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Upgrading and Repairing PCs, A+ Certification Study Guide is a hands-on learning book. Author Scott Mueller takes you through test objectives one by one, pointing out the most frequently missed questions and explaining them with a greater detail than easier questions need. Spend your time learning--not deciphering bad writing! Just the essentials! Scott covers the essentials that you'll need to pass the test and point you where to go for more information. Frequent study reminders throughout help you focus and remember the core concepts for the exam--and not the not-so-necessary details. Practice Exams cover the topics that you'll be tested on and asks them in the manner they'll be asked on the test.
Introduction.
1. Basic Concepts.
Introduction. The Essential Parts of Any Computer.
Hardware Overview. Software Overview. Firmware Overview.
Memory: RAM and ROM. Measurement: Bits, Bytes, and Beyond.
File Overhead and Other Features.
Numbering Systems Used in Computers.
Decimal Numbering System. Binary Numbering System. Hexadecimal Numbering System. Binary Versus Decimal MB/GB. Quick Estimations from Digital to Binary and Back.
Serial Versus Parallel Information Transfer.
Parallel Information Transfers. Serial Transfers.
IRQs, DMAs, I/O Port Addresses, and Memory Addresses.
IRQs. I/O Port Addresses. Memory Addresses. DMA-Direct Memory Access.
Summary.
Introduction. The Motherboard.
The System Bus. Essential System Components Found on the Motherboard. Integrated Motherboard Ports. Motherboard Types. Motherboard Installation and Removal.
The CPU.
Voltage. Physical CPU Packaging Types. Socket and Slot Types. Internal CPU Characteristics Affecting Performance. CPU Installation and Removal.
CPU Optimization.
Adjusting Speed and Multiplier Settings. Adding Main and Cache RAM. CPU Optimization Scenarios. Recognizing Expansion Slot Types.
Troubleshooting.
Overheating of CPU or System. Corrosion on Memory Contacts. Loose CPU and BIOS Chips. Missing Slot Covers. Expansion Slot Blocked by CPU. Dead Short in System. Compatibility Guidelines.
Summary.
Introduction. The BIOS and Standard Devices.
Storing System Settings. POST. Beep Codes. Onscreen Error Messages. POST Codes and POST Cards. Transferring Control to the Operating System with the Bootstrap. Loader. Warm and Cold Booting.
System Configuration.
Starting the Setup Program. Step-by-Step CMOS/BIOS Configuration.
Getting Support for Your BIOS. BIOS Upgrades.
Flash BIOS Upgrade.
BIOS Troubleshooting.
Incorrect CMOS Configuration. Incorrect Flash BIOS or Failed Update.
Summary.
Introduction. Memory Types and Forms. Memory Banks. Memory Chips and Modules.
Calculating Memory Sizes with Chips. Parity Versus Non-Parity Memory. Beyond Parity—ECC. Single and Multi-Bit Chips. Memory Module Types. Memory Speeds. Memory Chip Types. Memory Module Form Factors.
Specifying Memory for a Given System.