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Evans:Digital Tele Over Cable _p1
- By D. R. Evans
- Published May 4, 2001 by Addison-Wesley Professional.
Book
- Sorry, this book is no longer in print.
Description
- Copyright 2001
- Dimensions: 7-3/8" x 9-1/4"
- Pages: 608
- Edition: 1st
- Book
- ISBN-10: 0-201-72827-3
- ISBN-13: 978-0-201-72827-9
Breakthrough PacketCable technology will enable cable companies to deliver high-speed Internet access, video, and IP-based residential telephony across the same coax wires. Every major U.S. cable company has committed to deploying PacketCable. It is estimated that 11% of U.S. residential calls will be carried on PacketCable networks by 2005. This is the first comprehensive guide to PacketCable: architecture, components, and implementation. Evans introduces the PacketCable standard, its goals and the business and technical problems it is intended to solve. Next, he shows how PacketCable networks handle each key task they must perform, including network-based and distributed call signaling; provisioning telephony and other services through Multimedia Terminal Adapters; transmission of billing information; interoperability with the classic Public Switched Telephone Network, and more. Evans also shows how the PacketCable standard provides hooks for implementing advanced Quality of Service (QoS) applications. For implementers, managers, and others concerned with providing CATV, broadband Internet, and telephony services over cable networks, and for building IP telephony networks from scratch using shared-access architecture.
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Table of Contents
1. Background.
The Residential Broadband Pipe.
ISDN and DSL.
Cable Access to the Internet.
Hybrid Fiber Coax Networks.
Customer Premise Equipment.
Home Networks.
The PacketCable Project.
PacketCable Architecture.
Packet Technology.
Protocol Stacks.
Placing a Call in a Packet Network.
PacketCable and the Internet.
The Rest of the Book.
2. Security.
Classes of Attack.
Theft of Service.
Denial of Service.
Invasion of Privacy.
Security and Conventional Telephony.
Security in Digital Networks.
Security Concepts.
Cryptographic Security.
Cryptographic Algorithms.
Cryptographic Hashes.
Nonces.
Keys.
Key Management.
Public Key Cryptography.
Digital Signatures.
Certificates.
Conventional Cryptography.
Kerberos.
PKINIT.
Internet Key Exchange (IKE).
Specific Security Mechanisms and Algorithms.
Ipsec.
The Security Parameter Index (SPI).
IPsec internals.
Ciphers.
DES and 3DES.
RSA.
RC4.
Message Authentication Codes.
Multilinear Modular Hash (MMH).
HMACs.
X.509 Certificates.
Format of X.509 Certificates.
PacketCable Certificate Hierarchies.
MTA Root Certificate.
MTA Manufacturer Certificate.
MTA Device Certificate.
IP Telephony Root Certificate.
Telephony Service Provider Certificate.
Local System Certificate.
MTA Telephony Certificate.
Certificate Revocation.
Other Certificates.
Ticket Granting Server Certificate.
Provisioning Server Certificate.
3. The Access Link.
The DOCSIS Specifications.
Overview of the Cable Access Network.
Initialization.
Downstream Synchronization.
Obtaining Upstream Parameters.
Ranging.
Establishing IP Connectivity.
Synchronizing Time of Day.
Transferring Operational Parameters.
Registering.
Initializing Baseline Privacy Plus.
DOCSIS Protocol Layers.
Physical Media Dependent Sublayer.
Modulation Schemes.
Time Slices.
Upstream Transmission.
Downstream Data Flow Through a Cable Modem.
Media Access Control Layer.
MAC Header Format.
MAC Packet Protocol Data Unit (PDU) Format.
Specialized MAC Headers.
Format of MAC Management Messages.
MAC Management.
Service Identifiers and Service Flow Identifiers.
Time Synchronization Message (SYNC).
Upstream Channel Descriptor (UCD).
Ranging.
Ranging Request (RNG-REQ).
Ranging Response (RNG-RSP).
Upstream Bandwidth Allocation Map (MAP).
MAP Information Elements.
Example Upstream Bandwidth Allocation.
Contention Rsolution.
The MAP Message.
Quality Service (QoS).
Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS).
Real-Time Polling Service.
UGS with Activity Detection (AD).
Non-Real-Time Polling Service.
Best Effort Service.
Committed Information Rate.
Dynamic Service Flows.
Baseline Privacy Interface Plus.
Security Associations in BPI1.
Baseline Privacy Key Management (BPKM).
Authenticating the CM.
The Authorization Key.
Obtaining TEKs.
Key Derivation.
TEK Encryption.
Lifetime of Keying Material.
Packet Formats.
The CM's X.509 Certificate.
BPI1 MAC Extended Header.
Where Do We Go From Here?
4. Network-Based Call Signaling.
Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP).
Format.
Command Header.
Digit Maps.
Quarantine.
NCS and DqoS.
Event Packages.
Responses.
Response Parameters.
Response to CRCX.
Response to MDCX.
Response to DLCX.
Response to RQNT.
Response to NTFY.
Response to AUEP.
Response to AUCX.
Response to RSIP.
Encoding Session Descriptions.
Permitted Session Description Parameters.
Protocol Version.
Origin.
Session Name.
Connection Data.
Bandwidth.
Time.
Encryption Keys.
Attributes.
Media Announcements.
RTPMAPs.
Message Transmission.
Piggybacking Messages.
Provisional Responses.
Security.
Bearer-Channel Security.
Encoded RTP Format.
Encrypting RTP Packets.
Key Derivation Function.
Procedure for Encrypting and Decrypting.
Key Management in NCS.
Basic NCS Call Flow.
Call Features.
Caller ID.
Anonymity.
Call Waiting.
Three-Way Calling.
5. Distributed Call Signaling.
Basic Call Flow.
Trust.
Intelligent MTAs.
Messaging
SIP Header Extensions.
INVITE (stage1).
DCS-CALLER.
DCS-ANONYMITY.
DCS-GATE.
DCS-STATE.
DCS-ALSO:
DCS-REPLACES:
DCS-OSPS:
DCS-BILLING-INFO:
DCS-BILLING-ID:
SIP Response Extensions.
SESSION PROGRESS.
SIP and DCS.
DCS URLs.
Supported Headers
SDP.
Protocol version (v=).
Origin (o=).
Session Name (s=).
Connection data (c=).
Bandwidth (b=).
Time (t=).
Encryption keys (k=).
Attributes (a=).
Media Announcements (m=).
Details of DCS Signaling.
Basic Messaging--INVITE and Its Variants.
Retransmission Strategy.
Establishing a Connection.
Message Number 1--INVITE(stage1).
Message Number 2--INVITE(stage1).
Message Number 3--INVITE(stage1).
Message Number 4--200 OK.
Message Number 5--200 OK.
Message Number 6--200 OK.
Message Number 7--ACK.
Message Number 8--INVITE.
Message Number 9--18x.
Message Number 10--200 OK.
Message Number 11--ACK.
Tearing Down a Call.
Implementing Features.
Mid-Call Codec Changes.
BLV and EI.
IP-Anonymity.
DCS and Personal Privacy.
6. Quality of Service.
DQoS and RSVP.
Customer and Operator Expectations.
Gates.
Resources.
Authorization, Reservation and Commitment.
Two-Stage Commitment.
Security and DqoS.
MTA and CMTS.
GC and CMTS.
CMS and CMTS.
DQoS and DOCSIS.
Codecs.
Buckets and Jitter Buffers.
Buckets.
Token Bucket Rate (R).
Token Bucket Size (B).
Maximum Transmission Rate (p).
Jitter Buffers 306
Flowspecs.
Flowspecs, DOCSIS, and SDP.
A Note About RTCP.
More About Gates.
Auto-Commit and Commit-Not-Allowed Flags.
Auto-Commit Flag.
Commit-Not-Allowed Flag.
Gate States.
Auto-Commit and Commit-Not-Allowed Flags.
Auto-Commit Flag.
Commit-Not-Allowed Flag.
Gate States.
Common Open Policy Service (COPS).
Intserv and Diffserv Networks.
COPS in PacketCable Networks.
COPS Messages.
Transaction-ID.
Subscriber-ID.
Gate-ID.
Activity-Count.
Gate-Spec.
Remote-Gate-Info.
Event-Generation-Info.
Media-Connection-Event-Info.
PacketCable-Error.
Electronic-Surveillance-Parameters.
Session-Description-Parameters.
Example PacketCable COPS Object.
Protocol Operation.
Gate Control Messages.
GATE-ALLOC.
GATE-ALLOC-ACK.
GATE-ALLOC-ERROR.
GATE-SET.
GATE-SET-ACK.
GATE-SET-ERR.
GATE-INFO.
GATE-INFO-ACK.
GATE-INFO-ERR.
Examples of COPS Messages.
Initialization of the COPS Connection.
Operation.
Allocating a Gate.
Setting (Creating) a Gate.
Querying a Gate.
Closing and Deleting a Gate.
Gate Coordination.
Format of Gate Coordination Messages.
Gate Coordination Message Contents.
GATE-OPEN.
GATE-OPEN-ACK.
GATE-OPEN-ERR.
GATE-CLOSE.
GATE-CLOSE-ACK.
GATE-CLOSE-ERR.
Example Gate Coordination Message.
Use of Gate Coordination Messages.
Example Call Flow.
7. Provisioning, Back Office and Electronic Surveillance.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
The Need for Network Management.
SNMP Architecture.
SNMP Messages.
Power-On Initialization.
Obtaining IP Connectivity Information.
Becoming Part of the Network.
MTA Configuration File Format.
Creating an IPsec Security Association with a CMS.
Wake-Up.
Rekey.
Event Messages.
Billing Correlation ID.
Types of Event Messages.
Event Message Format.
Attributes
Contents of Individual Event Messages.
Message #1: Signaling_Start.
Message #2: Signaling_Stop.
Message #3: Database_Query.
Message #6: Service_Instance.
Message #7: QoS_Start.
Message #8: QoS_Stop.
Message #9: Service_Activation.
Message #10: Service_Deactivation.
Message #13: Interconnect_(Signaling)_Start.
Message #14: Interconnect_(Signaling)_Stop.
Message #15: Call_Answer.
Message #16: Call_Disconnect.
Message #17: Time_Change.
Message #18: QoS_Change.
RADIUS.
RADIUS and Security.
RADIUS Message Header.
RADIUS Accounting-Request Format.
Example RADIUS message.
Electronic Surveillance.
CALEA.
Types of Wiretap.
The CALEA Framework.
Compliance with CALEA.
What May Be Tapped?
Wiretapping Architecture in PacketCable Networks.
Call Signaling.
Changes to Event Messages.
Message #1: Signaling_Start.
Message #6: Service_Instance.
Message #7: QoS_Start.
Message #8: QoS_Stop.
Message #15: Call_Answer.
Message #16: Call_Disconnect.
CDC Connection Between DF and CF.
DCD Message Formats.
Answer.
CCChange.
CCClose.
CCOpen.
Origination.
Redirection.
Release.
TerminationAttempt.
CCC Message Format.
Example Call Flow.
Complications.
8. Interworking with the PSTN.
Architecture.
Signaling.
Mapping.
Media Control.
Packages.
IT--The ISUP Trunk Package.
MO--The Operator Services Package.
MT--The MF Terminating Protocol Package.
Messages.
Example Call Flow.
9. The Future.
Changes to Current Specifications.
New Specifications.
Calls Utilizing More Than One CMS 501
Calls Utilizing More Than One Service Provider.
Automated Security.
New Codecs.
New Encryption Algorithms.
Non-Embedded MTAs.
Future Services.
Business Issues.
The MTA: Where Does It Belong, and Who Owns It?
Primary Line or Secondary Line?
Partially Compliant Networks.
NCS vs DCS.
Fiber to the Home (FTTH).
Putting it All Together.
Appendix A. Glossary.
Appendix B. Cyclic Redundancy Checks.
Appendix C. Standard Encoding.
Binary to Hex.
BASE64.
The BASE64 Algorithm.
Appendix D. Bearer-Channel Keying Material.
Index. 0201728273T04232001
Preface
We live in interesting times, especially in the telecommunications industry. The ubiquity of cellphones, deregulation, voice mail (a double-edged sword if ever there was one), cheap long-distance phone service, direct international dialing, broadband access, always-on access to the Internet--the list of recent fundamental changes in the way that telecommunications impact ordinary consumers could probably extend over several paragraphs. Despite the many changes that have occurred, there seems no reason to believe that the flood of new services will not continue for at least the next half decade, and probably longer.
This book describes a brand new communications technology that is in the process of moving from small-scale trials to full national deployment.
Starting in the late 1990s, consumers have become acquainted with the notion of broadband access to the Internet. The two principal methods used to provide this high-speed access are cable modems, which send their traffic through the same cable as is used to supply cable television, and variants of a technology known as DSL (Digital Subscriber Line), which works over ordinary telephone lines.
The cable and telephone companies are in a race to provide the dominant technology (either cable modem or DSL, respectively) that will provide broadband Internet access to homes. Especially in the United States, cable modem technology has maintained an early lead over DSL, in part because most cable modems use standardized technology whereas DSL technology has (so far) been hampered by the lack of a single, pervasive standard.
DSL does have one tremendous advantage, though. A DSL line can be used simultaneously to provide broadband Internet access and to place (and receive) ordinary phone calls. Until now, cable modems have provided only the first of these features. This book addresses the mechanism by which the cable companies have chosen to provide true digital telephony over the cable access network using ordinary cable modems.
The technology is known generically as Packet Cable Telephony. The particular implementation that we discuss is the result of several years of cooperative effort by cable television operators and vendors of networking and telephony equipment. Known as PacketCable™, all of the major cable companies have stated that they intend to deploy large-scale PacketCable networks in the course of the next few years.
