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Effective Java, 2nd Edition

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Product Author Bios

Joshua Bloch is chief Java architect at Google and a Jolt Award winner. He was previously a distinguished engineer at Sun Microsystems and a senior systems designer at Transarc. Bloch led the design and implementation of numerous Java platform features, including JDK 5.0 language enhancements and the award-winning Java Collections Framework. He coauthored Java™ Puzzlers (Addison-Wesley, 2005) and Java™ Concurrency in Practice (Addison-Wesley, 2006).

Are you looking for a deeper understanding of the Java™ programming language so that you can write code that is clearer, more correct, more robust, and more reusable? Look no further! Effective Java™, Second Edition, brings together seventy-eight indispensable programmer’s rules of thumb: working, best-practice solutions for the programming challenges you encounter every day.

 

This highly anticipated new edition of the classic, Jolt Award-winning work has been thoroughly updated to cover Java SE 5 and Java SE 6 features introduced since the first edition. Bloch explores new design patterns and language idioms, showing you how to make the most of features ranging from generics to enums, annotations to autoboxing.

 

Each chapter in the book consists of several “items” presented in the form of a short, standalone essay that provides specific advice, insight into Java platform subtleties, and outstanding code examples. The comprehensive descriptions and explanations for each item illuminate what to do, what not to do, and why.

 

Highlights include:

  • New coverage of generics, enums, annotations, autoboxing, the for-each loop, varargs, concurrency utilities, and much more
  • Updated techniques and best practices on classic topics, including objects, classes, libraries, methods, and serialization
  • How to avoid the traps and pitfalls of commonly misunderstood subtleties of the language
  • Focus on the language and its most fundamental libraries: java.lang, java.util, and, to a lesser extent, java.util.concurrent and java.io

Simply put, Effective Java™, Second Edition, presents the most practical, authoritative guidelines available for writing efficient, well-designed programs.

Customer Reviews

73 of 75 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars A powerful update to an already-classic title, May 16, 2008
This review is from: Effective Java (2nd Edition) (Paperback)
Please see my review of the first edition for my general response. My opinion hasn't changed with the second, so I'll focus on what's new in this review.

The second edition was well worth the wait. The number of items are beefed up to 78 from 57. The chapter "Substitutes for C Constructs" is gone, but replaced by more contemporary material on "Generics" and "Enums and Annotations." Some first edition items have been amended to address features new to Java since the first edition was released. Some new items also address concurrency, favoring it over traditional Java threads. As expected, the cases for each item are methodically and persuaisvely made. If you are particularly interested in concurrency, also consider Java Concurrency in Practice.

The item discussions use boldface liberally to highlight key points,... Read more
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50 of 52 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Simply a great book!, June 30, 2008
By 
Gunnar Hillert (Atlanta, GA USA) - See all my reviews
(REAL NAME)   
This review is from: Effective Java (2nd Edition) (Paperback)
Effective Java, Second Edition by Joshua Bloch is certainly the best Java book I have read in a long time. As a disclaimer, I never read the first edition and I am thus unable to compare the two editions. Effective Java, Second Edition is a mostly easy and fun read providing you with many insights and best practices on how to use Java effectively. It certainly is not a book for the beginner just starting out learning Java. For that purpose you may want to take a look at Thinking in Java by Bruce Eckel instead. Nevertheless, Effective Java would serve as an excellent follow-up.

In Effective Java, Joshua Bloch does a great job describing best practices that you as developer will find useful on a daily basis. For example, I really found his description of the builder pattern (Item 2, page 11) quite interesting. Another Item that fascinated me, was Item 15 (page 73) - "Minimize mutability". Both items are part of a broader theme throughout the book that promotes creating code... Read more
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70 of 76 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars Good, but not all items are equal, May 12, 2010
This review is from: Effective Java (2nd Edition) (Paperback)
If you want to know the good things about this book, read the other reviews, many of which I agree with. This review just states what makes the book 4 stars for me instead of 5, because none of the other reviews I read pointed them out.

Most of the items in book are very good, a few are great and well worth the price of the book and the time it takes to read it, but some have to be taken with a grain of salt. They probably make sense if you come from the background of working on the Java API team, as the author does, but wouldn't make much sense on any of the projects I have worked on. The problem is that all are presented as universal truths and only through experience can you tell which truly are and which can be ignored.

