- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- About the Lead Authors
- About the Contributing Authors
- Acknowledgments
- Tell Us What You Think!
- Introduction
- I. Red Hat Linux Installation and User Services
- Chapter 1. Introduction to Red Hat Linux
- Chapter 2. Installation of Your Red Hat System
- Chapter 3. LILO and Other Boot Managers
- Chapter 4. Configuring the X Window System, Version 11
- Chapter 5. Window Managers
- Chapter 6. Connecting to the Internet
- Chapter 7. IRC, ICQ, and Chat Clients
- Chapter 8. Using Multimedia and Graphics Clients
- II. Configuring Services
- Chapter 9. System Startup and Shutdown
- Chapter 10. SMTP and Protocols
- Chapter 11. FTP
- Chapter 12. Apache Server
- Chapter 13. Internet News
- Chapter 14. Domain Name Service and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
- Chapter 15. NIS: Network Information Service
- Chapter 16. NFS: Network Filesystem
- Chapter 17. Samba
- III. System Administration and Management
- Chapter 18. Linux Filesystems, Disks, and Other Devices
- Chapter 19. Printing with Linux
- Chapter 20. TCP/IP Network Management
- Chapter 21. Linux System Administration
- Chapter 22. Backup and Restore
- Chapter 23. System Security
- IV. Red Hat Development and Productivity
- Chapter 24. Linux C/C++ Programming Tools
- Chapter 25. Shell Scripting
- Chapter 26. Automating Tasks
- Chapter 27. Configuring and Building Kernels
- Chapter 28. Emulators, Tools, and Window Clients
- V. Appendixes
- A. The Linux Documentation Project
- B. Top Linux Commands and Utilities
- C. The GNU General Public License
- D. Red Hat Linux RPM Package Listings
Built-In Variables
Built-in variables are special variables that Linux provides to you that can be used to make decisions within a program. You cannot modify the values of these variables within the shell program.
Some of these variables are
| $# | Number of positional parameters passed to the shell program |
| $? | Completion code of the last command or shell program executed within the shell program (returned value) |
| $0 | The name of the shell program |
| $* | A single string of all arguments passed at the time of invocation of the shell program |
To show these built-in variables in use, here is a sample program called mypgm2:
#!/bin/sh #my test program echo "Number of parameters is "$# echo "Program name is "$0 echo "Parameters as a single string is "$*
If you execute mypgm2 from the command line in pdksh and bash as follows
# . mypgm2 Sanjiv Guha
you get the following result:
Number of parameters is 2 Program name is mypgm2 Parameters as a single string is Sanjiv Guha
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