In this book, we provide a detailed explanation of how PacketCable works. The author's intention is to provide a "one-stop" book on PacketCable for graduate students, implementers, managers and anyone else interested in understanding how a complete, functional telephony network can be built from scratch using IP (Internet Protocol) technology running over a shared access medium. This (unfortunately for the author) is a nontrivial task.
The PacketCable specifications alone run close to a thousand pages. The specifications for other technologies that are required in the network (such as the various Internet Protocol standards and the cable modem DOCSIS standards) are roughly the same length. The problem then is obvious: How can one summarize a couple of thousand pages of dense, technical documentation in a way that is simultaneously accurate, thorough and comprehensible? Clearly, something has to give.
The author has attempted to explain in some detail each of the important parts of the technology. Individual chapters are dedicated to the various principles on which PacketCable is built. The intention is that a reader with little background in either networking or telephony should be able to read a chapter--possibly in conjunction with Chapter 1 or Chapter 2--and come away with a solid understanding of exactly how PacketCable handles the particular issues discussed in that chapter.
What we do not discuss are many of the extreme cases, exceptions and detailed requirements placed on equipment by the specifications. The specifications expend a lot of effort ensuring that PacketCable equipment manufactured by vendor A is guaranteed to interoperate correctly with similar equipment manufactured by vendor B. And, in a few cases (although as infrequently as possible), we simply punt: If a feature is particularly complicated and not sufficiently central to the basic theme of explaining PacketCable, we sometimes either avoid it completely or mention it and refer the reader directly to the specifications. Usually only an implementor would be interested in such details, and an implementor should be reading the original specifications in conjunction with this book anyway.
Which brings us to the subject of the market for this book. We just mentioned three likely markets: graduate students, managers and implementors.
We anticipate that graduates working in the fields of advanced networking and telecommunications will find here a thorough explanation of the many issues (and the chosen solutions) facing anyone wishing to design a large-scale, commercially deployable digital telephony network using modern technology and protocols. Managers in the telecommunications industry will find the book useful because it encompasses the entire network. Managers need to understand the "big picture," which is provided in the first couple of chapters of the book, as well as the beginning portions of each of the remaining chapters.
For the implementor, this book is intended to provide an in-depth contextual reference for the PacketCable and other specifications. Implementors are usually concerned with the "small picture," and often this is at the expense of a good understanding of the context in which the implementor is working. Before plunging into the details of one or other of the specifications, this book is useful for providing an explanation of the specifications in ordinary words (well, mostly ordinary words), as well as providing a picture of how all the specifications fit together to define a functioning network.
I recommend reading Chapter 1 even if you have acquired this book for some of the technical material in one of the later chapters. Chapter 1 provides, among other things, an overview of the PacketCable architecture and an introduction to most of the common PacketCable devices. Also, if when skipping around you come across a term that you do not recognize, don't forget that there's a comprehensive glossary in Appendix A.
The organization of most of the chapters follows a model in which detailed information about the format of messages is provided before the higher-level picture that shows how the messages fit together to perform a useful purpose. Although this is an order of presentation that this author prefers, some people may feel uncomfortable with this approach and may prefer to skip forward to obtain a good grasp of the message flows before returning to understand exactly what is in the various messages. Feel free to skip around: It's your book, and you're entitled to use it in whatever way works for you.
The author would like to express his thanks to all who helped this book come to fruition. The author had the pleasure of working with many intelligent and knowledgeable technical architects in various PacketCable Focus Teams. Any list would be bound to miss someone, so I simply say a big "Thank you" to all.
A few people responded to specific questions while the book was being written. I would particularly like to thank Bill Marshall of AT&T Research and Flemming Andreasen, orginally of Telcordia and now with Cisco Systems, both of whom have probably forgotten more about PacketCable than any other person will ever know. Bill Kostka of CableLabs responded promptly and effectively to my DOCSIS questions, and Sasha Medvinsky of General Instruments (now Motorola) clarified several issues related to security.
CableLabs supplies liaison members to the PacketCable Focus Teams, and I would like to explicitly thank those people who fulfilled that role on the teams of which I was a member in the period that the PacketCable 1.0 specifications were being written: Ed Miller (Distributed Call Signaling), Andrew Sundelin (Dynamic Quality of Service), Glenn Russell (Dynamic Quality of Service), Chet Birger (Security), Jean Chess (Security) and Nancy Davoust (PacketCable Electronic Surveillance Protocol).
Thank you to Lucent Cable Communications in general and Jane Gambill, Marty Glapa and Rich Gitlin in particular for allowing me to represent Lucent at CableLabs. Thank you also to SecureCable, Inc. for allowing me the time to complete this book while representing them on PacketCable 1.x Focus Teams.
I wish to thank the various people at Addison-Wesley who helped make this book possible. The technical reviewers were Paul Obeda, Neil Olsen, Khaled Amer, Andrew Valentine, Don Stanwyck, Al Vonkeman, Laura Knapp, Dan Pitt and John J. Brassil. To them go my thanks for pointing out many places where the original text left something to be desired (including, sometimes, accuracy). Special thanks go to my editor, Stephane Thomas, for being such a pleasant person to communicate with on the phone and via e-mail. Thanks also to the people behind the scenes at the production department who had a hand in turning this from a word-processed document into a real book.
Thank you especially to the cable companies for seeing the need for, and supporting, PacketCable.
And, finally, a few words of blatant self-promotion. Writing a technical book is interesting, but hardly fun. One day I hope to escape the hurly-burly of real life and "retire" to write novels full-time instead of merely as time allows. In the Bad Old Days of last year, getting a novel published was much harder than publishing a technical book. After many "very-nearly-almost" acceptances by big New York publishers, I became disenchanted with the whole idea of spending several months writing a novel only to discover that every publisher had a different reason for rejecting it.
With the advent of Print-On-Demand technology, which allows publishers to print books one at a time as orders come in, my novels are now being made available. Please check out http://www.sff.net/people/N7DR/drevans.htp for details.
- D. R. Evans
- President, D. R. Evans Consulting, Inc.
- September, 2000
- N7DR@arrl.net
- President, D. R. Evans Consulting, Inc.
0201728273P04232001
Index
-
@ (at sign), 151
- : (colon), 151
- / (forward slash), 187
- - (hyphen), 183, 184, 245
- - (minus sign), 166
- + (plus sign), 166
- ; (semicolon), 155
- AAD variable, 192
- Access control, basic description of, 33
- Accessing_Element_ID attribute, 461, 462, 463, 464
- Accessing_System_ID attribute, 466, 467
- Accounting_Request message, 436
- Acct-data field, 240
- Acct_Status_Type attribute, 433-437
- Acct_Status_Type format, 433-435
- ACK message, 21, 229, 254, 270-274, 279
- ACK-Required flag, 403
- ActiveQosParameterSet parameter, 128, 129-130
- Activity-Count object parameter, 329, 331
- address field, 245
- address-type field, 245, 246
- ADEV variable, 192
- AdmittedQosParameterSet, 128, 129
- ADSI (Analog Display Services Interface), 155, 172
- ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line), 4-6, 9-10, 515
- AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), 504
- AK (Authorization Key)
- : (colon), 151
- basic description of, 132-139, 516
- BPI+ and, 135-136
- derivation of, 136-137
- BPI+ and, 135-136
-
Algorithm field, 334
- Algorithms. See also Codecs; specific algorithms
- cryptographic, 34-36
- new, 504
- specific, basic description of, 49-78
- new, 504
-
Allocated state, 320
- AM (Amplitude Modulation), 87, 89-90
- American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII). See ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
- Anonymity, 217, 232, 282-283
- Anonymous call reject, 232
- Answering machines, 232
- Answering_Party_ID attribute, 461
- Answer message, 454, 460-461
- AP Reply, 399-400, 401, 407
- ARC-FOUR, 504
- ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), 21, 90, 92, 421, 545
- AM (Amplitude Modulation), 87, 89-90
- basic description of, 515
- BCID and, 410
- bearer-channel keying material and, 549
- command formats and, 149
- Key Derivation Function and, 200-201
- piggybacking messages and, 193
- printable characters, 187, 415, 417, 418, 419
- provisioning mechanisms and, 412, 415, 417, 418, 419
- QoS and, 335-336, 338
- Rekey message and, 406
- responses and, 174
- SIP messaging and, 234, 238
- BCID and, 410
-
ASN.1 notation, 65, 454-457, 515
- AT&T (American Telephone & Telegraph), 1-2, 225, 227, 507, 511
- At sign (@), 151
- Attacks
- AT&T (American Telephone & Telegraph), 1-2, 225, 227, 507, 511
- classes of, 27-29
- denial of service, 28-29
- invasion of privacy, 29
- reply, 37
- theft of service, 28
- denial of service, 28-29
- Attributes (listed by name)
- Accessing_Element_ID attribute, 461, 462, 463, 464
- Accessing_System_ID attribute, 466, 467
- Acct_Status_Type attribute, 433-437
- Answering_Party_ID attribute, 461
- Called_Party_ID attribute, 464, 467
- Called_Party_Number attribute, 424, 426
- Call_ID attribute, 461, 462, 463, 464, 466, 467
- Calling_Party_ID attribute, 464, 467
- Calling_Party_Number attribute, 424, 426
- Call_Termination_Cause attribute, 426, 430
- Carrier_Identification_Code attribute, 424, 429, 450, 451
- Case_ID attribute, 461, 463, 464, 466, 467
- CCC_ID attribute, 452, 462, 463
- Charge_Number attribute, 426, 430
- Database_ID attribute, 425
- Direction_Indicator attribute, 424, 425, 427, 430, 431
- Electronic_Surveillance_DF_Security attribute, 450, 451
- Electronic_Surveillance_Indication attribute, 449, 450
- Event_Time attribute, 461, 462, 464, 466, 467
- First_Call_Calling_Party_Number attribute, 426
- Forwarded_Number attribute, 428
- Header attribute, 424, 425, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431
- Location_Routing_Number attribute, 430
- MTA_Endpoint_Name attribute, 424, 425
- MTA_UDP_Portnum attribute, 427, 431
- New_Call_ID attribute, 466
- Originating_SDP attribute, 462, 463
- QoS_Descriptor attribute, 427, 431
- QoS_Stop attribute, 411, 427, 451-452
- Query_Type attribute, 425
- Redirected_From_Info attribute, 450, 467
- Redirected_From_Party_ID attribute, 466
- Redirected_From_Party_Number attribute
- Redirected_To_Party_Number attribute, 450
- Redirected_to_Party_ID attribute, 466
- Related_Call_Billing_Correlation_ID attribute, 426
- Returned_Number attribute, 425
- Routing_Number attribute, 429, 430, 426
- Second_Call_Calling_Party_Number attribute, 426
- Service_Name attribute, 426, 428
- SF_ID attribute, 427
- Surveillance_Indication attribute, 449
- Terminating_DSP attribute, 462, 463
- Time_Adjustment attribute, 431
- Transit_Carrier_ID attribute, 465, 466
- Translation_Input attribute, 450, 465
- Trunk_Group_ID attribute, 424, 429
- User_Input attribute, 450, 465
- Accessing_System_ID attribute, 466, 467
-
Attributes parameter, 244, 247-249
- AUCX (AuditConnection) command, 148, 153, 181-182
- AUEP (AuditEndpoint) command, 148, 153, 177, 181
- Authentication
- AUCX (AuditConnection) command, 148, 153, 181-182
- attributes and, 188
- basic description of, 33, 516
- call signaling and, 155, 188
- of CMs, 134-135
- codes, 60-62
- IKE and, 48-49
- nonces and, 37
- RADIUS protocol and, 432
- basic description of, 33, 516
-
Authenticator field, 433
- Authent Info message, 139
- Auth Invalid message, 139
- Authorization
- Authent Info message, 139
- basic description of, 516
- QoS and, 294-298
-
Authorization Request message, 134
- Authorized envelope, 318
- Authorized state, 294-298, 321
- Auth Reject message, 139
- Auth Reply message, 139
- Auth Request message, 139
- Auto-Commit flag, 318, 319-320, 321
- BAF (Bellcore Automatic Message Accounting Format), 416
- Bandplans, 8
- Bandwidth parameter, 184-185, 244, 246-247
