Code Quality: The Open Source Perspective

• Page 26: How can I avoid off-by-one errors?
• Page 143: Are Trojan Horse attacks for real?
• Page 158: Where should I look when my application can't handle its workload?
• Page 256: How can I detect memory leaks?
• Page 309: How do I target my application to international markets?
• Page 394: How should I name my code's identifiers?
• Page 441: How can I find and improve the code coverage of my tests?

Diomidis Spinellis' first book, Code Reading, showed programmers how to understand and modify key functional properties of software. Code Quality focuses on non-functional properties, demonstrating how to meet such critical requirements as reliability, security, portability, and maintainability, as well as efficiency in time and space.

Spinellis draws on hundreds of examples from open source projects--such as the Apache web and application servers, the BSD Unix systems, and the HSQLDB Java database--to illustrate concepts and techniques that every professional software developer will be able to appreciate and apply immediately.

Complete files for the open source code illustrated in this book are available online at: http://www.spinellis.gr/codequality/

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Foreword

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Table of Contents

List of Tables     xv
List of Figures     xvii
Foreword    xxiii
Preface     xxv

Chapter 1: Introduction     1

1.1 Software Quality      1
1.2 How to Read This Book     9

2.1 Input Problems      17
2.2 Output Problems     21
2.3 Logic Problems      26
2.4 Computation Problems      42
2.5 Concurrency and Timing Problems     51
2.6 Interface Problems     56
2.7 Data-Handling Problems      69
2.8 Fault Tolerance     85

3.1 Vulnerable Code     102
3.2 The Buffer Overflow      106
3.3 Race Conditions     112
3.4 Problematic APIs     115
3.5 Untrusted Input     125
3.6 Result Verification     131
3.7 Data and Privilege Leakage      134
3.8 Trojan Horse      143
3.9 Tools      146

4.1 Measurement Techniques      156
4.2 Algorithm Complexity     173
4.3 Stand-Alone Code      179
4.4 Interacting with the Operating System      182
4.5 Interacting with Peripherals     190
4.6 Involuntary Interactions     191
4.7 Caching      194

5.1 Data      209
5.2 Memory Organization      227
5.3 Memory Hierarchies      231
5.4 The Process/Operating System Interface     239
5.5 Heap Memory Management      246
5.6 Stack Memory Management     264
5.7 Code     274

6.1 Operating Systems     290
6.2 Hardware and Processor Architectures     296
6.3 Compilers and Language Extensions     302
6.4 Graphical User Interfaces      307
6.5 Internationalization and Localization      309

7.1 Measuring Maintainability      326
7.2 Analyzability     351
7.3 Changeability      403
7.4 Stability     418
7.5 Testability      432
7.6 Effects of the Development Environment      451

8.1 Floating-Point Representation      466
8.2 Rounding      478
8.3 Overflow      481
8.4 Underflow      483
8.5 Cancellation      487
8.6 Absorption      491
8.7 Invalid Operations     495

Appendix A: Source Code Credits     503

Bibliography     505
Index     523
Author Index     563