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SQL Statements

ALTER TABLE

ALTER TABLE TABLE_NAME 
[MODIFY | ADD | DROP]
  [COLUMN COLUMN_NAME][DATATYPE|NULL NOT NULL] [RESTRICT|CASCADE]
[ADD | DROP]  CONSTRAINT CONSTRAINT_NAME]

Description: Alters a table's columns.

COMMIT

COMMIT [ TRANSACTION ] 

Description: Saves a transaction to the database.

CREATE DOMAIN

CREATE DOMAIN DOMAIN_NAME AS DATA_TYPE [ NULL | NOT NULL] 

Description: Creates a domain—an object that is associated with a data type and constraints.

CREATE INDEX

CREATE INDEX INDEX_NAME 
ON TABLE_NAME (COLUMN_NAME)

Description: Creates an index on a table.

CREATE ROLE

CREATE ROLE ROLE NAME 
[ WITH ADMIN [CURRENT_USER | CURRENT_ROLE]]

Description: Creates a database role to which system and object privileges can be granted.

CREATE TABLE

CREATE TABLE TABLE_NAME 
( COLUMN1    DATA_TYPE    [NULL|NOT NULL],
  COLUMN2    DATA_TYPE    [NULL|NOT NULL])

Description: Creates a database table.

CREATE TABLE AS

CREATE TABLE TABLE_NAME AS 
SELECT COLUMN1, COLUMN2,...
FROM TABLE_NAME
[ WHERE CONDITIONS ]
[ GROUP BY COLUMN1, COLUMN2,...]
[ HAVING CONDITIONS ]

Description: Creates a database table based on another table.

CREATE TYPE

CREATE TYPE typename AS OBJECT 
( COLUMN1    DATA_TYPE    [NULL|NOT NULL],
  COLUMN2    DATA_TYPE    [NULL|NOT NULL])

Description: Creates a user-defined type that can be used to define columns in a table.

CREATE VIEW

CREATE VIEW AS 
SELECT COLUMN1, COLUMN2,...
FROM TABLE_NAME
[ WHERE CONDITIONS ]
[ GROUP BY COLUMN1, COLUMN2,... ]
[ HAVING CONDITIONS ]

Description: Creates a view of a table.

DELETE

DELETE 
FROM TABLE_NAME
[ WHERE CONDITIONS ]

Description: Deletes rows of data from a table.

DROP INDEX

DROP INDEX INDEX_NAME 

Description: Drops an index on a table.

DROP TABLE

DROP TABLE TABLE_NAME 

Description: Drops a table from the database.

DROP VIEW

DROP VIEW VIEW_NAME 

Description: Drops a view of a table.

GRANT

GRANT PRIVILEGE1, PRIVILEGE2, ... TO USER_NAME 

Description: Grants privileges to a user.

INSERT

INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME [ (COLUMN1, COLUMN2,...] 
VALUES ('VALUE1','VALUE2',...)

Description: Inserts new rows of data into a table.

INSERT...SELECT

INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME 
SELECT COLUMN1, COLUMN2
FROM TABLE_NAME
[ WHERE CONDITIONS ]

Description: Inserts new rows of data into a table based on data in another table.

REVOKE

REVOKE PRIVILEGE1, PRIVILEGE2, ... FROM USER_NAME 

Description: Revokes privileges from a user.

ROLLBACK

ROLLBACK [ TO SAVEPOINT_NAME ] 

Description: Undoes a database transaction.

SAVEPOINT

SAVEPOINT SAVEPOINT_NAME 

Description: Creates transaction SAVEPOINTs in which to ROLLBACK if necessary.

SELECT

SELECT [ DISTINCT ] COLUMN1, COLUMN2,... 
FROM TABLE1, TABLE2,...
[ WHERE CONDITIONS ]
[ GROUP BY COLUMN1, COLUMN2,...]
[ HAVING CONDITIONS ]
[ ORDER BY COLUMN1, COLUMN2,...]

Description: Returns data from one or more database tables; used to create queries.

UPDATE

UPDATE TABLE_NAME 
SET COLUMN1 = 'VALUE1',
    COLUMN2 = 'VALUE2',...
[ WHERE CONDITIONS ]

Description: Updates existing data in a table.