- BASE64 encoding, 187, 249
- Authorized envelope, 318
- basic description of, 516, 545-548
- DCS and, 249, 257, 258, 275
- Baseline Privacy Key Management (BPKM) protocol, 55, 107, 131
- basic description of, 132-139
- message formats, 138-139
-
Basic Encoding Rules (BER), 455, 456
- BCID (Billing Correlation ID), 335, 410, 412, 427-428, 517
- Bearer channel security, 195-205, 549-550
- Bellcore, 416, 486
- Bellcore Automatic Message Accounting Format (BAF), 416
- BER (Basic Encoding Rules), 455, 456
- Berners-Lee, Tim, 2-3
- Best Effort Service Flow, 127
- Billing Correlation ID (BCID), 335, 410, 412, 427-428, 517
- BLV (Busy Line Verify) service, 239, 280-282
- BCID (Billing Correlation ID), 335, 410, 412, 427-428, 517
- basic description of, 517
- MT package and, 489-492
-
BNF (Backus-Naur Form), 516, 168
- BPI+ (Baseline Privacy Interface Plus), 86, 132
- basic description of, 130-141
- MAC header format and, 102, 140-141
- QoS and, 299
- MAC header format and, 102, 140-141
-
BPI_DOWN message, 140
- BPI_UP message, 140
- BPKM (Baseline Privacy Key Management) protocol, 55, 107, 131
- BPI_UP message, 140
- basic description of, 132-139
- message formats, 138-139
-
BPKM-REQ messages, 107
- BPKM-RSP messages, 107
- Bucket(s)
- BPKM-RSP messages, 107
- basic description of, 304-309
- flowspecs, 309-311
-
Bucket depth value, 309
- Bucket rate value, 309
- Burst Descriptor field, 111-112
- Business issues, 505-512
- Busy Line Verify (Busy Line Verify) service. See also BLV (Busy Line Verify) service
- Busy tone signal, 489, 490
- BYE message, 253, 273, 274
- CA (Call Agent), 146-147, 180, 217-219
- Bucket rate value, 309
- basic description of, 518
- call flow and, 210-215
- clustered, 191-192
- DCS and, 227-229, 260
- digit maps and, 168
- key management and, 206
- ResponseAck parameter and, 164
- RTP packets and, 199-200
- three-way calling and, 221-224
- call flow and, 210-215
- Cable access networks. See also CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System); PacketCable project
- basic description of, 79-141
- DOCSIS protocol layers and, 87-118
- downstream synchronization and, 83
- establishing IP connectivity for, 85
- initialization and, 82-86
- obtaining upstream parameters for, 83
- ranging and, 83-85
- registering process and, 86
- synchronizing time of day for, 85-86
- transferring operational parameters for, 86
- upstream transmission and, 98-99
- DOCSIS protocol layers and, 87-118
-
Cable Laboratories, 13-14, 438. See also PacketCable project
- cablemodem.com, 81, 390
- Cable modems (CMs). See also cable access networks; PacketCable project
- cablemodem.com, 81, 390
- authentication and, 134-135
- basic description of, 79, 517
- BPI+ and, 131, 139-140
- BPKM and, 132-139
- contention resolution and, 118-121
- DOCSIS specifications and, 79-82
- downstream data flow through, 99-100
- MAC layer and, 100-108, 118, 121-125
- power-on initialization and, 389-408
- provisioning mechanisms and, 398-404
- ranging and, 84, 112
- Reed-Solomon Forward Error Correction and, 98
- Service Flows and, 126
- synchronizing time of day and, 85-86
- transferring operational parameters and, 86
- X.509 certificates and, 139-140
- basic description of, 79, 517
- Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS), 24, 55, 86, 284
- basic description of, 17, 518
- BPI+ and, 131, 132
- BPKM and, 132-139
- call waiting and, 218
- contention resolution and, 118-121, 124-125
- DOCSIS specifications and, 79-82
- DQoS and, 170-172
- DSC signaling and, 264, 266, 268
- electronic surveillance and, 448-449, 451, 454, 467, 469-470
- event messages and, 409
- initialization and, 82-86
- internetworking with PSTNs and, 496
- MAC layer and, 100-108
- MAP messages and, 115, 118-125
- port numbers, 276
- provisioning mechanisms and, 419, 420, 432
- QoS and, 125-130, 289-298, 316-337, 345, 350-351, 359-363, 371, 431
- ranging and, 84-85, 112-114
- registering process and, 86
- Service Flows and, 126-127
- SIP messaging and, 237
- SYNC messages and, 109-110
- synchronizing time of day and, 85-86
- TEKs and, 137-138
- time slices and, 97
- UCDs and, 83
- upstream transmission and, 99
- BPI+ and, 131, 132
- CALEA (Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act), 438-449, 510-512, 520
- call signaling and, 448-449
- compliance with, 445-446
- framework, 441-444
- compliance with, 445-446
- Call(s). See also call signaling
- blocking, 233, 425-426
- forwarding, 233, 238-239, 258, 417, 425-426, 519
- interrupt, 233
- queuing, 233
- return, 235, 417, 425-426
- simultaneous, 232
- state, maintenance of, 144
- three-way, 220-224, 258
- waiting, 217-219, 417, 425-426
- forwarding, 233, 238-239, 258, 417, 425-426, 519
-
Call_Answer message, 411, 429-430, 452
- Call Content wiretap, 239, 440-441
- Call_Disconnect message, 411, 430, 452-453, 471
- Called_Party_ID attribute, 464, 467
- Called_Party_Number attribute, 424, 426
- Called-Party-Number field, 335-336
- Caller ID, 216-217, 257-258, 260, 264-265, 475
- Caller-Number field, 236
- Caller-Type field, 236
- Call_ID attribute, 461, 462, 463, 464, 466, 467
- Call-ID: header, 243-244
- CallID parameter, 152, 177
- Calling_Party_ID attribute, 464, 467
- Calling_Party_Number attribute, 424, 426
- Call signaling, 284, 376. See also DCS (Distributed Call Signaling); NCS (Network-Based Call Signaling)
- Call Content wiretap, 239, 440-441
- basic description of, 143-224, 518
- electronic surveillance and, 448-453
- encoding session descriptions for, 182-194
- event packages and, 172-173
- internetworking with PSTNs and, 476-480
- message transmission and, 190-192
- MGCP and, 145-182
- electronic surveillance and, 448-453
-
Call_Termination_Cause attribute, 426, 430
- Capabilities parameter, 152, 177
- Carrier_Identification_Code attribute, 424, 429, 450, 451
- Case_ID attribute, 461, 463, 464, 466, 467
- Case-sensitivity, of commands, 150
- CBC (Cipher Block Chaining) mode, 56, 519
- CBR (Constant Bit Rate), 303, 312-313, 520
- CCC (Call Content Connection) interface, 467-471, 518
- CCChange message, 454, 461-462
- CCC_ID attribute, 452, 462, 463
- CCClose message, 454, 462
- CCOpen message, 454, 463, 470
- CCC-Port field, 422
- CDC (Call Data Connection), 422, 453-457, 518
- CDC-Port field, 422
- CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2, 518
- Certificates, digital, 41-43, 522
- Capabilities parameter, 152, 177
- hierarchy of, 66-67, 139-140
- revocation of, 76-77
- root, 66-70
- revocation of, 76-77
-
CF (Collection Function), 448, 470, 519
- CFNA (Call Forward No Answer) feature, 238-239, 519
- Charged-Number field, 336
- Charge_Number attribute, 426, 430
- CIC (Carrier Identification Code), 417, 479, 480, 519
- CID (Circuit Identity), 479, 519
- Ciphers. See also algorithms; ciphersuites
- CFNA (Call Forward No Answer) feature, 238-239, 519
- basic description of, 54-60
- block, 54
- stream, 54
- block, 54
- Ciphersuite(s). See also ciphers
- basic description of, 519
- identifiers, 132
- lists, 407
- provisioning mechanisms and, 401, 402, 407
- identifiers, 132
- Circuit IDs
- identification codes for, 479, 519
- registration of, 476-477
-
Circuit-switched technology, 18
- Class 5 switches, 509-511
- Classes, of attack, 27-29
- CLIENT-ACCEPT message, 349
- CLIENT-ACCESS message, 348
- CLIENT-OPEN message, 348
- Client/server model, 432
- ClientSI header, 346
- Client-type field, 326, 343, 346
- CMs (cable modems). See also cable access networks; PacketCable project
- Class 5 switches, 509-511
- authentication and, 134-135
- basic description of, 79, 517
- BPI+ and, 131, 139-140
- BPKM and, 132-139
- contention resolution and, 118-121
- DOCSIS specifications and, 79-82
- downstream data flow through, 99-100
- MAC layer and, 100-108, 118, 121-125
- power-on initialization and, 389-408
- provisioning mechanisms and, 398-404
- ranging and, 84, 112
- Reed-Solomon Forward Error Correction and, 98
- Service Flows and, 126
- synchronizing time of day and, 85-86
- transferring operational parameters and, 86
- X.509 certificates and, 139-140
- basic description of, 79, 517
-
CMS (Call Management Server), 17-18, 23-24, 146
- basic description of, 518
- BCID and, 410
- business issues and, 508, 510-511
- calls utilizing more than one, 501-502
- DCS and, 260, 261, 284
- digit maps and, 166-169
- electronic surveillance and, 448-454, 469
- event messages and, 409
- internetworking with PSTNs and, 476-478, 480, 492
- Kerberos and, 45-46
- new specifications and, 501-502
- provisioning mechanisms and, 423-424, 428-430, 436
- QoS and, 292-294, 298-299
- business issues and, 508, 510-511
-
CMS (Cryptographic Message Syntax), 47, 405-408, 520
- CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System), 24, 55, 86, 284
- basic description of, 17, 518
- BPI+ and, 131, 132
- BPKM and, 132-139
- call waiting and, 218
- contention resolution and, 118-121, 124-125
- DOCSIS specifications and, 79-82
- DQoS and, 170-172
- DSC signaling and, 264, 266, 268
- electronic surveillance and, 448-449, 451, 454, 467, 469-470
- event messages and, 409
- initialization and, 82-86
- internetworking with PSTNs and, 496
- MAC layer and, 100-108
- MAP messages and, 115, 118-125
- port numbers, 276
- provisioning mechanisms and, 419, 420, 432
- QoS and, 125-130, 289-298, 316-337, 345, 350-351, 359-363, 371, 431
- ranging and, 84-85, 112-114
- registering process and, 86
- Service Flows and, 126-127
- SIP messaging and, 237
- SYNC messages and, 109-110
- synchronizing time of day and, 85-86
- TEKs and, 137-138
- time slices and, 97
- UCDs and, 83
- upstream transmission and, 99
- BPI+ and, 131, 132
-
CMTS IP address field, 333-334
- CMTS-Port field, 334
- CN field, 70
- C-Num field, 326-327, 343, 346
- Coax, 5-9. See also cable access networks; HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coax)
- Codec(s)
- CMTS-Port field, 334
- basic description of, 519
- bearer channel security and, 202-206
- call signaling and, 154-156, 186, 202-206, 221-222
- changes, mid-call, 276-279
- new, 503-504
- QoS and, 300-304
- three-way calling and, 221-222
- bearer channel security and, 202-206
-
Colon (:), 151
- Code field, 138, 432
- Command(s). See also Commands (listed by name)
- Code field, 138, 432
- format of, 149-166
- headers, 147-166
- NCS, 147-166
- parameters, 151-166
- responses, 174-182
- headers, 147-166
- Commands (listed by name). See also Commands
- AUCX (AuditConnection) command, 148, 153, 181-182
- AUEP (AuditEndpoint) command, 148, 153, 177, 181
- CRCX (CreateConnection) command, 148, 149, 153, 178-179, 193, 206-208, 210, 214, 223, 492
- DLCX (DeleteConnection) command, 148, 151, 153, 180, 224, 423-424
- egrep command, 168
- MDCX (ModifyConnection) command, 148, 149, 153, 161, 163, 179-180, 193, 209, 214, 216, 218, 221, 223
- NTFY (Notify) command, 148-149, 153, 166-167, 180, 206, 214-215
- RQNT (NotificationRequest) command, 148, 149, 153, 161-162, 180, 206, 210, 214, 492
- RSIP (RestartInProgress) command, 148, 153, 182, 206-209
- AUEP (AuditEndpoint) command, 148, 153, 177, 181
-
COMMIT message, 359-360
- Commit-Not-Allowed flag, 318, 319, 320-321
- Committed Information Rate Service Flow, 127
- Committed state, 294-298, 321, 350
- Common Open Policy Service (COPS), 21, 322-338, 520
- Commit-Not-Allowed flag, 318, 319, 320-321
- connection, initialization of, 348-349
- header formats, 325-329
- messages, 325-329, 340, 342-348
- protocol operation and, 339-391
- header formats, 325-329
-
Concatenation Header, 104
- conference mode, 156
- Conferencing, in-home, 233
- Confidentiality, 33
- ConfigMax2Enable variable, 382
- Configuration
- conference mode, 156
- files, 394-398
- management, 376
-
Configuration Change Count field, 110-111
- connection-address field, 246
- Connection Data field, 184
- Connection Data parameter, 244, 245-246
- ConnectionID parameter, 156
- ConnectionIDs, 156, 177, 179, 207-209
- ConnectionMode parameter, 156, 177
- ConnectionParameters parameter, 157, 177
- Contact: header, 243-244
- Content-Length: header, 243-244
- Content-Type: header, 243-244
- Contention
- connection-address field, 246
- minislots, 84, 119-120
- resolution, 118-121, 124-125
-
Contents field, 343, 346
- Control field, 107
- COPS (Common Open Policy Service), 21, 322-338, 520
- Control field, 107
- connection, initialization of, 348-349
- header formats, 325-329
- messages, 325-329, 340, 342-348
- protocol operation and, 339-391
- header formats, 325-329
-
CPUs (central processing units), 60, 295, 300
- CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
- basic description of, 521, 543-544
- cable access networks and, 103, 104, 108
- MAC and, 108
- cable access networks and, 103, 104, 108
-
CRC field, 104
- CRCX (CreateConnection) command, 148, 149, 153, 178-179, 193
- internetworking with PSTNs and, 492
- key management and, 206-208
- NCS call flow and, 210, 214
- three-way calling and, 223
- key management and, 206-208
-
Credits, use of the term, 304
- CRLF (Carriage Return/Line Feed) pairs, 149, 174, 520
- Cryptography. See also encryption; specific algorithms
- CRLF (Carriage Return/Line Feed) pairs, 149, 174, 520
- basic description of, 33-38
- conventional, 44-45
- digital certificates and, 41-43
- digital signatures and, 40-41
- IPsec and, 50-51
- conventional, 44-45
-
CSeq: header, 243-244
- C-Type field, 327, 343, 346
- Customer premise equipment, 10-13
