PHP 5 Unleashed

Over 12 million Internet domains worldwide use the PHP language to power their websites. If you are a programmer included in this group, or would like to be one, you should pick up a copy of PHP Unleashed. The definitive guide in PHP programming, PHP Unleashed thoroughly and authoritatively covers the release of PHP 5, as well as advanced topics not found in other books. It begins with a detailed summary of the basics and then quickly moves on to more advanced topics such as working with data, outputting graphical data and building complete applications. Whether you're an experienced programmer and new to PHP, or an experienced PHP programmer but new to PHP 5, this is the one PHP book you need in your library.

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The source code for the examples developed in the book - 91 kb (code.zip)

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Table of Contents

Introduction.

    Organization of the Book

I. WORKING WITH PHP FOR GENERAL WEB DEVELOPMENT.

1. Basic PHP Development.

    How PHP Scripts Work

    Basic PHP Syntax

    Basic PHP Data Types

    Variable Manipulation

    Control Structures

      Logical Control Structures

      Repetition Control Structures

      Embedding Control Structures

    User-Defined Functions

    Dynamic Variables and Functions

      Dynamic Variables

      Dynamic Functions

    Multiple File PHP Scripts

    References

      Variable References

      References Used in Functions

    Strings in PHP

      Speed and Efficiency of String Expressions

    Comparing Strings

    Advanced String Comparison

      Comparing Phrases

    Search and Replacement

      Replacing Strings

    Formatting Strings

      Alternatives to printf()

    Strings and Locales

      Formatting Currency Values

    Formatting Date and Time Values

    Summary

2. Arrays.

    Basic Arrays

      Array Syntax

      Working with Arrays

    Implementing Arrays

      Using an Array as a List

      Using Arrays as a Sortable Table

      Using Arrays as a Lookup Table

      Converting from Strings to Arrays and Back

    More Array Materials

3. Regular Expressions.

    The Basics of Regular Expressions

    Limitations of the Basic Syntax

    POSIX Regular Expressions

    Perl-Compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE)

      Named Patterns

    PCRE Modifiers

    A Few Final Words

4. Working with Forms in PHP.

    HTML Forms 101

      How Forms Are Created

      HTML Widgets

    Working with Form Submissions in PHP

      Retrieving Form Values

      Using Arrays as Widget Names

      Handling File Uploads

    Summary

5. Advanced Form Techniques.

    Data Manipulation and Conversion

      Dealing with Magic Quotes

      Data Conversion and Encoding

      Serialization

    Form Data Integrity

      Securing Hidden Elements

      The protect() Function

      The validate() Function

      Putting protect() and validate() into Action

    Form Processing

      Basic Form Processing and Validation

      General-Purpose Form Validation

      Separation of Presentation from Validation

    Summary

6. Persistent Data Using Sessions and Cookies.

    HTTP Cookies

      Cookie Features and Restrictions

      How Cookies Are Implemented

      Implementing Cookies in Your Scripts

    PHP Sessions

      Basic Session Use

      Session Propagation

    Advanced Sessions

      Custom Session Handling

      Customizing Session Support

    Summary

7. Using Templates.

    The What and Why of Templates

      Separating Common Elements from Code

      A (Quick) Template System Example

    The Smarty Template Engine

      Installing Smarty

      Basic Smarty: Variables and Modifiers

      Configuration Files and Functions

    Summary

II. ADVANCED WEB DEVELOPMENT.

8. PEAR.

    What Is PEAR?

