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The Unified Modeling Language (UML) offers standard semantics and notation for describing object structure and behavior and has emerged as the design medium of choice for developing large-scale distributed object applications. Augmented by the Rational Unified Process, an extensive set of software development guidelines, and the Rational Rose visual modeling tool, the UML greatly facilitates the development of quality object-oriented applications that meet both deadlines and requirements.
Visual Modeling with Rational Rose 2000 and UML is a comprehensive introduction and tutorial providing guidance on how to use a tool (Rational Rose 2000), a process (the Rational Unified Process), and a language (the UML) to successfully visualize, specify, document, and construct a software system. Written by the Rose Evangelist at Rational Software Corporation, a leader in UML and object technology, this book breaks the technology down to its essentials and provides clear explanations of each element. It follows a simplified version of the Rational Unified Process from project inception through system analysis and design. A sample case study running throughout the book illustrates this iterative development process, the UML in practice, and the application of Rational Rose. New appendices demonstrate code generation and reverse engineering using Rational Rose 2000 with the Visual C++, C++, and Visual Basic languages.
Topics covered include:
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Sample
Chapter 1
Foreword.
Preface.
1. Introduction.
What Is Visual Modeling?
The Triangle for Success.
The Role of Notation.
History of the UML.
The Role of Process.
What Is Iterative and Incremental Development?
The Rational Unified Process.
The Rational Rose Tool.
Summary.
Defining the Right Project.
Eastern State University (ESU) Background.
Risks for the Course Registration Problem.
ESU Course Registration Problem Statement.
Summary.
System Behavior.
Actors.
Use Cases.
Use Case Relationships.
Use Case Diagrams.
Activity Diagrams.
Summary.
What Is an Object?
State, Behavior, and Identity.
What Is a Class?
Stereotypes and Classes.
Discovering Classes.
Documenting Classes.
Packages.
Objects and Classes in the ESU Course Registration Problem.
Class Diagrams.
Summary.
Use Case Realization.
Documenting Scenarios.
Sequence Diagrams.
Sequence Diagrams and Boundary Classes.
Complexity and Sequence Diagrams.
Collaboration Diagrams.
Why Are There Two Different Diagrams?
Sequence Diagram for the ESU Course Registration System.
Summary.
The Need for Relationships.
Association Relationships.
Aggregation Relationships.
Association or Aggregation?
Naming Relationships.
Role Names.
Multiplicity Indicators.
Reflexive Relationships.
Finding Relationships.
Package Relationships.
Summary.
Representing Behavior and Structure.
Creating Operations.
Documenting Operations.
Relationships and Operation Signatures.
Creating Attributes.
Documenting Attributes.
Displaying Attributes and Operations.
Association Classes.
Summary.
Inheritance.
Generalization.
Specialization.
Inheritance Trees.
Single Inheritance versus Multiple Inheritance.
Inheritance versus Aggregation.
Summary.
Modeling Dynamic Behavior.
States.
State Transitions.
Special States.
State Transition Details.
State Details.
Summary.
Why Homogenize?
Combining Classes.
Splitting Classes.
Eliminating Classes.
Consistency Checking.
Scenario Walk-Through.
Event Tracing.
Documentation Review.
Summary.
The Need for Architecture.
The Architecture Team.
The 4+1 View of Architecture.
The Logical View.
The Implementation View.
The Process View.
The Deployment View.
The Use Case View.
Summary.
The Iteration Planning Process.
Designing the User Interface.
Adding Design Classes.
The Emergence of Patterns.
Designing Relationships.
Designing Attributes and Operations.
Designing for Inheritance.
Coding, Testing, and Documenting the Iteration.
Using Reverse Engineering to Set the Stage for the Next Iteration.
Summary.
Code Generation and Reverse Engineering with C++.
Code Generation and Reverse Engineering with Visual C++ and Visual Basic.
A Visual Basic Example.
Two years ago, when I set out to write the first version of this book, I thought, "This should be pretty easy . . . I do this for a living." Boy, was I wrong! Putting into words what I do on a daily basis was one of the hardest things I have ever done (all right, childbirth was more painful, but not by much). But I persevered, spent many, many nights and weekends in front of my computer, and gave birth to Visual Modeling with Rational Rose and UML. I must admit that the first time I saw my book on the bookshelf at a local bookstore, I was thrilled. I also found out that you need to have very thick skin to read book reviews. My book is unique since people seem to love it (5 stars) or they are less than impressed with it (1 star). For some reason, I rarely get a rating in between.
As I write the second version of my book, I would like to address the two camps of reviewers. First of all, to the people who love it, I thank you. It is really nice to have someone say "Good job, I really learned from your book." When I was giving a seminar in New York a gentleman came up to me, holding my book, and said, "Thank you, this book has been a lifesaver." That made my day; in fact, I think it made my week. These people have truly understood the goal of my book: to be a simple introduction to the world of visual modeling.