- DA (Destination address) field, 103, 106, 108
- Data Acknowledge IE, 123
- Database_ID attribute, 425
- Database_Query message, 411, 425
- Databases, 24, 411, 425. See also LNP (Local Number Portability) database
- Data Grant IE, 123
- Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications (DOCSIS)
- C-Type field, 327, 343, 346
- basic description of, 42, 79-82, 500, 512
- cable modem initialization, 389-408
- DES and, 55
- DQoS and, 170-171, 299-300
- electronic surveillance and, 471
- flowspecs and, 311-314
- MAC and, 102-103, 109
- MAP message and, 121-125
- modulation schemes and, 94-96
- protocol layers, 86-117
- provisioning mechanisms and, 394, 389-408, 419
- QoS and, 290, 291, 295, 299-300, 311-314
- Radio Frequency Interface specification, 389-390
- Real Time Polling, 313
- time slices and, 96-97
- TLV (Type-Length-Value) encoding and, 110-111
- cable modem initialization, 389-408
- DCS (Distributed Call Signaling), 14-15, 241. See also Call signaling
- architecture, 227
- basic description of, 225-285, 522
- call flow for, 228-229
- electronic surveillance and, 464
- establishing a connection with, 254-274
- extensions, 257
- features, implementing, 275-283
- intelligent MTAs and, 230-234
- internetworking with PSTNs and, 480, 492
- NCS versus, 511-512
- personal privacy and, 283-285
- Proxy, 259-263, 267, 269, 271, 275, 424
- QoS and, 294, 298-299
- retransmission strategy and, 252-254
- Session Description parameters, 244-249
- signaling, details of, 250-285
- SIP and, 234-249
- tearing down calls and, 274-275
- timers, 252-254
- trusted domains and, 230
- basic description of, 225-285, 522
-
Dcs-Also: header, 238-239
- Dcs-Anonymity: header, 236-237, 276
- Dcs-Billing-ID: header, 241, 264
- Dcs-Billing-Info: header, 239-241, 262, 264, 268
- Dcs-Caller: header, 235-236, 260, 264-265
- Dcs-Gate: header, 237, 262, 264, 268, 270
- Dcs-Osps: header, 239, 251
- Dcs-Replaces: header, 239, 276
- Dcs-State: header, 237-238
- Decision Header object, 342
- DECISION message, 349
- Decryption. See also encryption
- Dcs-Anonymity: header, 236-237, 276
- BPI+ and, 131
- in CBC mode, 56
- DES and, 55-58
- digital signatures and, 40-41
- provisioning mechanisms and, 303
- of RTP packets, 202-206
- in CBC mode, 56
-
Demarcation point, 447
- Denial of service attacks, 28-29
- Department of Justice, 443
- DER (Distinguished Encoding Rules), 401, 455, 522
- DES (Data Encryption Standard) algorithm, 54-58, 521. See also Triple DES (3DES)
- Destination IP Address field, 332
- Destination Port field, 332
- DetectEvents parameter, 158, 170, 177
- DF (Delivery Function), 422, 447-454, 460, 467-471, 521
- DF-Address field, 422
- DF-DF-Key field, 422
- DF-IP-Address-for-CDC field, 337
- DF-Port-for-CDC field, 337
- DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), 85, 86, 390
- Denial of service attacks, 28-29
- provisioning mechanisms and, 374
- obtaining IP connectivity information with, 391-392
- power-on initialization and, 389-408
- obtaining IP connectivity information with, 391-392
-
DHCPDISCOVER message, 391
- DHCPOFFER message, 391, 393
- DHCPREQUEST message, 392
- Diffie, Whitfield, 39
- Diffserv network, 323
- Digital certificates, 41-43, 522
- DHCPOFFER message, 391, 393
- hierarchy of, 66-67, 139-140
- revocation of, 76-77
- root, 66-70
- revocation of, 76-77
-
Digital signatures, 40-41
- Digit collection, 143
- Digit map, 23, 143, 166-169, 481, 522
- DigitMap parameter, 158, 177
- Diplexers, 9
- Direction field, 331
- Direction_Indicator attribute, 424, 425, 427, 430, 431
- Distributed Call Signaling (DCS), 14-15, 241. See also Call signaling
- Digit collection, 143
- architecture, 227
- basic description of, 225-285, 522
- call flow for, 228-229
- electronic surveillance and, 464
- establishing a connection with, 254-274
- extensions, 257
- features, implementing, 275-283
- intelligent MTAs and, 230-234
- internetworking with PSTNs and, 480, 492
- NCS versus, 511-512
- personal privacy and, 283-285
- Proxy, 259-263, 267, 269, 271, 275, 424
- QoS and, 294, 298-299
- retransmission strategy and, 252-254
- Session Description parameters, 244-249
- signaling, details of, 250-285
- SIP and, 234-249
- tearing down calls and, 274-275
- timers, 252-254
- trusted domains and, 230
- basic description of, 225-285, 522
-
Distinctive ringing, 232
- DLCX (DeleteConnection) command, 148, 151, 153, 180, 224, 423-424
- DOCSIS (Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications)
- DLCX (DeleteConnection) command, 148, 151, 153, 180, 224, 423-424
- basic description of, 42, 79-82, 500, 512
- cable modem initialization, 389-408
- DES and, 55
- DQoS and, 170-171, 299-300
- electronic surveillance and, 471
- flowspecs and, 311-314
- MAC and, 102-103, 109
- MAP message and, 121-125
- modulation schemes and, 94-96
- protocol layers, 86-117
- provisioning mechanisms and, 394, 389-408, 419
- QoS and, 290, 291, 295, 299-300, 311-314
- Radio Frequency Interface specification, 389-390
- Real Time Polling, 313
- time slices and, 96-97
- TLV (Type-Length-Value) encoding and, 110-111
- cable modem initialization, 389-408
-
DoJ (Department of Justice), 443
- Domains. See also FQDNs (Fully Qualified Domain Names)
- basic description of, 501
- new specifications and, 501-502
- trusted, 230, 236
- new specifications and, 501-502
-
DOSA (Distributed Open Systems Architecture), 226-227, 522
- Downstream channel ID, 111, 113
- Downstream Channel ID field, 111
- Downstream synchronization, 83
- DP (DCS-Proxy), 227-230, 260-280
- Downstream channel ID, 111, 113
- mid-call codec changes and, 278-279
- provisioning mechanisms and, 424
- trusted domains and, 230
- provisioning mechanisms and, 424
-
DPC (Destination Point Codes), 480, 521
- DQoS (Dynamic Quality of Service), 159, 218. See also QoS (Quality of Service)
- basic description of, 287-288
- customer expectations and, 292
- DOCSIS and, 299-300
- DSC signaling and, 262, 267-269
- error codes, 336
- gates and, 146, 292-293, 321, 359-371
- internetworking with PSTNs and, 481
- INVITE message and, 235
- mid-call codec changes and, 277
- NCS and, 170-172
- operator expectations and, 292
- protocol operation and, 339-391
- responses to CRCX and, 178-179
- RSVP and, 291
- two-stage commitment and, 298
- customer expectations and, 292
-
DS1 interface, 482
- DS3 interface, 482
- DSA-ACK message, 107, 126, 319
- DSAP (Destination Service Access Point) field, 106
- DSA-REQ message, 107, 126, 128-129, 300, 313-320
- DSA-RSP message, 107, 126
- DSC-ASK message, 107
- DSCP (DiffServe Code Point), 522
- DSC-REQ message, 107, 126, 300, 313-314, 362
- DSC-RSP message, 107, 126
- DSD-RSP message, 107
- DSL (Digital Subscriber Line), 4-5, 512
- DSP (Digital Signal Processing), 522
- DTMF signaling, 203, 302-303
- Dynamic payload mappings, 190
- Dynamic Service Addition, 126
- Dynamic Service Flows, 128-130. See also Service Flows
- ECB (Electronic Codebook), 56
- Echo cancellation flags, 154
- eContent field, 47
- eContentType field, 47
- EDE mode, 56
- EFF (Electronic Frontier Foundation), 55, 442, 443
- egrep command, 168
- EHDR (Extended Header) field, 102, 103, 106, 140-141
- EI (Emergency Interrupt), 239, 280-282, 489-492
- Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF). See EFF (Electronic Frontier Foundation)
- Electronic surveillance
- DS3 interface, 482
- architecture, 446-448
- basic description of, 437-472
- call signaling and, 448-453
- CALEA and, 438-448
- CCC (Call Content Connection) interface and, 467-471
- Class 5 switches and, 510-511
- complications regarding, 471-472
- types of, 349-441
- basic description of, 437-472
-
Electronic_Surveillance_DF_Security attribute, 450, 451
- Electronic_Surveillance_Indication attribute, 449, 450
- Electronic-Surveillance-Parameters object, 329, 337
- Element Identifier field, 412
- Element Type field, 412
- ENABLE field, 141
- Encryption. See also Algorithms; Decryption
- Electronic_Surveillance_Indication attribute, 449, 450
- BPI+ and, 131-141
- call signaling and, 159, 185, 188, 199-206
- DES and, 55-58
- IPsec and, 50-51
- of KEKs, 136-137
- new algorithms for, 504
- provisioning mechanisms and, 401, 404
- of RTP packets, 199-206
- session descriptions and, 185, 188
- SIP messaging and, 235
- of TEKs, 137-138
- call signaling and, 159, 185, 188, 199-206
-
Encryption Keys parameter, 244, 247
- Error-code field, 348, 355
- Errors, 137, 385-386
- Error-code field, 348, 355
- gate coordination and, 355-356
- QoS and, 336, 348, 355-356
-
Error-sub-code field, 348
- Ethernet
- basic description of, 11-12, 524
- downstream data flow and, 100
- electronic surveillance and, 447
- MAC Management messages and, 107
- standard, 11
- downstream data flow and, 100
-
Event Message Identifier field, 412
- Event messages
- basic description of, 408-410
- contents of, 423-437
- format of, 412-423
- types of, 410-437
- contents of, 423-437
-
Event-Generation-Info field, 334-335, 369
- Event-Generation-Info object, 329
- Event Object field, 414
- Event packages, 172-173, 481, 483
- Events. See Event messages; Event packages
- EventStates parameter, 177-178
- Event_Time attribute, 461, 462, 464, 466, 467
- Event Time field, 413
- Expansion IE, 123-124
- Expires: header, 243-244
- Fault management, 375
- FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), 30, 440, 443
- FC (Frame Control) field, 102, 105-106
- FCC (Federal Communications Commission), 8-9, 90
- Event-Generation-Info object, 329
- basic description of, 524
- CALEA and, 442
-
FEC parity bits, 98-99
- Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). See FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)
- Federal Communications Commission (FCC). See FCC (Federal Communications Commission)
- Fiber (distribution) nodes, 8
- Fiber to the Home (FTTH) technology, 512-513
- Fields (listed by name)
- Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). See FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)
- Acct-data field, 240
- address field, 245
- address-type field, 245, 246
- Algorithm field, 334
- Authenticator field, 433
- Burst Descriptor field, 111-112
- Called-Party-Number field, 335-336
- Caller-Number field, 236
- Caller-Type field, 236
- CCC-Port field, 422
- CDC-Port field, 422
- Charged-Number field, 336
- Client-type field, 326, 343, 346
- CMTS IP address field, 333-334
- CMTS-Port field, 334
- CN field, 70
- C-Num field, 326-327, 343, 346
- Code field, 138, 432
- Configuration Change Count field, 110-111
- connection-address field, 246
- Connection Data field, 184
- Contents field, 343, 346
- Control field, 107
- CRC field, 104
- C-Type field, 327, 343, 346
- DA (Destination address) field, 103, 106, 108
- Destination IP Address field, 332
- Destination Port field, 332
- DF-Address field, 422
- DF-DF-Key field, 422
- DF-IP-Address-for-CDC field, 337
- DF-Port-for-CDC field, 337
- Direction field, 331
- Downstream Channel ID field, 111
- DSAP (Destination Service Access Point) field, 106
- eContent field, 47
- eContentType field, 47
- EHDR (Extended Header) field, 102, 103, 106, 140-141
- Element Identifier field, 412
- Element Type field, 412
- ENABLE field, 141
- Error-code field, 348, 355
- Error-sub-code field, 348
- Event Message Identifier field, 412
- Event-Generation-Info field, 334-335, 369
- Event Object field, 414
- Event Time field, 413
- FC (Frame Control) field, 102, 105-106
- Flags field, 325, 331-332, 334, 335, 337, 345
- Frequency field, 111
- Gate Command Type field, 344, 347
- Gate ID field, 347, 368, 370-371
- Gate-Spec field, 369-370
- Header Check Sequence (HCS) field, 103, 105
- Identifier field, 138, 433
- LEN field, 103, 105, 140, 141
- Length field, 110, 326, 328, 343, 346-347, 353, 433-434
- Location-Routing-Number field, 336
- MAC_PARM field, 102, 105-106
- Maximum Packet Size field, 333
- Media Announcements field, 189, 249
- Message length field, 326, 343, 346, 352
- Message Type field, 352
- Minimum Policed Unit field, 309, 333
- Minislot size field, 111
- msgLen field, 106
- network-type field, 245, 246
- Op-code field, 325, 343, 345
- Origin field, 182-183, 245
- Peak Data Rate field, 333
- Preamble Pattern field, 111
- PR field, 198
- Primary-Record-Keeping-Server-IP-Address field, 334
- Primary-Record-Keeping-Server-Port field, 335
- Priority field, 413
- Protocol ID field, 331
- Protocol version field, 182
- PROV_SNMP_ENTITY field, 392, 393
- Rate field, 333
- Remote-Gate-ID field, 334
- Remote-Gate-Info field, 368
- Reserved field, 332, 335, 337, 353
- Reverse T-spec field, 355
- Routing-Number field, 336
- S-Num field, 328, 344, 347
- S-Type field, 328, 344, 347
- SA (Source address) field, 103, 106
- Secondary-Record-Keeping-Server-IP-Address field, 335
- Secondary-Record-Keeping-Server-Port field, 335
- Security Key field, 334
- Sequence number field, 198, 413
- Session Class field, 332
- session-ID field, 245
- signedAuthPack field, 46-47
- Slack Term field, 333
- snrccomt field, 172
- snrcresv field, 172
- Source IP Address field, 332
- Source Port field, 332
- SSAP (Source Service Access Point) field, 107
- SSRC field, 198
- Status field, 413-414
- Subscriber-ID field, 368, 370-371
- Symbol Rate field, 111
- Time field, 185, 246
- Timestamp field, 198
- TOGGLE field, 141
- Token Bucket Size field, 333
- Token Bucket Rate field, 333
- TOS field, 397
- Transaction Identifier field, 344, 347
- Transaction-ID field, 368, 370-371