      A Code Library

      A Coding Standard

      A System for Distribution and Maintenance

      The PHP Foundation Classes

      The PEAR Package Manager

      A Diverse Community

    Getting and Installing PEAR

      On *NIX Systems

      On Windows Systems

      Through a Web Browser

    Using the PEAR Package Manager

      Listing Packages

      Finding Packages

      Installing and Upgrading Packages

      Uninstalling Packages

      Alternative Installation Methods

    Using the PEAR Website

      Browsing the Package List

      Searching for a Package

      Downloading and Installing a Package

    Using PEAR Packages in Applications

      Setting Up php.ini

      Including the Package

      Using Packages Not Installed Through pear

    Summary

    Reference

      Mailing Lists/Newsgroups

      WWW

      Other

9. XSLT and Other XML Concerns.

    Relating XML to HTML

    Using XSLT to Describe HTML Output Using XML Input

      XSL Stylesheets

      XSLT File Format Basics

      Commonly Used XSLT Instructions

      Using XSLT Instruction Elements with XSLT Patterns

      Sample XML to HTML Transformation Using XSLT

    PHP4 and XSLT Using the DOM XML Module

      Sample Transformation Using PHP4 and DOM XML

      DOM XML Functions and Properties of Note for XSLT Users

      Including XSLT Support in PHP4 via DOM XML

    PHP4 and XSLT Using the XSLT Module

      Sample Transformation Using PHP4 and XSLT

      XSLT Functions and Properties of Note

      Including XSLT Support in PHP4 via XSLT

    PHP5 and XSLT

      Sample Transformation Using PHP5

      PHP5 Functions and Properties of Note for XSLT Users

      Including XSL Support in PHP5

    Accessing XML Data Using SimpleXML

      Using SimpleXML in PHP Scripts

      Additional Notes About SimpleXML in PHP Scripts

    Generating XML Documents Using PHP

      Functions and Properties for Storing XML Objects as Files

    Summary

    References

10. Debugging and Optimizations.

    Debugging Your PHP Scripts

      Syntax-Related Bugs

      Logical Bugs

    Optimizing Your PHP Scripts

      The Secret to Finding Optimizations-Profiling

      Common PHP Bottlenecks and Solutions

    Summary

11. User Authentication.

    Authenticating Users in PHP

      Why?

      Using HTTP Authentication with Apache

      Using HTTP Authentication

      Using PHP Sessions

    Securing PHP Code

      Register_Globals

      Maximum Error

      Trust No One-Especially Not User Data

      Printing User Data

      Working with Files

      Working with Databases

    Summary

12. Data Encryption.

    Shared Secret Versus Public Key

    Shared Secret Algorithms

      Phrase Substitution

      Character Substitution

      Taking It Further

      Stronger Encryption Algorithms

    Public Key Cryptography

      The RSA Algorithm

      Signing Versus Safeguarding

      Man in the Middle

    Using Public Keys in PHP

      SSL Streams

      Generating a Public Key Certificate and Private Key

      Encrypting/Decrypting Data

      Encrypting and Sending Secure Emails Using S/MIME

    Summary

13. Object-Oriented Programming in PHP.

    Why Objects?

    Creating Basic Classes

      Private, Protected, and Public

      Constructors and Destructors

      Class Constants

      Static Methods

      Class Inheritance

    Advanced Classes

      Abstract Classes and Methods

      Interfaces

      Final Classes and Methods

    Special Methods

      Getters and Setters

      The __call() Method

      The __toString() Method

    Class Autoloading

    Object Serialization

    Exceptions

      Understanding the Call Stack

      The Exception Class

      Throwing and Catching Exceptions

    Iterators

    Summary

14. Error Handling.

    The PHP Error-Handling Model

      Error Types

    What to Do About Errors

    The Default Error Handler

    Error Suppression

    Custom Error Handlers

    Causing Errors

    Putting It All Together

    Summary

15. Working with HTML/XHTML Using Tidy.

    Introduction

    Basic Tidy Usage

      Parsing Input and Retrieving Output

      Cleaning and Repairing Documents

      Identifying Problems Within Documents

    Tidy Configuration Options

      Tidy Options at Runtime

      Tidy Configuration Files

    Using the Tidy Parser

      How Documents Are Stored in Tidy

      The Tidy Node

    Applications of Tidy

      Tidy as an Output Buffer

      Converting Documents to CSS

      Reducing Bandwidth Usage

      Beautifying Documents

      Extracting URLs from a Document

    Summary

16. Writing Email in PHP.

    The MIME Protocol

    Implementing MIME Email in PHP

      The MIMEContainer and MIMESubcontainer Classes

      The MIMEAttachment, MIMEContent, and MIMEMessage Classes

    Summary

III. BUILDING APPLICATIONS IN PHP.

17. Using PHP for Console Scripting.

    Core CLI Differences

    Working with PHP CLI

      Command-Line Arguments and Return Codes

    CLI Tools and Extensions

      The Readline Extension

      Creating User Interfaces

    Summary

18. SOAP and PHP.

    What Are Web Services?

      Transport with SOAP

      Description with WSDL

      Directory Lookup with UDDI

    Installation

    Creating Web Services

    Consuming Web Services

    Looking for Web Services

    Summary

19. Building WAP-Enabled Websites.

    What Is WAP?

