Sams Teach Yourself SQL in 24 Hours

By Ron Plew and Ryan Stephens

• Table of Contents
  • Copyright
  • About the Authors
  • Acknowledgments
  • Tell Us What You Think!
  • Introduction
  • Part I: A SQL Concepts Overview
  • Hour 1. Welcome to the World of SQL
  • Part II: Building Your Database
  • Hour 2. Defining Data Structures
  • Hour 3. Managing Database Objects
  • Hour 4. The Normalization Process
  • Hour 5. Manipulating Data
  • Hour 6. Managing Database Transactions
  • Part III: Getting Effective Results from Queries
  • Hour 7. Introduction to the Database Query
  • Hour 8. Using Operators to Categorize Data
  • Hour 9. Summarizing Data Results from a Query
  • Hour 10. Sorting and Grouping Data
  • Hour 11. Restructuring the Appearance of Data
  • Hour 12. Understanding Dates and Times
  • Part IV: Building Sophisticated Database Queries
  • Hour 13. Joining Tables in Queries
  • Hour 14. Using Subqueries to Define Unknown Data
  • Hour 15. Combining Multiple Queries into One
    • Single Queries Versus Compound Queries
    • Why Would I Ever Want to Use a Compound Query?
    • Compound Query Operators
    • Using an ORDER BY with a Compound Query
    • Using GROUP BY with a Compound Query
    • Retrieving Accurate Data
    • Summary
    • Workshop
    • Q&A
  • Part V: SQL Performance Tuning
  • Hour 16. Using Indexes to Improve Performance
  • Hour 17. Improving Database Performance
  • Part VI: Using SQL to Manage Users and Security
  • Hour 18. Managing Database Users
  • Hour 19. Managing Database Security
  • Part VII: Summarized Data Structures
  • Hour 20. Creating and Using Views and Synonyms
  • Hour 21. Working with the System Catalog
  • Part VIII: Applying SQL Fundamentals in Today's World
  • Hour 22. Advanced SQL Topics
  • Hour 23. Extending SQL to the Enterprise, the Internet, and the Intranet
  • Hour 24. Extensions to Standard SQL
  • Part IX: Appendixes
  • Appendix A. Common SQL Commands
  • Appendix B. Using MySQL for Exercises
  • Appendix C. Answers to Quizzes and Exercises
  • Appendix D. CREATE TABLE Statements for Book Examples
  • Appendix E. INSERT Statements for Data in Book Examples
  • Appendix F. Glossary
  • Appendix G. Bonus Exercises

Workshop

The following workshop is composed of a series of quiz questions and practical exercises. The quiz questions are designed to test your overall understanding of the current material. The practical exercises are intended to afford you the opportunity to apply the concepts discussed during the current hour, as well as build upon the knowledge acquired in previous hours of study. Please take time to complete the quiz questions and exercises before continuing. Refer to Appendix C,"Answers to Quizzes and Exercises," for answers.

Quiz

Refer to the Oracle syntax covered in this hour for the following quiz questions.

1. Is the syntax correct for the following compound queries? If not, what would correct the syntax? Use the EMPLOYEE_TBL and the EMPLOYEE_PAY_TBL shown as follows:

   EMPLOYEE_TBL
   EMP_ID	VARCHAR(9)	NOT NULL,
   LAST_NAME	VARCHAR(15)	NOT NULL,
   FIRST_NAME	VARCHAR(15)	NOT NULL,
   MIDDLE_NAME	VARCHAR(15),
   ADDRESS	VARCHAR(30)	NOT NULL,
   CITY	VARCHAR(15)	NOT NULL,
   STATE	VARCHAR(2)	NOT NULL,
   ZIP	INTEGER(5)	NOT NULL,
   PHONE	VARCHAR(10),
   PAGER	VARCHAR(10),

   CONSTRAINT EMP_PK PRIMARY KEY (EMP_ID) 
   

   EMPLOYEE_PAY_TBL
   EMP_ID	VARCHAR(9)	NOT NULL,	PRIMARY KEY
   POSITION	VARCHAR(15)	NOT NULL,
   DATE_HIRE	DATETIME,
   PAY_RATE	DECIMAL(4,2)	NOT NULL,
   DATE_LAST_RAISE	DATE,
   SALARY	DECIMAL(8,2),
   BONUS	DECIMAL(6,2),

   CONSTRAINT EMP_FK FOREIGN KEY (EMP_ID) 
   REFERENCES EMPLOYEE_TBL (EMP_ID)
   

   1. SELECT EMP_ID, LAST_NAME, FIRST_NAME 
      FROM EMPLOYEE_TBL
      UNION
      SELECT EMP_ID, POSITION, DATE_HIRE
      FROM EMPLOYEE_PAY_TBL;
      

      This compound query does not work because the data types do not match. The EMP_ID columns match, but the LAST_NAME and FIRST_NAME data types do not match the POSITION and DATE_HIRE data types.

   2. SELECT EMP_ID FROM EMPLOYEE_TBL 
      UNION ALL
      SELECT EMP_ID FROM EMPLOYEE_PAY_TBL
      ORDER BY EMP_ID;
      

      Yes, the statement is correct.

   3. SELECT EMP_ID FROM EMPLOYEE_PAY_TBL 
      INTERSECT
      SELECT EMP_ID FROM EMPLOYEE_TBL
      ORDER BY 1;
      

   Yes, this compound query works.

Match the correct operator to the following statements.

Exercises

1. Refer to the Oracle syntax covered in this hour for the following exercises. Write your queries out by hand on a sheet of paper because MySQL does not support the operators covered in this hour. When you are finished, compare your results to mine.

   Using the CUSTOMER_TBL and the ORDERS_TBL as listed:

   CUSTOMER_TBL
   CUST_IN	VARCHAR(10)	NOT NULL	PRIMARY KEY
   CUST_NAME	VARCHAR(30)	NOT NULL,
   CUST_ADDRESS	VARCHAR(20)	NOT NULL,
   CUST_CITY	VARCHAR(15)	NOT NULL,
   CUST_STATE	VARCHAR(2)	NOT NULL,
   CUST_ZIP	INTEGER(5)	NOT NULL,
   CUST_PHONE	INTEGER(10),
   CUST_FAX	INTEGER(10)

   ORDERS_TBL
   ORD_NUM	VARCHAR(10)	NOT NULL	PRIMARY KEY
   CUST_ID	VARCHAR(10)	NOT NULL,
   PROD_ID	VARCHAR(10)	NOT NULL,
   QTY	INTEGER(6)	NOT NULL,
   ORD_DATE	DATETIME

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