- Type field, 108, 110, 140, 353, 354, 434
- Type/Len field, 104
- username field, 245
- Value field, 354, 434
- Version field, 108, 141, 245, 325, 345
- Version Identifier field, 412
- X-pc-codecs field, 187
- address field, 245
-
Filters, 99
- First_Call_Calling_Party_Number attribute, 426
- Flags field, 325, 331-332, 334, 335, 337, 345
- Flowspecs
- First_Call_Calling_Party_Number attribute, 426
- basic description of, 309-311
- DOCSIS and, 311-314
- SDP and, 311-314
- DOCSIS and, 311-314
-
FM (Frequency Modulation), 87
- Forwarded_Number attribute, 428
- Forward slash (/), 187
- FQDNs (Fully Qualified Domain Names), 75, 151, 183
- Forwarded_Number attribute, 428
- basic description of, 524
- DSC signaling and, 256, 262, 268
- identity management and, 375-376
- provisioning mechanisms and, 375-376, 392, 393-394, 396
- session descriptions and, 183
- SIP messaging and, 237
- DSC signaling and, 256, 262, 268
-
Fragmentation Extended Header, 104
- Fragmentation Header, 104
- Frame, use of the term, 307
- Frequency field, 111
- From: header, 235, 243-244
- FTTH (Fiber to the Home) technology, 512-513
- G.711 (PCMU) codec, 156, 247
- Fragmentation Header, 104
- internetworking with PSTNs and, 495
- new specifications and, 503-504
- QoS and, 295, 302, 303, 312
- three-way calling and, 221
- new specifications and, 503-504
-
G.728 codec, 303, 312
- G.729 codec, 155
- G.729E codec, 303, 312
- Gate(s). See also GC (Gate Controller)
- G.729 codec, 155
- allocating, 349
- basic description of, 525
- closing, 350-351
- control messages, 340-342
- coordination, 293, 351-352, 359-371
- creating, 349-350
- deleting, 350-351
- pairs, 293
- QoS and, 292-293, 316-321
- quartets, 293
- querying, 350
- setting, 349-350
- basic description of, 525
-
GATE-ALLOC-ACK message, 330, 340, 365-366, 367
- GATE-ALLOC-ERR message, 330, 340, 355
- GATE-ALLOC message, 330, 340, 342-344, 349, 364-365, 367
- GATE-CLOSE-ACK message, 353, 358, 363, 368, 371
- GATE-CLOSE-ERR message, 358
- GATE-CLOSE message, 351-353, 357, 362-363, 368, 371
- Gate Controller, 267-268
- Gate Command Type field, 344, 347
- Gate ID field, 347, 368, 370-371
- Gate-ID object, 329, 331
- Gate-IDs, 170-172, 276, 293, 316-317, 347-348
- GATE-INFO-ACK message, 330, 341-342
- GATE-INFO message, 330, 341
- GATE-INFO-ERR message, 330, 342, 347, 355
- GATE-OPEN-ACK message, 268, 353, 357, 360-361, 371
- GATE-OPEN-ERR message, 353, 357
- Gate-OPEN message, 316-317, 351-353, 357-361, 367, 371
- GATE-SET-ACK message, 330, 341, 350, 367
- GATE-SET-ERR message, 330, 341, 355
- GATE-SET message, 320, 329-330, 340-341, 349-350, 367, 368, 451, 452, 453
- Gate-Spec field, 369-370
- Gate-spec object, 329, 331-333
- GC (Gate Controller), 227, 260, 292-293, 298-300, 321-324, 345, 348-350, 525
- GetBulkRequest message, 385, 387-388
- GET message, 384
- GetNextRequest message, 385, 387-388
- GetRequest message, 385, 386, 387
- GetResponse message, 385, 387
- GrantsPerInterval parameter, 314
- Hairpinned calls, 239
- Half-calls, 292
- Handle object, 325, 343, 346
- Hashes, 36-38. See also HMAC (Hashed Message Authentication Check)
- algorithms; MMH (Multilinear Modular Hash)
- Header attribute, 424, 425, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431
- Header Check Sequence (HCS) field, 103, 105
- Headers (listed by name)
- GATE-ALLOC-ERR message, 330, 340, 355
- Call-ID: header, 243-244
- ClientSI header, 346
- Concatenation Header, 104
- Contact: header, 243-244
- Content-Length: header, 243-244
- Content-Type: header, 243-244
- CSeq: header, 243-244
- Dcs-Also: header, 238-239
- Dcs-Anonymity: header, 236-237, 276
- Dcs-Billing-ID: header, 241, 264
- Dcs-Billing-Info: header, 239-241, 262, 264, 268
- Dcs-Caller: header, 235-236, 260, 264-265
- Dcs-Gate: header, 237, 262, 264, 268, 270
- Dcs-Osps: header, 239, 251
- Dcs-Replaces: header, 239, 276
- Dcs-State: header, 237-238
- Expires: header, 243-244
- Fragmentation Extended Header, 104
- Fragmentation Header, 104
- From: header, 235, 243-244
- Payload Header Suppression Header, 105
- Proxy-Require: header, 234, 243-244
- Record-Route: header, 243-244, 268, 270
- Request Frame Header, 104, 105
- Require: header, 234, 244
- Route: header, 244
- Service Flow Extended Header, 104
- Timing header, 104
- To: header, 244
- Via: header, 244, 262-269
- ClientSI header, 346
-
Hellman, Martin, 39
- Hertz (Hz), 88
- HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coax), 6-7, 9, 17, 24, 526
- Hertz (Hz), 88
- business issues and, 509
- new specifications and, 507
- QoS and, 287, 289-290
- three-way calling and, 220-224
- new specifications and, 507
- HMAC (Hashed Message Authentication Check) algorithms, 36-38, 62-64
- attributes and, 188
- basic description of, 526
- bearer channel security and, 200-201, 205-206, 549
- key management and, 207
- obtaining TEKs and, 135
- provisioning mechanisms and, 401, 403, 407, 408
- basic description of, 526
-
HMAC_KEY_D message, 137
- HMAC_KEY_U message, 136-137
- Home networks
- HMAC_KEY_U message, 136-137
- basic description of, 10-11
- phone wiring for, 12-13
- power lines and, 12
- phone wiring for, 12-13
-
HomePNA specifications, 12
- Hookflash, 217-219
- Hot-line, 234
- HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), 3
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), 393
- Hyphen (-), 183, 184, 245
- IAPs (Internet Access Points), 446, 448, 471
- Identifier field, 138, 433
- Identity management, 375-376
- IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), 11, 333, 355, 526
- IEs (Information Elements), 117, 121-125
- IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), 14, 339, 476, 499-500, 526
- IKE (Internet Key Exchange), 503-504, 527
- Hookflash, 217-219
- basic description of, 48-49
- RADIUS protocol and, 432
-
Inactive mode, 156
- INFORM message, 392
- InformRequest message, 385, 389
- Initialization
- INFORM message, 392
- basic description of, 82-86
- BPI+, 134-135, 139-140
- cable access networks and, 82-86
- of COPS connections, 348-349
- internetworking with PSTNs and, 476-477
- power-on, 389-408
- upstream transmission and, 99
- BPI+, 134-135, 139-140
-
Initial Maintenance IE, 122-123
- Integrity, of data, 33
- Intelligent call forwarding, 233
- Intelligent_Peripheral_Usage_Start message, 411
- Intelligent_Peripheral_Usage_Stop message, 411
- Interconnect_(Signaling)_Start message, 411, 428
- Interconnect_(Signaling)_Stop message, 411, 428-429
- Internet Drafts, 400-401
- Internet Protocol (IP). See IP (Internet Protocol)
- Intserv network, 323
- Invasion of privacy, 29
- INVITE message, 229, 234-235, 238-241, 250-251, 253-272, 275-282
- IP (Internet Protocol), 19-23, 25-26. See also IPsec
- Integrity, of data, 33
- address field, 345
- anonymity and, 282-283
- basic description of, 527
- business issues and, 509
- cable access networks and, 82, 85, 87
- call signaling and, 144, 158, 172, 189, 191
- connectivity, establishing, 85
- connectivity information, 391-392
- DCS and, 232, 258, 267-271, 282-283
- electronic surveillance and, 438-448, 467, 468
- internetworking with PSTNs and, 476-480, 486
- NAT and, 282-283
- new specifications and, 502, 509-511
- packets, format of, 19-20
- protocol layers and, 87
- provisioning mechanisms and, 374, 391-392, 394, 397, 408
- QoS and, 287-289, 306, 317, 324, 333, 345
- telephony root certificates, 73-74, 77
- three-way calling and, 222
- anonymity and, 282-283
-
ipad string, 63
- IPsec, 48-54, 195-196, 409
- basic description of, 527
- Grace period, 402, 407
- internals, 52-54
- NCS and, 206-209
- new specifications and, 503
- provisioning mechanisms and, 401-403, 407
- QoS and, 299, 309-310, 371
- RADIUS protocol and, 432
- Grace period, 402, 407
-
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), 4-5, 9
- ISO (International Standards Organization), 103, 108, 527
- ISPs (Internet Service Providers)
- ISO (International Standards Organization), 103, 108, 527
- DCS and, 226, 275
- home networks and, 10
-
ISTP (Internet Signaling Transport Protocol), 476, 480, 527
- ISUP (Integrated Services Digital Networks User Part), 476-477, 480, 483-486, 527
- ITU (International Telecommunications Union), 64-65, 302, 479, 499-500
- ISUP (Integrated Services Digital Networks User Part), 476-477, 480, 483-486, 527
- basic description of, 527
- digital certificates and, 42
- PacketCable project and, 14
- digital certificates and, 42
-
IV (Initialization Vector), 57
- Jitter buffers, 304-309
- Jitter parameter, 157
- J-STD-025, 443, 444
- KDC (Kerberos Key Distribution Center), 398-399, 528
- Keep-Alive messages, 349
- KEK (Key Encryption Key)
- basic description of, 79, 528
- BPI+ and, 134
- BPKM and, 133
- BPI+ and, 134
- Kerberos protocol. See also KDC (Kerberos Key Distribution Center)
- basic description of, 528
- PKINIT and, 46
- provisioning mechanisms and, 397-400, 402, 404-405, 408
- Rekey message and, 406
- tickets, 45
- PKINIT and, 46
- Key(s), 34-49, 58-59
- basic description of, 34-38, 528
- BPI+ and, 135-136
- derivation of, 136-137
- management of, 38-49, 206-209
- pre-shared, 39
- BPI+ and, 135-136
-
Key Derivation Function, 200-202
- Key Reject message, 139
- Key Reply message, 137-139
- Key Request message, 139
- KRB_AP_REQ message, 400-402, 408
- KRB_AS_REQ message, 46-47, 77, 399
- Latency parameter, 157
- LDP (Local Decision Point), 322
- Leaf objects, 383
- LEAs (Law Enforcement Agencies), 438-448, 528
- LEN field, 103, 105, 140, 141
- Length field, 110, 326, 328, 343, 346-347, 353, 433-434
- LF (Line Feed) character, 149, 174, 529
- Line Package, 172-173
- LNP (Local Number Portability) database, 243, 478
- Local
- Key Reject message, 139
- bridging, 233
- -Committed state, 321
- system certificates, 74-76
- -Committed state, 321
-
LocalConnectionDescriptor parameter, 177-179, 208
- LocalConnectionOptions parameter, 152-153, 158-159, 177, 206, 208
- Local System Certification Authority, 75-76
- Location_Routing_Number attribute, 430
- Location-Routing-Number field, 336
- LSB (Least Significant Bit), 95-96, 412-413, 418-421
- LocalConnectionOptions parameter, 152-153, 158-159, 177, 206, 208
- basic description of, 529
- Rekey message and, 407
-
- MAC (Media Access Control) layer, 41-42, 70
- basic description of, 100-108, 529
- BPI+ and, 131
- headers, 102-106, 140-141
- Management, 109-117
- MTA and, 70
- QoS and, 300, 313
- registration, 132
- service identifiers and, 109
- SYNC messages and, 109-110
- TLV (Type-Length-Value) encoding and, 110-111
- BPI+ and, 131
-
MAC (Message Authentication Code), 36, 41, 61-62, 196-199, 203-204, 529
- MAC_PARM field, 102, 105-106
- MAP (upstream bandwidth allocation map) message, 107, 114-125
- MAC_PARM field, 102, 105-106
- basic description of, 121-125
- contention resolution and, 118-121
- information elements, 117
- Service Flows and, 126
- contention resolution and, 118-121
-
Mapping addresses, 476-477, 479-480
- Map Reject message, 139
- Map Reply message, 139
- Map Request message, 139
- MaxEndPointIds parameter, 159
- Maximum Datagram Size value, 309
- Maximum Packet Size field, 333
- MaximumSustainedRate parameter, 314
- Maximum Transmission Rate parameter, 304, 306
- MCNS (Multimedia Cable Network System), 80, 529
- MDCX (ModifyConnection) command, 148, 149, 153, 161, 163, 179-180, 193
- Map Reject message, 139
- caller ID and, 216
- call waiting and, 218
- NCS call flow and, 209, 214
- three-way calling and, 221, 223
- call waiting and, 218
-
Media-Connection-Event-Info object, 329, 335-336
- Media Announcements field, 189, 249
- Media Announcements parameter, 244, 249
- megahertz (MHz), 88
- Message length field, 326, 343, 346, 352
- Messages (listed by name)
- Media Announcements field, 189, 249
- Accounting_Request message, 436
- ACK message, 21, 229, 254, 270-274, 279
- Answer message, 454, 460-461
- Authent Info message, 139
- Auth Invalid message, 139
- Authorization Request message, 134
- Auth Reject message, 139
- Auth Reply message, 139
- Auth Request message, 139
- BPI_DOWN message, 140
- BPI_UP message, 140
- BYE message, 253, 273, 274
- Call_Answer message, 411, 429-430, 452
- Call_Disconnect message, 411, 430, 452-453, 471
- CCChange message, 454, 461-462
- CCClose message, 454, 462
- CCOpen message, 454, 463, 470
- CLIENT-ACCEPT message, 349
- CLIENT-ACCESS message, 348
- CLIENT-OPEN message, 348
- COMMIT message, 359-360
- Database_Query message, 411, 425
- DECISION message, 349
- DHCPDISCOVER message, 391
- DHCPOFFER message, 391, 393
- DHCPREQUEST message, 392
- DSA-ACK message, 107, 126, 319
- DSA-REQ message, 107, 126, 128-129, 300, 313-320
- DSA-RSP message, 107, 126
- DSC-ASK message, 107
- DSC-REQ message, 107, 126, 300, 313-314, 362
- DSC-RSP message, 107, 126
- DSD-RSP message, 107
- GATE-ALLOC-ACK message, 330, 340, 365-366, 367
- GATE-ALLOC-ERR message, 330, 340, 355
- GATE-ALLOC message, 330, 340, 342-344, 349, 364-365, 367
- GATE-CLOSE-ACK message, 353, 358, 363, 368, 371
- GATE-CLOSE-ERR message, 358
- GATE-CLOSE message, 351-353, 357, 362-363, 368, 371
- GATE-INFO-ACK message, 330, 341-342
- GATE-INFO message, 330, 341
- GATE-INFO-ERR message, 330, 342, 347, 355
- GATE-OPEN-ACK message, 268, 353, 357, 360-361, 371
- GATE-OPEN-ERR message, 353, 357
- Gate-OPEN message, 316-317, 351-353, 357-361, 367, 371
- GATE-SET-ACK message, 330, 341, 350, 367
- GATE-SET-ERR message, 330, 341, 355
- GATE-SET message, 320, 329-330, 340-341, 349-350, 367, 368
