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Most SAP books focus on software: this one focuses on the underlying hardware, offering practical, business-oriented recommendations for maximizing performance, availability, manageability, and cost-effectiveness. It covers every hardware component that impacts SAP application components in mySAP.com, including servers, storage, desktop clients, LAN and WAN infrastructure, backup systems, even printers. The authors begin by reviewing the server technologies commonly used today for SAP projects, covering support and certification requirements, the roles of the database, application server, and other servers typically found in the SAP environment; performance benchmarks, scalability, and server consolidation. They review server sizing in depth, presenting real-life examples. Next, they offer guidance on disk storage, including best practice tips for SAP database disk layout, and new technologies such as Storage Area Networks (SANs). The book includes detailed coverage of disaster recovery, including sophisticated zero-down-time backup and remote database mirror solutions; clustering and automated failover for high availability; and requirements for client PCs, printers, and output management systems. An extensive section on networking covers everything from network architectures and IP address structures to the physical components of a SAP network, including innovative high-availability approaches to cabling infrastructures. The mySAP.com Internet-based solutions are reviewed in the context of their impact on servers and networks.
Click here for a sample chapter for this book: 0130280844.pdf
Preface.
How This Book Is Organized.
Acknowledgments.
About the Authors.
1.SAP System Architecture Overview: What Is mySAP.com?
The mySAP.com World. SAP System Technology.
Operating System and Database Support. OS Platforms. Database Platforms. SAP Software Support Matrix. Heterogeneous Platform Support. Server Technologies. Server (HW) Platform Vendors. Processors. Memory Architectures. System Bus Architectures. I/O Architectures. Memory Addressing. Total Cost of Ownership. Overall Project Costs. System Consolidation.
The Business Processing Requirements. Sizing Process Overview. Methodology. Collecting the Data. Sizing Tools. Computing the Requirements. Other mySAP.com Business Applications. Determining the Server's Configuration. Determining the SAPS. Determining the Memory and Disk Configuration.
Disk and Storage Basics. Database Server Perspective. Storage System Perspective. Disk I/O Patterns: A Business Application Perspective. Disk Drive Mechanisms. Disk I/O Channels. Data Protection (Disk Availability). Basic Principles. Disk Redundancy-RAID Levels. Software RAID and File Systems. Hardware RAID. Data Replication. Scalability and Managing Growth. Sizing the Storage System. Disk Systems and Interconnectivity. The Need for Data Archiving. Disk Layout Terminology and Examples. Terminology. SAP R/3 Database Layout. Disk Layout Examples of SAP Systems.
High-Availability Introduction. Downtime. Costs of Downtime: Is HA Needed? Specifying Uptime. Backup and Recovery Solutions. Backup and Restore ConÞgurations. Influences on Backup and Restore Time. Failover Solutions. Vulnerable mySAP.com Components. Clustering Basics for SAP. Hardware Notes for Clustering Configurations. Microsoft Cluster Server HA Configurations. Unix Clustering HA Configurations. Database Failover. Higher Levels of SAP Availability. High Availability Review for mySAP.com. Administration Philosophy for HA.
The Front-End-Interface to the User. Windows-Based Front-Ends. Java-Based Front-Ends. Browser-Based Front-Ends. From GUI to Workplace. Printer-Hardcopy Output for mySAP.com. Spool Management. Forms Management. Output Management.
The Influence of the Network on Performance. The Influence of the Network on Cost. Bandwidth Demand for SAP Server Communication. Bandwidth Demand for SAP Front-End Communication. Bandwidth Demand for Print Output. Bandwidth Demand for CPI-C Connections. Bandwidth Demand for RFC Data Transmission. The Influence of Network on Availability.
IP Networks-Mission Pathfinder. Flat versus Hierarchical Networks. IP Address Design Considerations. Host Names and Address Resolution. Naming Resolution Mechanisms. SAP Servers with Multiple Network Cards. Separate Server Network. SAP Front-Ends and DHCP. Identifying SAP Traffic.
Wires and Fibers. Copper Cabling. Fiber Optic Cabling. Wireless LAN Technologies. Cabling Cabinets. Installation Guidelines for Cables. Topologies. Bus Topology. Star Topology. Hierarchical Star Topology-The Structural Standard. High-Availability Cabling Topologies. Ring Topology. Meshed Topology. Cable Cluster-A High-Availability Cable Concept.
Applications Compete for Bandwidth! Bandwidth Requirements of Network Segments. Network Technologies-Lord of the Rings versus the Ether. Fast, Giga, and more Ethernet. Broadcasts-The Hidden Performance Killer. Mono-Protocol Networks. Domain Segmentation by VLANs. Automatic Broadcast Control. High Availability for Local Area Networks. Redundant Network Links? Beware of Loops! Spanning Tree. Link Aggregation. Network Clustering. Switch Meshing.