I also feel that some of the items need to be tempered with just plain practical usefulness. I know that programming a certain way makes the code bullet proof from certain errors by not compiling if those errors are introduced, but if the... Read more
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Online Sample Chapter

Creating and Destroying Java Objects

Table of Contents

Foreword xi

Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xvii

 

Chapter 1: Introduction 1

 

Chapter 2: Creating and Destroying Objects 5

Item 1: Consider static factory methods instead of constructors 5

Item 2: Consider a builder when faced with many constructor

parameters 11

Item 3: Enforce the singleton property with a private constructor 17

Item 4: Enforce noninstantiability with a private constructor 19

Item 5: Avoid creating unnecessary objects 20

Item 6: Eliminate obsolete object references 24

Item 7: Avoid finalizers 27

 

Chapter 3: Methods Common to All Objects 33

Item 8: Obey the general contract when overriding equals 33

Item 9: Always override hashCode when you override equals 45

Item 10: Always override toString 51

Item 11: Override clone judiciously 54

Item 12: Consider implementing Comparable 62

 

Chapter 4: Classes and Interfaces 67

Item 13: Minimize the accessibility of classes and members 67

Item 14: In public classes, use accessor methods, not public fields 71

Item 15: Minimize mutability 73

Item 16: Favor composition over inheritance 81

Item 17: Design and document for inheritance or else prohibit it 87

Item 18: Prefer interfaces to abstract classes 93

Item 19: Use interfaces only to define types 98

Item 20: Prefer class hierarchies to tagged classes 100

Item 21: Use function objects to represent strategies 103

Item 22: Favor static member classes over nonstatic 106

 

Chapter 5: Generics 109

Item 23: Don't use raw types in new code 109

Item 24: Eliminate unchecked warnings 116

Item 25: Prefer lists to arrays 119

Item 26: Favor generic types 124

Item 27: Favor generic methods 129

Item 28: Use bounded wildcards to increase API flexibility 134

Item 29: Consider typesafe heterogeneous containers 142

 

Chapter 6: Enums and Annotations 147

Item 30: Use enums instead of int constants 147

Item 31: Use instance fields instead of ordinals 158

Item 32: Use EnumSet instead of bit fields 159

Item 33: Use EnumMap instead of ordinal indexing 161

Item 34: Emulate extensible enums with interfaces 165

Item 35: Prefer annotations to naming patterns 169

Item 36: Consistently use the Override annotation 176

Item 37: Use marker interfaces to define types 179

 

Chapter 7: Methods 181

Item 38: Check parameters for validity 181

Item 39: Make defensive copies when needed 184

Item 40: Design method signatures carefully 189

Item 41: Use overloading judiciously 191

Item 42: Use varargs judiciously 197

Item 43: Return empty arrays or collections, not nulls 201

Item 44: Write doc comments for all exposed API elements 203

 

Chapter 8: General Programming 209

Item 45: Minimize the scope of local variables 209

Item 46: Prefer for-each loops to traditional for loops 212

Item 47: Know and use the libraries 215

Item 48: Avoid float and double if exact answers are required 218

Item 49: Prefer primitive types to boxed primitives 221

Item 50: Avoid strings where other types are more appropriate 224

Item 51: Beware the performance of string concatenation 227

Item 52: Refer to objects by their interfaces 228

Item 53: Prefer interfaces to reflection 230

Item 54: Use native methods judiciously 233

Item 55: Optimize judiciously 234

Item 56: Adhere to generally accepted naming conventions 237

 

Chapter 9: Exceptions 241

Item 57: Use exceptions only for exceptional conditions 241

Item 58: Use checked exceptions for recoverable conditions and runtime exceptions for programming errors 244

Item 59: Avoid unnecessary use of checked exceptions 246

Item 60: Favor the use of standard exceptions 248

Item 61: Throw exceptions appropriate to the abstraction 250

Item 62: Document all exceptions thrown by each method 252

Item 63: Include failure-capture information in detail messages 254

Item 64: Strive for failure atomicity 256

Item 65: Don’t ignore exceptions 258

 

Chapter 10: Concurrency 259

Item 66: Synchronize access to shared mutable data 259

Item 67: Avoid excessive synchronization 265

Item 68: Prefer executors and tasks to threads 271

Item 69: Prefer concurrency utilities to wait and notify 273

Item 70: Document thread safety 278

Item 71: Use lazy initialization judiciously 282

Item 72: Don’t depend on the thread scheduler 286

Item 73: Avoid thread groups 288

 

Chapter 11: Serialization 289

Item 74: Implement Serializable judiciously 289

Item 75: Consider using a custom serialized form 295

Item 76: Write readObject methods defensively 302

Item 77: For instance control, prefer enum types to readResolve 309

Item 78: Consider serialization proxies instead of serialized instances 313

 

Appendix: Items Corresponding to First Edition 317

 

References 321

Index of Patterns and Idioms 327

Index 331

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