Now for the people who have been less than impressed: You will probably not like this version either. I say this since the goal of the book has not changed. It is not a complete guide to the UML (these books have been written by Grady and Jim and I am not even going to attempt to compete with the definitive experts). It is not a complete guide to the Rational Unified Process (these books have been written, quite nicely, by Philippe and Ivar). It is not even a good book on C++ (in fact, I usually tell people that I no longer write code for a living, and there is a very good reason that I don't). As I stated, this book is meant to take a simple, first look at how a process, a language, and a tool may be used to create a blueprint of your system.
This book takes a practical approach to teaching visual modeling techniques and the UML. It uses a case study to show the analysis and design of an application. The application is a course registration system for a university. This problem domain was chosen because it is understood easily and is not specific to any field of computer science. You can concentrate on the specifics of modeling the domain rather than investing time in understanding an unfamiliar problem domain.
The problem is treated seriously enough to give you practical exercise with visual modeling techniques and the feeling for solving a real problem, without being so realistic that you are bogged down in details. Thus many interesting and perhaps necessary requirements, considerations, and constraints were put aside to produce a simplified, yet useful case study fitting the scope of this book.
For additional details on visual modeling and the UML or on applying the techniques to your application, you should consider the training and mentoring services offered by Rational Software Corporation. Rational Software Corporation may be contacted at 2800 San Tomas Expressway, Santa Clara, CA 95051, 1-800-767-3237. You may send e-mail to Rational at product_info@rational.com. You can also visit the Rational website at www.rational.com.
The ordering and number of chapters in this version of the book have not been changed, but the content of most of the chapters has been updated. The screen shots and Rational Rose instructions have been changed so they reflect what you will see with Rational Rose 2000. The biggest wording changes may be found in Chapters 5 and 11. In Chapter 5, "Discovering Object Interaction," sequence diagrams and collaboration diagrams are now stored in the Logical View of the tool. I have done this so my scaled-down process is more in line with the Rational Unified Process. Chapter 11, "Architecture," has been updated to show the current icon for a component along with the use of lollypop notation for interface classes. I also have included additional appendixes that show how to use Rational Rose with both Visual Basic and Visual C++.
Introduces the techniques, language, and process that are used throughout the book. This chapter discusses the benefits of visual modeling, the history of the UML, and the software development process used.
Contains information that is related to the Course Registration System case study that is used throughout the book.
Discusses the techniques used to examine system behavior from a use-case approach.
Discusses the concepts and notations used for finding objects and classes. This chapter also discusses the UML concepts of stereotypes and packages.
Discusses the addition of scenarios to the system to describe how use cases are realized as interactions among societies of objects. This chapter also examines how sequence diagrams and collaboration diagrams may be used to capture scenarios.
Illustrates the definition of relationships between classes in the system. Specifically, the concepts of association and aggregation are explored.
Shows how the needed structure and behavior of classes are added to the model under development.
Illustrates the application of generalization and specialization principles to discover superclass/subclass relationships.
Uses Harel state transition diagrams to provide additional analysis techniques for classes with significant dynamic behavior.
Discusses techniques used to blend and check models for consistency. These techniques are needed when different teams are working on a single project in parallel.
Contains an introduction to the concepts and notation needed to specify and document the system architecture. This chapter is not meant to be a tell-all process guide to the development of the architecture--it is meant to be a guide to the notation and process used to specify, visualize, and document the system architecture. It is placed at this point in the structure of the book since the architectural decisions specified in this chapter must be made prior to the information contained in later chapters.
Discusses the iteration planning process. It also looks at the UML notation used to specify and document the design decisions that occur during the implementation of an iteration. The chapter does not focus on good (or bad) design decisions--it looks at the process and notations used to capture the design of an iteration.
Provides step-by-step guides to code generation and reverse engineering using the Rational Rose 2000 and the C++ language.
Provides step-by-step guides to code generation and reverse engineering using Rational Rose 2000 and the Visual C++ and Visual Basic languages.
Provides a step-by-step demonstration showing how to create and reuse a Visual Basic DLL.
Provides definitions of terms used throughout the book.
I would like to thank a number of individuals for their contributions to the content, style, presentation, and writing of this book.
Special thanks to the following people:
Steve Bailey (Tier Technologies), Naveena Bereny, Kurt Bittner, Grady Booch, Jim Conallen, Ed Delio, Lisa Dornell, Matt Drahzal, Maria Ericsson, Jim Ford, Adam Frankl, Scott Frohman, Jim Gillespie, Dorothy Green, Jon Hopkins, Ivar Jacobson, Jason James, Philippe Kruchten, Eric Lipanovich, Peter Luckey, Greg Meyers, Sue Mickel, Laura Mullins, Larry O'Brien, Sylvia Pacheco, Jim Pietrocarlo, Hugo Sanchez, Charlie Snyder, Lynne Steele, Walker Royce, Jim Rumbaugh, Tom Schultz, John Smith, and Dave Tropeano. I would also like to thank my editor Carter Shanklin and his assistant Kristin Erickson, for without their help this book would never have gone to print.
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Index