Successful SOA Implementations? 169
71. What Are the Common Pitfalls When Adapting an IT Architecture for SOA? 170
Architecture: Key Concepts 172
Chapter 8: Information 173
Information: Q&A 174
72. What Is the Relationship Between Information Architecture and SOA? 174
73. What Are Information Services? 175
74. How Are Information Services Classified? 176
75. Do Information Services Differ from Other Services? 178
76. How Should Information Services Be Identified? 180
77. When Should Information Services Perform Create, Read, Update, and Delete (CRUD) Operations? 181
78. Are Enterprise Information Models Required for Effective SOA Implementations? 182
79. What Is a Canonical Message Model? 184
80. How Should a Canonical Message Model Be Created? 186
81. Can SOA Improve Data Quality? 187
82. What Are the Common Pitfalls with Information Architecture and SOA? 188
Information: Key Concepts 189
Chapter 9: Infrastructure 191
Infrastructure: Q&A 193
83. What Are the Building Blocks of an SOA Infrastructure? 193
84. What is an Enterprise Service Bus? 199
85. What Are Best Practices for Creating the SOA Infrastructure? 200
86. What Makes an Enterprise Service Bus Different from Integration Technology? 201
87. How Does an ESB and Registry Relate? 203
88. How Does an SOA Infrastructure Support Events? 204
89. How Does the SOA infrastructure Evolve to Realize the Increased Loose Coupling? 205
90. How Does SOA Infrastructure Support Policy Management? 209
91. How Is Management of the Infrastructure Affected by SOA? 212
92. What Is the Role of Cloud Computing in an SOA Infrastructure? 213
93. What Are the Common Pitfalls in Creating an SOA Infrastructure? 214
Infrastructure: Key Concepts 217
Chapter 10: The Future of SOA 219
Future: Q&A 220
94. Is SOA Dead, Stagnant, or Moving Forward in its Adoption? 220
95. What Is the Future Trajectory of SOA? 221
96. What Are Context-Aware Services? 224
97. What Role Does SOA Play in Embedded or Real-Time Systems? 225
98. What Is the Relationship Between Event-Driven Architecture and SOA? 225
99. How Does the Slow Maturation of Standards Affect the Future of SOA? 227
100. Do WOA and Web 2.0 Affect the Future of SOA? 228
Future: Key Concepts 229
Index 231