Been Cracked? Just Put PAM On It!

Oct 26, 2001

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AVAILABLE PAM MODULES

Table 5.15 provides a list and brief description of many available PAM modules. Some come with the Red Hat (or other) distributions, while others require downloading. Those that come with Red Hat 5.2/6.0 are so noted (and may be found at http://www.redhat.com/ for all others, a web site is specified and an author, if known, is provided. If your system already supports these modules, they will be found in either /lib/security or /usr/lib/ security. If you download and add one, make sure that you put it in the correct directory.

Table 5.15 Overview of PAM Modules

Module	Availability	Description
pam_access	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	Reads the file /etc/security/access.conf to determine whether the user/tty or user/host pair is to be granted or denied access.
`pam_console`	Red Hat 6.0 or publicly available	Sets up permissions and device ownership when logging in at a physical console device. Expects the `/etc/security/console.perms` file for permission and ownership parameters; expects the `/etc/security/console.apps/`directory for services. Supports `auth required` and `session optional`module type/control flag pairs.
`pam_cracklib`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	Supports only `password` module type. Used for checkingpassword choices against the `cracklib` and disallows any choices found there.
`pam_deny`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	Supports all module types. Always returns a failure.
`pam_env`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	Supports `auth` module type only. Uses the `/etc/security/pam_env.conf` file to set shell environment variables.
`pam_filter`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	Supports all module types. This module offers the capability of capturing as much as every keystroke of a session. Requires a filter program, not included.
`pam_ftp`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	Supports module type `auth` only. Implements anonymous `ftp`.
`pam_group`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	Supports module type `auth` only. Sets GID based upon `/etc/security/group.conf` file (syntax nearly identical to `/etc/security/time.conf`, which is discussed in The /etc/security/time.conf File on page 96).
`pam_if`	Publicly available	Supports all module types. A simple conditional used to manage stack execution behavior. Available from http://www.dcit.cz/~kan/pam/. This module is discussed in OPIE and PAM on page 143.
`pam_lastlog`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	Supports module type `auth` only. Used to control the display of last login information.
`pam_limits`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	Supports module type `session` only. Uses the `/etc/security/limits.conf` file to determine whether or not users may log in based on available system resources.
`pam_listfile`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	Supports module type `auth` only. Allows for the use of access control lists based on users, ttys, remote hosts, groups, and shells.
`pam_mail`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	Supports module type `auth` only. Provides the `You have` `new mail` service.
`pam_nologin`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	Supports module type `auth` only. Provides the check for the existence of the `/etc/nologin` file, which, if it exists, will display the contents of the file and fail `auth`.
`pam_opie`	Publicly available	Supports module type `auth` only. Presents an OPIE challenge and requires an OPIE one-time password. Available from http://www.tho.org/~andy/pam-opie.html. This module is discussed in OPIE and PAM on page 143.
`pam_permit`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	Supports all module types. Always returns success.
`pam_pwdb`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	Supports all module types. Replaces the `pam_unix_*`modules. Colocates authentication databases depending upon the `/etc/pwdb.conf`file.
`pam_pwdfile`	Publicly available	This module was announced as this book was in its final stages. It is an authentication-only module that allows for the specification of alternate password files. In this way you can configure separate passwords for various services. For example, you could have one set of usernames and passwords for IMAP and an entirely different set for everything else. You will find this module at http://espresso.ee.sun.ac.za/~cabotha/pam_pwdfile.html.
`pam_radius`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	Supports module type `session` only. Provides the session service for users authenticated through RADIUS.
`pam_rhosts_auth`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	Supports module type `auth` only. Provides for authentication through `$HOME/.rhosts` files. May be configured to allow or deny such authentication.
`pam_rootok`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	Supports module type `auth` only. Allows the root useraccess without requiring a password. Makes sense only when used with the `sufficient`control flag.
`pam_securetty`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	Supports module type `auth` only. Applies only to root.Checks to see if root is logging in from one of the devices listed in `/etc/securetty`. If so, it returns success; otherwise it fails.
`pam_shells`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	Supports module type `auth` only. Authenticates users if their default shell is listed in `/etc/shells`.
`pam_stress`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	This module is used for debugging and stress testingPAM-aware applications.
`pam_tally`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	Supports module type `auth` only. Keeps track of the number of login attempts made and can deny access based upon a specified number of failed attempts.
`pam_time`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	Supports module type `account` only. Restricts access based on user, tty, service, and time as specified in `/etc/ security/time.conf`.
`pam_tcpd`	Publicly available	Supports module type `auth` only. Implements TCP_wrappers-style access control, logging, and functionality through `/etc/hosts.allow` and `/etc/hosts.deny`. TCP_wrappers is discussed in Chapter 10. The module is available from http://web.tis.calinet.it/macchese/pam/pam_tcpd.html.
`pam_unix_acct` `pam_unix_auth` `pam_unix_passwd` `pam_unix_session`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	These modules provide similar functionality to `pam_pwdb` except that the authentication database is either `/etc/ passwd` or NIS
`pam_unix-new`	Publicly available	Incorporates the above four modules into one and implements many of the features of `pam_pwdb`. Available at ftp://hunter.mimuw.edu.pl/pub/users/baggins/PAM/.
`pam_warn`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	Supports module types `auth` and `password` only. This module generates a log message including the remote user and remote host (if available) through the `syslog` utility.
`pam_wheel`	Red Hat 5.2/6.0	Supports module type `auth` only. Provides a way to restrict access to root to those users who are members of the `wheel` group.
`pam_xauth`	Red Hat 6.0 or publicly available	Supports module type `session` with control flag `optional` only. This module automatically passes X Window System magic cookies to other users (for example, through `su`), thus allowing effective UIDs to open X applications without requiring the use of the `xhost` command.

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