- Gate_Set message, 451, 452, 453
- GetBulkRequest message, 385, 387-388
- GET message, 384
- GetNextRequest message, 385, 387-388
- GetRequest message, 385, 386, 387
- GetResponse message, 385, 387
- HMAC_KEY_D message, 137
- HMAC_KEY_U message, 136-137
- INFORM message, 392
- InformRequest message, 385, 389
- Intelligent_Peripheral_Usage_Start message, 411
- Intelligent_Peripheral_Usage_Stop message, 411
- Interconnect_(Signaling)_Start message, 411, 428
- Interconnect_(Signaling)_Stop message, 411, 428-429
- INVITE message, 229, 234-235, 238-241, 250-251, 253-272, 275-282
- Key Reject message, 139
- Key Reply message, 137-139
- Key Request message, 139
- KRB_AP_REQ message, 400-402, 408
- KRB_AS_REQ message, 46-47, 77, 399
- MAC_PARM field, 102, 105-106
- MAP (upstream bandwidth allocation map) message, 107, 114-126
- Map Reject message, 139
- Map Reply message, 139
- Map Request message, 139
- NOTIFY message, 147, 170, 191
- OK message, 254
- Origination message, 454, 463-465
- PA_PK_AS_REQ message, 46
- QoS_Change message, 411, 431
- QoS_Commit message, 431
- QoS_End message, 408
- QoS_Reserve message, 431
- QoS_Start message, 408, 411, 427, 429, 460, 451, 452, 469, 471
- Redirection message, 454, 465-466
- Rekey message, 405-408
- Release message, 466
- Report message, 385
- REPORT-STATE message, 349
- RequestNotify message, 170
- Reserved message, 139, 411
- RINGING message, 229
- SA Recovered message, 403
- Service_Activation message, 411, 427-428
- Service_Deactivation message, 411, 428
- Service_Instance message, 411, 425-426, 450-451
- SET message, 384
- SetRequest message, 385, 387-389, 393, 397-398
- Signaling_Start message, 411, 423-424, 436, 437, 450, 468
- Signaling_Stop message, 411, 423-424
- TEK Invaid message, 139
- TerminationAttempt message, 454, 467
- Time_Change message, 411, 430-431
- TRAP message, 384, 385
- Wake-up message, 404-405
- ACK message, 21, 229, 254, 270-274, 279
-
Message Type field, 352
- MG (Media Gateway). See also MGC (Media Gateway Controller)
- basic description of, 474, 480-482, 529
- electronic surveillance and, 448-449, 451-452
- internetworking with PSTNs and, 474, 479-483, 488-495, 497
- electronic surveillance and, 448-449, 451-452
- MGC (Media Gateway Controller), 261, 448-449. See also MG (Media Gateway)
- basic description of, 474, 529
- internetworking with PSTNs and, 474, 478-480, 491-492, 495-497
- provisioning mechanisms and, 409, 423-424, 429-430
- internetworking with PSTNs and, 474, 478-480, 491-492, 495-497
-
MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol), 145-182, 481, 529
- MIB (Management Information Base), 376-378, 384
- basic description of, 530
- MTA configuration file and, 394
- variables, 378-383
- MTA configuration file and, 394
-
MIC (Message Integrity Check), 36, 530
- MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) files, 302
- MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions), 530, 545
- Minimum Policed Unit field, 309, 333
- Minislots, 96-97, 111
- Minislot size field, 111
- Minus sign (-), 166
- MMH (Multilinear Modular Hash), 196, 203-204, 530
- Modulation
- MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) files, 302
- basic description of, 89
- de-, 89
- schemes, 87-98
- de-, 89
-
MO package, 486-489
- MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group), 100
- MSB (Most Significant Bit), 95-96, 530
- MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group), 100
- provisioning mechanisms and, 412-413, 417, 420-422
- Rekey message and, 407
-
msgLen field, 106
- MSO (Multiple Systems Operator), 17, 74-77, 82, 220, 226
- bandplans and, 9
- basic description of, 6, 530
- business issues and, 507-511
- electronic surveillance and, 438, 442-443, 447, 464
- new specifications and, 502-503, 506-507, 513
- basic description of, 6, 530
-
MT (MF Terminating Protocol) package, 489-492
- MTA_Endpoint_Name attribute, 424, 425
- MTAs (Multimedia Terminal Adapters), 16-18, 22-24, 29, 530
- MTA_Endpoint_Name attribute, 424, 425
- anonymity and, 217
- bearer channel security and, 196, 198-206
- business issues and, 506-507, 510-511
- call waiting and, 217-219
- configuration file formats for, 394-398
- Connection Data field and, 184
- DCS and, 230, 235-251, 254-285
- Device Certificates and, 70-73
- digit maps and, 166-169
- DOCSIS and, 82
- HMAC algorithms and, 64
- intelligent, 230-234
- internetworking with PSTNs and, 474-475, 488, 496
- Kerberos and, 45-48
- key management and, 206-209
- Manufacturer Certificates and, 70
- message transmission and, 191
- NCS call features and, 216-224
- NCS call flow and, 210-215
- new specifications and, 501-502, 503
- non-embedded, 505
- power-on initialization and, 389-408
- provisioning mechanisms and, 374-378, 394-404
- QoS and, 289-292, 297-302, 312-313, 317, 321-324, 349, 359-371, 431
- responses and, 180
- root certificates and, 66-70
- SIP messaging and, 235-241
- Telephony Certificates and, 75-76
- three-way calling and, 220-224
- trusted domains and, 230
- untrusted, 315
- bearer channel security and, 196, 198-206
-
MTA_UDP_Portnum attribute, 427, 431
- Naming schemes, 481
- NAT (Network Address Translation), 282-283
- NCS (Network-Based Call Signaling), 193-195, 480-481, 492, 531. See also NCS Call Agent
- anonymity and, 217
- business issues and, 508
- caller ID and, 216-217
- call features, 215-224
- call flow, 209-215
- call waiting and, 217-219
- commands, 147-166
- DCS and, 225, 226-227, 511-512
- DQoS and, 170-172
- electronic surveillance and, 464
- key management and, 206-209
- MGCP and, 146-147
- MIB variables and, 380-382
- new specifications and, 501
- parameters, 151-166
- provisioning mechanisms and, 380-382, 397
- QoS and, 293, 298-299
- RTP packets and, 199-200
- session descriptions and, 182-184
- SignalRequests, encoding for, 164-166
- three-way calling and, 220-224
- TOS values, 397
- transaction identifiers, 150
- business issues and, 508
- NCS Call Agent, 146-147, 180, 217-219
- basic description of, 518
- call flow and, 210-215
- clustered, 191-192
- DCS and, 227-229, 260
- digit maps and, 168
- key management and, 206
- ResponseAck parameter and, 164
- RTP packets and, 199-200
- three-way calling and, 221-224
- call flow and, 210-215
-
netwloop mode, 156
- Network Management, need for, 375-376
- Network orders, 101
- network-type field, 245, 246
- netwtest mode, 156
- New_Call_ID attribute, 466
- NID (Network Interface Device), 12-13, 531
- NIU (Network Interface Units), 12-13, 531
- No-Gate-Coordination flag, 316
- No-Gate-Open flag, 317
- NominalGrantInterval parameter, 314
- Non-Real-Time Polling Service Flow, 127
- Nonces, 37, 532
- Nonrepudiation, 33
- NotifiedEntity parameter, 160, 177
- NOTIFY message, 147, 170, 191
- Notify parameter, 170
- NSA (National Security Agency), 54
- NTFY (Notify) command, 148-149, 153, 166-167, 180, 206, 214-215
- NumEndPoints parameter, 177
- ObjectName type, 394
- Objects (listed by name)
- Network Management, need for, 375-376
- Activity-Count object, 329, 331
- Decision Header object, 342
- Electronic-Surveillance-Parameters object, 329, 337
- Event-Generation-Info object, 329
- Gate-ID object, 329, 331
- Gate-spec object, 329, 331-333
- Handle object, 325, 343, 346
- Media-Connection-Event-Info object, 329, 335-336
- PacketCable-Error object, 329, 336
- Remote-Gate-Info object, 329, 333-334, 338-339
- Subscriber-ID object, 329, 330, 342, 365
- Transaction-ID object, 329-330, 342, 365
- Decision Header object, 342
-
ObjectSyntax type, 394
- ObservedEvents parameter, 160, 177
- OC3 interface, 482
- Octets received parameter, 157
- Octets send parameter, 157
- OI (Operator Interrupt), 489-492
- OK message, 254
- opad string, 63
- OPC (Origination Point Codes), 480
- Op-code field, 325, 343, 345
- Origination message, 454, 463-465
- Originating_SDP attribute, 462, 463
- Origin field, 182-183, 245
- Origin parameter, 244, 245
- OSS (Operator Services Package), 486
- Out-of-band mechanism, 38
- PacketCable
- ObservedEvents parameter, 160, 177
- architecture, 1, 16-19, 31
- basic description of, 13-26
- call signaling and, 144-224
- DOCSIS and, 81-141
- electronic surveillance and, 437-472, 443, 446-448
- internetworking with PSTNs and, 473-497
- protocol stacks and, 20-21
- provisioning mechanisms and, 374-437
- QoS and, 287-372
- security and, 27-78
- specifications, changes to, 499-505
- Technical Reports, 147
- basic description of, 13-26
-
PacketCable-Error object, 329, 336
- Packets lost parameter, 157
- Packets received parameter, 157
- Packets sent parameter, 157
- PA_PK_AS_REQ message, 46
- Parameters. See also Parameters (listed by name)
- Packets lost parameter, 157
- NCS, 151-166
- response, 176-178
- session description, 182-189
- response, 176-178
- Parameters (listed by name). See also Parameters
- Attributes parameter, 244, 247-249
- Bandwidth parameter, 184-185, 244, 246-247
- CallID parameter, 152, 177
- Capabilities parameter, 152, 177
- Connection Data parameter, 244, 245-246
- ConnectionID parameter, 156
- ConnectionMode parameter, 156, 177
- ConnectionParameters parameter, 157, 177
- DetectEvents parameter, 158, 170, 177
- DigitMap parameter, 158, 177
- Encryption Keys parameter, 244, 247
- EventStates parameter, 177-178
- GrantsPerInterval parameter, 314
- Jitter parameter, 157
- Latency parameter, 157
- LocalConnectionDescriptor parameter, 177-179, 208
- LocalConnectionOptions parameter, 152-153, 158-159, 177, 206, 208
- MaxEndPointIds parameter, 159
- MaximumSustainedRate parameter, 314
- Maximum Transmission Rate parameter, 304, 306
- Media Announcements parameter, 244, 249
- NominalGrantInterval parameter, 314
- NotifiedEntity parameter, 160, 177
- Notify parameter, 170
- NumEndPoints parameter, 177
- ObservedEvents parameter, 160, 177
- Octets received parameter, 157
- Octets send parameter, 157
- Origin parameter, 244, 245
- Packets lost parameter, 157
- Packets received parameter, 157
- Packets sent parameter, 157
- Protocol Version parameter, 244
- QoSParameterSets parameter, 128
- QoSParameterSetType parameter, 314
- QuarantineHandling parameter, 160, 170
- ReasonCode parameter, 160
- RemoteConnectionDescriptor parameter, 177-178
- RequestedEvents parameter, 161, 170, 177
- RequestIdentifier parameter, 163-164, 177
- RequestInfo parameter, 163
- ResourceID parameter, 177
- ResponseAck parameter, 164, 177, 178-179, 193
- RestartDelay parameter, 164
- RestartMethod parameter, 164
- ServiceFlowID parameter, 314
- ServiceFlowReference parameter, 314
- ServiceFlowScheduling parameter, 314
- Session Name parameter, 244, 245
- SignalRequests parameter, 164-165, 177
- SpecificEndPointID parameter, 177
- Time parameter, 244, 246
- Token Bucket Size parameter, 304, 306
- Token Bucket Rate parameter, 304-305
- ToleratedGrantJitter parameter, 313
- TrafficPriority parameter, 313, 314
- UnsolicitedGrantSize parameter, 314
- VersionSupported parameter, 177
- X-pc-secret: parameter, 270
- Bandwidth parameter, 184-185, 244, 246-247
-
Payload Header Suppression Header, 105
- Payload mappings, dynamic, 190
- PBX (Private Branch Exchange), 232, 233, 533
- PCESP (PacketCable Electronic Surveillance specification), 453, 455, 460, 467-472
- PDP (Policy Decision Point), 322, 323-324
- PDU (Protocol Data Unit) format, 103-104, 383-389, 533
- Peak Data Rate field, 333
- Peak rate value, 309
- Pen Register wiretap, 239, 440
- PEP (Policy Enforcement Point), 322, 324
- Performance management, 376
- PGP (Pretty Good Privacy), 49
- Physical Media Dependent layer, 86-100
- PKINIT
- Payload mappings, dynamic, 190
- basic description of, 46-47, 533
- digital certificates and, 77-78
- Grace Period, 398
- provisioning mechanisms and, 398-399, 401
- digital certificates and, 77-78
-
pktcMtaDevCertificate variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevConfigFile variable, 379, 393
- pktcMtaDevControlTable variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevCorrelationID variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevEnabled variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevEndPntCount variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevEvControl variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevEventTable variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevEvSyslog variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevEvThrottleThreshold variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevEvThrottleInhibited variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevEvThrottleInternal variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevEvThrottleAdminSTatus variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevFQDN variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevHardwareVersion variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevHttpAccess variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevKerberosRealm variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevMacAddress variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevManufacturerCertificate variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevPrincipalName variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevProvisioningState variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevResetNow variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevSecurityTable variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevSerialNumber variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevServerBookState variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevServerDhcp variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevServerDns2 variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevServerDns1 variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevServGracePeriod variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevServProviderCertificate variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevSignature variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevSnmpEntity variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevTelephonyCertificate variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevTgsTable variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevTypeIdentifier variable, 378