    System Requirements

      Nokia Mobile Internet Toolkit

      Ericsson WapIDE

      Openwave SDK

      Motorola Wireless IDE/SDK

    Introduction to WML

      WML Structure

      Text

      Links

      Graphics

      WML Forms

    Serving WAP Content

      MIME Types

      Web Server Configuration

      Setting MIME Type from PHP

      Client Detection

      Displaying Graphics

    Sample Applications

      Server-Side Form Data Processing

      WAP Cinema Reservation System

    Summary

IV. I/O, SYSTEM CALLS, AND PHP.

20. Working with the File System.

    Working with Files in PHP

      Reading and Writing Text Files

      Reading and Writing Binary Files

      Working with Directories in PHP

    File Permissions

      How Unix Permissions Work

      Working with Permissions from PHP

    File Access Support Functions

      Logic Functions

      File Manipulation

      Specialized File Access

    Summary

21. Network I/O.

    DNS/Reverse DNS Lookups

      Retrieving the DNS Record by IP

      Retrieving IP Addresses Based on Hostname

      Determining DNS Record Information

    Socket Programming

      Socket Basics

      Creating a New Socket

      Dealing with Socket Errors

      Creating Client Sockets

      Creating Server Sockets

      Working with Multiple Sockets at Once

    Network Helper Functions

    Summary

22. Accessing the Underlying OS from PHP.

    Introduction

    Unix-Specific OS Functionality

      Direct Input and Output (I/O)

      PHP POSIX Functions

      Unix Process Control

    Platform-Independent System Functions

      Executing Applications from PHP

      Basic External Application Execution

      Single-Direction External Command Pipes

      Dealing with the System Environment

    A Brief Note About Security

    Summary

V. WORKING WITH DATA IN PHP.

23. Introduction to Databases.

    Using the MySQL Client

    Basic MySQL Usage

      RDBMS Fundamentals

      Performing Queries Using SQL

    Summary

24. Using MySQL with PHP.

    Performing Queries from PHP

      MySQLi Basics

      Executing Multiple Queries

      Creating a Visitor-Tracking System

      Prepared Statements

      Transactions

    A MySQLi Session Handler

    What Is a Custom Session Handler?

      Defining Your Own Session Handler

      The MySQLi Session Handler

    Summary

25. Using SQLite with PHP.

    What Makes SQLite Unique?

      General Differences Between SQLite and MySQL

      How SQLite Deals with Textual and Numeric Types

      How SQLite Treats NULL Values

      Accessing a Database from Multiple Processes

    Basic SQLite Functionality

      Opening and Closing Databases

      Performing Queries

      Retrieving Results

      Handling Errors

      Navigating Resultsets

    Working with PHP UDFs in SQLite

      Calling PHP Functions in SQL Queries

    Odds and Ends

    Summary

26. PHP's dba Functions.

    Preparations and Settings

    Creating a File-Based Database

    Writing Data

    Reading Data

    Sample Application

    Conclusion

VI. GRAPHICAL OUTPUT WITH PHP.

27. Working with Images.

    Basic Image Creation Using GD

      Retrieving Image information

    Using the PHP/GD Drawing Functions

      Drawing Line-Based Geometric Shapes

      Drawing Curved Surfaces

      Filled Shapes and Image Functions

    Working with Colors and Brushes

      Working with the Image Palette

      Drawing Using Brushes

    Using Fonts and Printing Strings

      Using GD's Internal Fonts

      Using TrueType Fonts

      Using Postscript Type 1

    General Image Manipulation

      Copying One Image to Another

    Other Graphics Functions

      EXIF Functions

    Summary

28. Printable Document Generation.

      A Note Regarding the Examples in This Part

    Generating Dynamic RTF Documents

    Generating Dynamic PDF Documents

      The PDFLib Coordinate System

      Using PDFLib Configuration Parameters

      Generating PDF Documents from Scratch

    Related Resources

VII. APPENDIXES.

Appendix A. Installing PHP5 and MySQL.

    Installing PHP5

      Linux

      Windows

      Mac OS X

    Installing MySQL and PHP Modules

      Linux

      Windows

    Installing PEAR

Appendix B. HTTP Reference.

    What Is HTTP?

    PHP Programming Libraries for HTTP Work

    Understanding an HTTP Transaction

    HTTP Client Methods

    What Comes Back: Server Response Codes

    HTTP Headers

    Encoding

    Identifying Clients and Servers

    The "Referer"

    Fetching Content from an HTTP Source

    Media Types

    Cookies: Preserving State and a Tasty Treat

    Security and Authorization

    Client-Side Caching of HTTP Content

Appendix C. Migrating Applications from PHP4 to PHP5.

    Configuration

    Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

    New Behavior of Functions

    Further Reading

Appendix D. Good Programming Techniques and Performance Issues.

    Common Style Mistakes

      Configuration Directives

      PHP Is Forgiving, to a Fault

      Reinventing the Wheel

      Variables-Use Them, Don't Abuse Them

    Common Security Concerns

      Unintended Consequences

      System Calls

      Preventing System Call Attacks

      Securing File Uploads

    Style and Security-Logging

      Logging Custom Error Messages

    Summary

Appendix E. Resources and Mailing Lists.

    Relevant Websites

    Mailing Lists and Newsgroups

Index.