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Apache Administrator's Handbook

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The Apache Web server runs more than 55 percent of the sites on the Internet, making it the number one Web server, and more widely used than all other Web server combined. Apache 2.0 is the first majore release of Apache since its inception, and represents a complete change in Apache architecture--one requiring that administrators and developers learn new procedures and techniques for configuring and maintaining the Apache server.

Apache Administrator's Handbook is a practical hands-on guide to the installation, configuration, and administration of the Apache Web server. It will show you how to build and configure Apache with the features and modules you need, how to seucre the server, how to interpret log files, and how to tune the server's performance. While aimed primarily at Apache server administrators, the book also contains information for developers interested in building dynamic Web sites on top of the Apache server using either CGI or mod_perl.

Online Sample Chapter

Apache: Starting, Stopping, and Restarting

Table of Contents

(NOTE: Each chapter concludes with a Summary.)

Introduction.

What Is Apache? Why Use Apache? Who Else Is Using Apache? Who Is This Book For? What's with the Quotes? Conventions Used in This Book. Errata, Updates, and More Information.

I. INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING YOUR APACHE SERVER.

1. Getting Started.

Choosing a Web Server. Hardware and Software Requirements. Connectivity. Should I Host Somewhere Else, or Do It Myself? Questions To Ask Your ISP. FTP, Telnet, SCP, SSH: Getting Content To Your Site.

2. Acquiring and Installing Your Apache Server.

Overview for the Impatient. Where Do I Get It? Unpacking the Source. The Source Tree. Installing Binary Distributions. configure. make && make install.

3. Starting, Stopping, and Restarting.

apachectl. httpd. Starting on System Startup. Microsoft Windows.

4. Configuration Directives.

Configuration Files. Configuration File Syntax. Specifying a Different Configuration File. Testing Your Configuration. Options: Turning on Features.

5. Configuration Utilities.

GUIs and Configuration Files. Webmin. Comanche.

6. .htaccess files-Per-Directory Configuration.

AccessFileName. AllowOverride. Caveats and Limitations.

7. Virtual Hosts.

IP-Based Virtual Hosts. Name-Based Virtual Hosts. Port-Based Virtual Hosts. Bulk Virtual Hosting. Running Multiple Daemons.

II. ADVANCED CONFIGURATION TECHNIQUES.

8. MIME and File Types.

MIME and HTTP. MIME Types Configuration Directives. Encoding. Character Sets and Languages. Files with Multiple Extensions. Handlers.

9. URL Mapping.

Location. Alias. ScriptAlias. AliasMatch and ScriptAliasMatch. Redirect. DocumentRoot. Error Documents. URL Rewriting.

10. Content Negotiation.

Client Preference. Negotiation Methods. Noncompliant Browsers. Caching.

11. Directory Indexing.

DirectoryIndex. Options +Indexes. IndexOptions-“Fancy” Indexing. AddDescription. Headers and Footers. Ignoring Files. Searching and Sorting. Examples. Indexing Security Concerns.

12. Apache on Microsoft Windows.

Requirements. Downloading. Installation. Modules. Differences Between Apache on Windows and Unix.

13. Performance Tuning.

Optimize the Right Thing. Hardware Requirements. Apache Configuration. Caching and Proxying.

III. DYNAMIC CONTENT.

14. Handlers and Filters.

Handlers. Custom Handlers. Filters.

15. CGI Programs.

Apache Configuration. The Anatomy of a CGI Program. Input. Output. Example Programs. Troubleshooting Common Problems. Limitations of CGI.

16. Server-Side Includes.

Configuration for SSI. Using SSI Directives. Variables and Flow Control with SSI. Security Considerations.

17. mod_perl.

What Is mod_perl? Installation. Configuration. CGI Under mod_perl. Apache Handlers with mod_perl. Common Problems. mod_perl on Windows. Where To Get More Information.

18. PHP.

What Is PHP? PHP Advantages and Disadvantages. Downloading and Installing PHP. PHP Extensions. PHP Configuration. Resources.

IV. SECURITY AND AUDITING.

19. Apache Security.

Developing a Security Strategy. Understanding *nix File Permissions. Limit Modules. Cautious Server-Side Includes Usage. Cautious .htaccess Usage. Using a Staging Server. Special Issues for Virtual Hosts. Special Issues for Windows and Apache.

20. Security in Dynamic Content.

Understanding Security Risks in Dynamic Content. Compiled Versus Parsed Dynamic Content. Writing Safer Dynamic Content. Wrappers. Checking Code in Existing Scripts. Special Issues with Windows CGI.

21. Authentication, Authorization, and Access Control.

Basic Authentication. Digest Authentication. Database Authentication Modules. Access Control.

22. SSL.

Cryptography. Introduction to SSL. Installing SSL. Certificates. SSL Configuration. Further Reading.

23. Web Spiders.

What Are Spiders? Spiders: The Good and the Bad. Recognizing Spiders in Your Log Files. Excluding Spiders from Your Server. Robot Exclusion with robots.txt. Writing Your Own Spider.

24. Logging.

access_log. Error Logs. Log File Analysis. Logging to a Process. Rotating Your Log Files. Logging for Multiple Virtual Hosts.

V. MODULES.

25. Introduction to Apache Modules.

The Apache API. Installing Modules.

26. Modules Included with Apache.

The Modules. Installing or Omitting a Standard Module. Apache 2.0.

27. Special-Purpose Apache Modules.

Finding Apache Modules. Examples of Modules.

VI. APPENDIXES.

Appendix A. The Apache Software License.

Appendix B. Configure Command-Line Options.

Appendix C. Regular Expressions.

Appendix D. mod_perl Example Code.

mod_perl Form Handler Code.

Appendix E. Apache History.

Before the Beginning. In the Beginning. Who's Responsible? What's Happened Recently. Why It Works So Well.

Appendix F. Where to Get More Information.

Web Resources. Usenet. Mailing Lists. Print.

Index.

 
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