- pktcMtaProvisioningEnrollment variable, 379
- pktcMtaProvisioningStatus variable, 380
- pktcMtaProvisioningEnrollment variable, 393
- pktcNcsDefCallSigTos variable, 381
- pktcNcsDefMediaStreamTos variable, 381
- pktcNcsDevCodecTable variable, 380
- pktcNcsDevConnectionMode variable, 380
- pktcNcsDevEchoCancellation variable, 380
- pktcNcsDevR0Cadence variable, 380
- pktcNcsDevR6Cadence variable, 380
- pktcNcsDevR7Cadence variable, 380
- pktcNcsDevSilenceSuppression variable, 380
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigStutterDialToneTO variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigTdmin variable, 382
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigCallAgentUdpPort variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigMWD variable, 382
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigStatus variable, 382
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigTable variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigCallAgentID variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigTdmax variable, 382
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigMax1QEnable variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigRtoMax variable, 382
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigPartialDialTO variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigTdinit variable, 382
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigMax1 variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigTSMax variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigRtoInit variable, 382
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigReorderToneTO variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigMessageWaitingTO variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigBusyToneTO variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigCritcalDialTo variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigOffHookWarnToneTO variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigRingingTO variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigLongDurationKeepAlive variable, 382
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigThist variable, 382
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigDialToneTO variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigMax2 variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigRingbackTO variable, 381
- pktcNcsTosFormatSelector variable, 381
- Plus sign (+), 166
- PMD (Physical Media Dependent) layer, 100, 101, 110, 533
- Policy layer, 299-300
- Polynomials, generating, 543
- Preamble prepend, 99
- Preamble Pattern field, 111
- PR field, 198
- Primary Downstream Service Flow, 125
- primary lines, 506-507
- Primary-Record-Keeping-Server-IP-Address field, 334
- Primary-Record-Keeping-Server-Port field, 335
- Primary Upstream Service Flow, 125
- Printable characters, 187, 415, 417, 418, 419
- Priority field, 413
- Privacy. See also BPI+ (Baseline Privacy Interface Plus)
- pktcMtaDevConfigFile variable, 379, 393
- -advocate groups, 443-444
- DCS and, 283-285
-
Private (secret) keys, 39
- Profiles, 145
- PROP property, 185, 247
- Protected fields, 543
- Protocol(s). See also specific protocols
- Profiles, 145
- layers, 86-117
- neutral, signaling, 298
- operation, 339-371
- stacks, 20-21
- neutral, signaling, 298
-
Protocol ID field, 331
- Protocol version field, 182
- Protocol Version parameter, 244
- Prototype Classifier, 317
- PROV_SNMP_ENTITY field, 392, 393
- Provisioning
- Protocol version field, 182
- basic description of, 373-437
- BCID and, 410
- event messages, 408-410
- power-on initialization and, 389-408
- server certificate, 77-78
- BCID and, 410
-
Proxy-Require: header, 234, 243-244
- PSK (Phase Shift Keying), 90-92, 534
- PSTNs (Public Switched Telephone Networks), 17-19, 22-26, 143-144, 471-472
- PSK (Phase Shift Keying), 90-92, 534
- anonymity and, 217
- basic description of, 18
- BLV operation and, 280-282
- business issues and, 508
- caller ID and, 265
- DCS and, 225, 230-234, 238-239, 251, 276, 280-282
- EI operation and, 280-282
- electronic surveillance and, 30, 441, 443, 451, 464
- internetworking architecture for, 473-497
- INVITE message and, 251
- MGCP and, 145-146
- MO package and, 486-489
- NCS call features and, 216-224
- NCS call flow and, 210-215
- new specifications and, 500-505
- provisioning mechanisms and, 373, 411, 418, 428, 430
- QoS and, 303, 319-320
- SIP messaging and, 238-239
- subscriber fraud and, 28
- basic description of, 18
-
- QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), 93-94, 535
- downstream data flow and, 99-100
- time slices and, 97
-
Q-channel, 91-92
- QoS (Quality of Service), 21, 26, 496, 513. See also DQoS (Dynamic Quality of Service)
- attacks and, 28
- basic description of, 125-130, 287-372
- authorization and, 294-298
- buckets and, 304-309
- business issues and, 509
- codecs and, 300-304
- commitment and, 294-298
- COPS and, 322-338
- customer expectations and, 291-292
- Diffserv networks and, 323
- DOCSIS and, 81
- electronic surveillance and, 451, 463
- event messages and, 408, 418-419
- flowspecs and, 309-311
- gates and, 292-293, 316-321
- Intserv networks and, 323
- jitter buffers and, 304-309
- MAC headers and, 105
- new specifications and, 500
- operator expectations and, 291-292
- parameters, 157
- protocol operation and, 339-391
- provisioning mechanisms and, 376-377
- reservation and, 294-298
- resources and, 294
- SIP messaging and, 237, 241
- basic description of, 125-130, 287-372
-
QoS_Change message, 411, 431
- QoS_Commit message, 431
- QoS_Descriptor attribute, 427, 431
- QoS_End message, 408
- QoSParameterSets parameter, 128
- QoSParameterSetType parameter, 314
- QoS_Reserve message, 431
- QoS_Start message, 408, 411, 427, 429, 460, 451, 452, 469, 471
- QoS_Stop attribute, 411, 427, 451-452
- QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying), 91-94, 97
- Quality of Service (QoS). See QoS (Quality of Service)
- QuarantineHandling parameter, 160, 170
- Query_Type attribute, 425
- RADIUS protocol, 352-355, 358, 371
- QoS_Commit message, 431
- Accounting-Request format, 433-435
- basic description of, 535
- event messages and, 409, 432-437
- basic description of, 535
- Ranging, 83-86, 112
- backoff end, 117
- backoff start, 117
- status, 114
- backoff start, 117
-
Rate field, 333
- RBOCs (Regional Bell Operating Companies), 1-2
- RC4 cipher, 59-60, 475, 504
- RBOCs (Regional Bell Operating Companies), 1-2
- attributes and, 188
- basic description of, 535
- bearer channel security and, 203-206
- call signaling and, 196-206
- DCS and, 284
- internetworking with PSTNs and, 475
- three-way calling and, 224
- basic description of, 535
-
Real-Time Polling Service Flow, 127
- ReasonCode parameter, 160
- Record Keeping Server (RKS), 240-241, 316-317, 408, 496
- ReasonCode parameter, 160
- electronic surveillance and, 448-453
- provisioning mechanisms and, 413, 431-432
- RADIUS protocol and, 432
- provisioning mechanisms and, 413, 431-432
-
Record-Route: header, 243-244, 268, 270
- recvonly mode, 156
- Redirected_From_Info attribute, 450, 467
- Redirected_From_Party_ID attribute, 466
- Redirected_From_Party_Number attribute
- Redirected_To_Party_Number attribute, 450
- Redirected_to_Party_ID attribute, 466
- Redirection message, 454, 465-466
- Reed-Solomon Forward Error Correction, 98
- reestablishment flag, 402, 407
- REG-ACK messages, 107
- REG-REQ messages, 107
- REG-RSP messages, 107
- Rekey message, 405-408
- Related_Call_Billing_Correlation_ID attribute, 426
- Release message, 466
- Remote-Committed state, 321
- Remote-Gate-ID field, 334
- Remote-Gate-Info field, 368
- Remote-Gate-Info object, 329, 333-334, 338-339
- RemoteConnectionDescriptor parameter, 177-178
- Reorder tone, 485
- Repeat calling, 417, 425-426
- Replay attacks, 37
- replicate mode, 156
- Report message, 385
- REPORT-STATE message, 349
- Request/Data IE, 122
- RequestedEvents parameter, 161, 170, 177
- Request Frame Header, 104, 105
- RequestIdentifier parameter, 163-164, 177
- Request IE, 120, 122, 124
- RequestInfo parameter, 163
- RequestNotify message, 170
- Requests for Comment (RFCs). See RFCs (Requests for Comment)
- Require: header, 234, 244
- Reserved envelope, 318
- Reserved field, 332, 335, 337, 353
- Reserved message, 139, 411
- Reserved Rate value, 310
- Reserved resources, 295-298
- reserved state, 294-298, 321, 350
- Resource gates, 170
- ResourceID parameter, 177
- ResourceIDs, 171-172, 177, 179, 318-319
- Resources
- recvonly mode, 156
- authorized, 295-298
- committed, 295-298, 350
- QoS and, 294, 295-298, 350
- reserved, 295-298
- committed, 295-298, 350
- Response(s)
- to the AUCX command, 181-182
- to the AUEP command, 181
- to the CRCX command, 178-179
- to the DLCX command, 180
- parameters, 176-178
- to the NFTY command, 180
- provisional, 193-194
- to the RQNT command, 180
- to the RSIP command, 182
- to the AUEP command, 181
-
ResponseAck parameter, 164, 177, 178-179, 193
- Response codes, 174-182
- RestartDelay parameter, 164
- RestartMethod parameter, 164
- Retransmission strategy, 252-254
- Return calling, 235, 417, 425-426
- Returned_Number attribute, 425
- Reverse T-spec field, 355
- RF (Radio Frequency) energy, 86
- RFCs (Requests for Comment)
- Response codes, 174-182
- basic description of, 536
- no. 760, 18
- no. 868, 85
- no. 1129, 185
- no. 1155, 394
- no. 1157, 394
- no. 1350, 86
- no. 1363, 303
- no. 1510, 45, 400
- no. 1521, 545
- no. 1889, 197, 308, 315
- no. 1890, 197
- no. 2104, 62-63
- no. 2138, 299
- no. 2139, 299, 432
- no. 2327, 182, 184, 244
- no. 2409, 48
- no. 2459, 66
- no. 2543, 227, 241-243
- no. 2571, 375
- no. 2705, 145
- no. 2833, 302-303
- no. 760, 18
-
Ringbacks, 144, 485-486
- RINGING message, 229
- RJ-45 (Ethernet) ports, 447
- RKS (Record Keeping Server), 240-241, 316-317, 408, 496
- RINGING message, 229
- electronic surveillance and, 448-453
- provisioning mechanisms and, 413, 431-432
- RADIUS protocol and, 432
- provisioning mechanisms and, 413, 431-432
-
RNG-REQ messages, 107, 112-113
- RNG-RSP messages, 107, 112, 113-114
- Root Certification Authority, 43, 66-67
- Route: header, 244
- Routers, 20, 536
- Routing_Number attribute, 429, 430, 426
- Routing-Number field, 336
- RQNT (NotificationRequest) command, 148, 149, 153, 161-162, 180, 206, 210, 214, 492
- RSA algorithm, 39-43, 57-59, 139-140, 504
- RSA Data Security, 59, 504. See also RSA algorithm
- RSIP (RestartInProgress) command, 148, 153, 182, 206-209
- RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol), 108, 291, 360, 375
- RTP (Realtime Transport Protocol), 61-62, 155, 461, 485
- RNG-RSP messages, 107, 112, 113-114
- attributes and, 186-187, 247
- bearer channel security and, 197-199
- call signaling and, 159
- format, encoded, 198-199
- header format, 198-199
- key management and, 206-209
- mid-call codec changes and, 276-277
- packets, encrypting, 199-206
- QoS and, 295, 308
- SIP messaging and, 241
- bearer channel security and, 197-199
-
RTPMAPs, 189-190
- S-Num field, 328, 344, 347
- S-Type field, 328, 344, 347
- SA (Source address) field, 103, 106
- SA Recovered message, 403
- Safe Harbor provision, 443
- SAID (Security Association Identifier), 132, 133. See also SAs (Security Associations)
- BPI+ and, 135
- keying material for, lifetime of, 138
- obtaining TEKs and, 135
- keying material for, lifetime of, 138
-
SAP (Simple Acknowledgement Protocol), 21
- SAs (Security Associations), 50-52, 132, 408. SAID (Security Association Identifier)
- lifetime values for, 138, 402-403, 407
- provisioning mechanisms and, 398-404
-
SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol), 476, 537
- SDP (Session Description Protocol), 151, 152, 176, 244-249
- attributes and, 186, 189
- bearer channel security and, 197
- dynamic payload mappings and, 190
- electronic surveillance and, 461, 462
- flowspecs and, 311-314
- internetworking with PSTNs and, 485
- provisional responses and, 193
- responses and, 178, 179, 181
- RTP packets and, 199
- bearer channel security and, 197
-
Secondary lines, 506-507
- Secondary-Record-Keeping-Server-IP-Address field, 335
- Secondary-Record-Keeping-Server-Port field, 335
- Second_Call_Calling_Party_Number attribute, 426
- Secure pipe. See SA (Security Association)
- Secure MIME (S/MIME), 49
- Security
- Secondary-Record-Keeping-Server-IP-Address field, 335
- automated, 503-504
- bearer channel, 195-205, 549-550
- concepts, 32-33
- in digital networks, 31-33
- DQoS and, 298-299
- management, 376
- QoS and, 298-299
- specific mechanisms and algorithms for, 49-78
- bearer channel, 195-205, 549-550
-
Security Key field, 334
- Semicolon (;), 155
- sendonly mode, 156
- sendrecv mode, 156
- Sequence number field, 198, 413
- Server Authentication Key, 407
- Service_Activation message, 411, 427-428
- Service_Deactivation message, 411, 428
- Service Flow(s)
- Semicolon (;), 155
- activation of, 126
- admission of, 125
- authorized, 125
- basic description of, 125
- Dynamic, 128-130
- flowspecs and, 311-314
- Identifiers (SFIDs), 109, 125
- QoS and, 290, 300, 311-314, 350
- admission of, 125
-
Service Flow Extended Header, 104
- ServiceFlowID parameter, 314
- ServiceFlowReference parameter, 314
- ServiceFlowScheduling parameter, 314
- Service_Instance message, 411, 425-426, 450-451
- Service_Name attribute, 426, 428
- Session Class field, 332
- Session descriptions, 182-189
- session-ID field, 245
- Session Name parameter, 244, 245
- SET message, 384
- SetRequest message, 385, 387-389, 393, 397-398
- SF_ID attribute, 427
- SFIDs (Service Flow Identifiers), 109, 125
- SG (Signaling Gateway), 474, 478-480, 496
- SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm number 1), 47, 188, 201, 403, 407
- ServiceFlowID parameter, 314
- basic description of, 537
- bearer-channel keying material and, 549
- DSC signaling and, 256, 257
- provisioning mechanisms and, 401
- use of, as the basis for HMAC calculations, 63
- bearer-channel keying material and, 549
-
Short Messaging System, 441
- SIDs (Service IDs), 86, 113, 141
- basic description of, 109
- BPI+ and, 134
- MAC and, 109
- MAP message and, 121-125
- mapping of multicast, to data transmission algorithms, 122
- BPI+ and, 134
-
Signaling_Start message, 411, 423-424, 436, 437, 450, 468
- Signaling_Stop message, 411, 423-424
- SignalRequests parameter, 164-165, 177
- Signatures, digital, 40-41
- signedAuthPack field, 46-47
- SignedData type, 47
- Silence suppression flags, 154
- Simultaneous calls, multiple, 232
- Sine wave, 88
- SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), 227, 241-249, 257-258
- Signaling_Stop message, 411, 423-424
- header extensions, 234-235, 243-244
- messaging, 234-241
- response extensions, 241
- messaging, 234-241
-
Slack Term field, 333
- SLS (Signaling Link Selection), 480
- smod operator, 60-61
- SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), 374, 375-389
- snrccomt field, 172
- snrcresv field, 172
- SOHO (Small Office/Home Office) users, 9
- Source IP Address field, 332
- Source Port field, 332
- SpecificEndPointID parameter, 177
- Speed dial, 233
- SPI (Security Parameter Index), 52, 189, 402, 407
- SS7 (Signaling System Number 7), 144, 424, 475-480, 495
- SSAP (Source Service Access Point) field, 107
- SSRC (Synchronization Source), 198, 538
- SSRC field, 198
- Sstate blob, 230
- Stateful proxies, 259
- Stateless proxies, 259
- Station Maintenance IE, 123
- Status field, 413-414
- Subscriber fraud, 28
- Subscriber-ID field, 368, 370-371
- Subscriber-ID object, 329, 330, 342, 365
- Surveillance, electronic
- SLS (Signaling Link Selection), 480
- architecture, 446-448
- basic description of, 437-472
- call signaling and, 448-453
- CALEA and, 438-448
- CCC (Call Content Connection) interface and, 467-471
- Class 5 switches and, 510-511
- complications regarding, 471-472
- types of, 349-441
- basic description of, 437-472
-
Surveillance_Indication attribute, 449
- Symbol map, 99
- Symbol Rate field, 111
- Symbols
- Symbol map, 99
- @ (at sign), 151
- : (colon), 151
- / (forward slash), 187
- - (hyphen), 183, 184, 245
- - (minus sign), 166
- + (plus sign), 166
- ; (semicolon), 155
- : (colon), 151
-
Symmetric keys, 44-45
- SYNC messages, 83, 107, 109-110, 115
- SYSLOG server, 398
- TCAP (Transaction Capabilities Application Protocol), 476-478, 480
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), 21, 191, 476
- SYNC messages, 83, 107, 109-110, 115
- IPsec and, 52-53
- QoS and, 306
-
TDD devices, 486
- T-direct-request timer, 253
- T-direct-response timer, 253
- TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access), 96-97
- TEK Invalid message, 139
- TEKs (Traffic Encryption Keys), 79, 132-133, 135-139
- Telephony service provider certificates, 74-76
- Telephony Service Provider Certification Authority, 75-76
- Terminating_DSP attribute, 462, 463
- TerminationAttempt message, 454, 467
- TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol), 86, 391, 539
- TGS (Ticket Granting Service), 45, 398-399, 401, 407
- T-direct-request timer, 253
- basic description of, 539
- digital certificates and, 77
- Kerberos and, 47-48
- new specifications and, 501
- PKINIT and, 46
- digital certificates and, 77
-
TGW (Trunking Gateway). See MG (Media Gateway)
- Theft of service, 28
- Three-way calling, 220-224, 258
- TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association), 443
- Time_Adjustment attribute, 431
- Time_Change message, 411, 430-431
- Time field, 185, 246
- Time of day, synchronizing, 85-86
- Time parameter, 244, 246
- Timers, 252-254, 274, 332
- Time Server, 85
- Time slices, 96-97
- Timestamp field, 198
- Timestamps, 198, 200, 204-206, 406
- Timing header, 104
- TLV (Type-Length-Value) encoding, 110-112, 394, 412
- Theft of service, 28
- basic description of, 540
- RADIUS protocol and, 433-434
-
TOGGLE field, 141
- To: header, 244
- Token Bucket Size field, 333
- Token Bucket Size parameter, 304, 306
- Token Bucket Rate field, 333
- Token Bucket Rate parameter, 304-305
- ToleratedGrantJitter parameter, 313
- TOS field, 397
- T-proxy-request timer, 252
- T-proxy-response timer, 252
- TrafficPriority parameter, 313, 314
- Transaction Identifier field, 344, 347
- Transaction-ID field, 368, 370-371
- Transaction-ID object, 329-330, 342, 365
- transaction IDs, 191, 368, 370-371
- Transit_Carrier_ID attribute, 465, 466
- Translation_Input attribute, 450, 465
- transport mode, 49-50
- Trap and Trace wiretap, 239, 440
- TRAP message, 384, 385
- Triple DES (3DES), 54-58, 131, 515
- TRI-TCD messages, 107
- TRI-TSI messages, 107
- Trunk_Group_ID attribute, 424, 429
- Trusted domains, 230, 236
- T-ringing timer, 253
- T-session timer, 253
- TSP (Telephony Service Provider), 397-398
- T-stage1 timer, 253
- tunnel mode, 49-50
- Two-state commitment, 295-298
- Type field, 108, 110, 140, 353, 354, 434`
- Type/Len field, 104
- UCC-REQ messages, 107
- UCC-RSP messages, 107
- UCD (Upstream Channel Descriptors), 83, 107, 110-112, 115, 122
- UDP (User Datagram Protocol), 21, 23, 190, 540
- To: header, 244
- DCS and, 252-254
- electronic surveillance and, 449
- IPsec and, 52-53
- NCS and, 174
- piggybacking messages and, 192-193
- provisioning mechanisms and, 418
- QoS and, 352
- electronic surveillance and, 449
-
UGS (Unsolicited Grant Service), 126-127, 295, 312-313
- UNIX, 168, 185
- UnsolicitedGrantSize parameter, 314
- Upstream
- UNIX, 168, 185
- bandwidth, 114-125, 294
- channel IDs, 110, 114, 116
- URLs (Uniform Resource Locators)
- basic description of, 540
- DCS and, 238, 239, 242-243, 260, 261, 263
- initialization and, 393-394
- DCS and, 238, 239, 242-243, 260, 261, 263
-
User_Input attribute, 450, 465
- username field, 245
- VACM (View-based Access Control Model), 376-378
- Value field, 354, 434
- Variables (listed by name)
- username field, 245
- AAD variable, 192
- ADEV variable, 192
- ConfigMax2Enable variable, 382
- pktcMtaDevCertificate variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevConfigFile variable, 379, 393
- pktcMtaDevControlTable variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevCorrelationID variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevEnabled variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevEndPntCount variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevEvControl variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevEventTable variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevEvSyslog variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevEvThrottleThreshold variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevEvThrottleInhibited variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevEvThrottleInternal variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevEvThrottleAdminSTatus variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevFQDN variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevHardwareVersion variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevHttpAccess variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevKerberosRealm variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevMacAddress variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevManufacturerCertificate variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevPrincipalName variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevProvisioningState variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevResetNow variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevSecurityTable variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevSerialNumber variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevServerBookState variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevServerDhcp variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevServerDns2 variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevServerDns1 variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevServGracePeriod variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevServProviderCertificate variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevSignature variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevSnmpEntity variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevTelephonyCertificate variable, 378
- pktcMtaDevTgsTable variable, 379
- pktcMtaDevTypeIdentifier variable, 378
- pktcMtaProvisioningEnrollment variable, 379
- pktcMtaProvisioningStatus variable, 380
- pktcMtaProvisioningEnrollment variable, 393
- pktcNcsDefCallSigTos variable, 381
- pktcNcsDefMediaStreamTos variable, 381
- pktcNcsDevCodecTable variable, 380
- pktcNcsDevConnectionMode variable, 380
- pktcNcsDevEchoCancellation variable, 380
- pktcNcsDevR0Cadence variable, 380
- pktcNcsDevR6Cadence variable, 380
- pktcNcsDevR7Cadence variable, 380
- pktcNcsDevSilenceSuppression variable, 380
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigStutterDialToneTO variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigTdmin variable, 382
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigCallAgentUdpPort variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigMWD variable, 382
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigStatus variable, 382
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigTable variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigCallAgentID variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigTdmax variable, 382
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigMax1QEnable variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigRtoMax variable, 382
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigPartialDialTO variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigTdinit variable, 382
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigMax1 variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigTSMax variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigRtoInit variable, 382
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigReorderToneTO variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigMessageWaitingTO variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigBusyToneTO variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigCritcalDialTo variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigOffHookWarnToneTO variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigRingingTO variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigLongDurationKeepAlive variable, 382
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigThist variable, 382
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigDialToneTO variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigMax2 variable, 381
- pktcNcsEndPntConfigRingbackTO variable, 381
- pktcNcsTosFormatSelector variable, 381
- ADEV variable, 192
-
Version field, 108, 141, 245, 325, 345
- Version Identifier field, 412
- VersionSupported parameter, 177
- Via: header, 244, 262-269
- VoIP (voice-over-IP) technology, 26, 232
- VPNs (Virtual Private Networks), 50
- VSA (Vendor-specific attribute), 434-437, 541
- Wake-up message, 404-405
- Warm-line, 234
- Wiretapping
- Version Identifier field, 412
- architecture, 446-448
- basic description of, 437-472
- call signaling and, 448-453
- CALEA and, 438-448
- CCC (Call Content Connection) interface and, 467-471
- Class 5 switches and, 510-511
- complications regarding, 471-472
- types of, 349-441
- basic description of, 437-472
-
- X.509 standard, 42, 47, 49, 64-66, 74-78, 395
- basic description of, 541
- BPI+ and, 139-140
- BPKM and, 132-139
- initialization and, 83
- BPI+ and, 139-140
-
X.680 recommendation, 65
- xDSL, 512
- XOR operator, 56, 57, 98-99
- X-pc-bridge extension, 248
- X-pc-codecs extension, 248
- X-pc-codecs field, 187
- X-pc-csuites-rtcp extension, 248
- X-pc-csuites-rtp extension, 248
- X-pc-secret extension, 248-249
- X-pc-secret: parameter, 270
- Zones, 501-502, 541
- xDSL, 512
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