Which Wide Area Service Is Appropriate? Technical Characteristics of WAN Services. Cost Characteristics of WAN Services. Deploying Routers to Preserve WAN Bandwidth. Filtering, Spoofing, Proxy, and Compression. Bandwidth on Demand. Data Prioritization. Security Aspects of WAN Communication. Fault-Tolerant WAN Concepts. Hardware Redundancy. Connection Redundancy.
Performance and Reliability Aspects. ITS Architecture. Internet Communication Manager. SAP Business Connector. DCOM Connector. Security Aspects of Internet Communication. Secure Network Infrastructure. Trusted Gateways-HP VirtualVault.
At the edge of the new millennium, we are at the intersection of new business and technology trends that together will transform the way IT infrastructures for business applications are set up. The mySAP.com initiative marks the beginning of a new era of business collaboration. At an astonishingly fast pace, the mySAP vision became a business framework reality, providing a complete portfolio of business functionality for the Internet economy. However, each ecosystem needs a solid technical foundation. This foundation has to be provided by IT infrastructures, consisting of servers, storage, and networks. The basic need for a performing, reliable, and cost-effective platform is still there, if not stronger. In a world where competition is only a mouse click away, an IT infrastructure for an interconnected ecosystem must provide:
To satisfy these demands, a holistic approach is needed. Only a joint effort can make a mySAP.com project successful. However, the experts responsible for the different areas of IT infrastructure within an organization use different terminology and often have a quite different understanding of the requirements. Thus, managers responsible for the technical aspects of an SAP implementation have a tough job. To manage the potential chaos requires a basic understanding of the technology and terminology used for mySAP.com infrastructures. Simply investing in the latest technology solutions isn't always the right answer.
In many discussions with customers, the authors learned that there is a need for a guide to help close the understanding gap between the mySAP.com requirements and the available technologies. This book presents the various infrastructure facets involved in a mySAP.com project, going into more detail when necessary to help explain the requirements of SAP infrastructures so that even those not considered specialists could benefit. Throughout the book practical hints are provided to help focus on the important, as well as sometimes less obvious, solution and configuration choices to be made. The scope of the book, however, is limited to the technical design aspects of the IT infrastructure. Details of the installation and customizing of the SAP software itself, and the even more critical challenges of business process reengineering, are not discussed in this book.
The solutions and architecture described in this book are related to the most recent SAP releases available. In response to market demand, new hardware and software solutions are emerging from the labs at an increasing pace. However, the core software technology and architectures take longer to evolve, thus the basic server, storage, and network technology solutions presented in this book may apply to even future versions of SAP software. In addition, many of these technical solutions presented are valid for other types of client/server-based, non-SAP, enterprise software solutions.
This book was purposely written as an overview of the technical solutions needed for designing hardware infrastructure proposals. It is not intended as in implementation guide. Although this book was written generically by intention, both authors are members of the HP-SAP International Competence Center. Therefore, the opinions expressed are based primarily on experiences with the numerous Hewlett-Packard solutions developed for mySAP.com infrastructures. The HP-SAP International Competence Center, founded in 1989 and operated jointly by SAP and HP, enjoys the longest experience with SAP client/server infrastructures. HP products, proven in several thousand installations, are therefore primarily used as solution examples.
This book is organized in chapters. Chapter 1 sets the foundation for what mySAP.com and SAP systems are all about from an IT perspective. It provides a short review of the mySAP.com Business Applications, along with the SAP system architecture relevant for the remaining chapters.
Chapter 2 introduces the server systems used with SAP software. The focus is on the server technologies that are typically specified, with a detailed look at processor and memory designs. In addition, the aspects of consolidating multiple SAP systems on one server are presented. Chapter 3 focuses on sizing principles, which are used to determine the server's processor and memory configurations. It reviews the various sizing methodologies available, which are illustrated with simple examples.
Chapter 4 presents the hot topic of data storage, with a focus on disk system technology for SAP database servers. A unique approach to sizing disk systems for performance is presented in this chapter. It also reviews many of the advanced data management features found in enterprise storage systems.
Chapter 5 is about high availability and recovery solutions for SAP systems. The solutions presented in this chapter are focused on protecting the SAP application, database, and server and storage layers of the mySAP.com solution stack. However, because technology solutions alone do not make a system highly available, an HA administration philosophy is also presented.
Chapter 6 is about client PCs with focus on the front-end user interfaces for use with SAP. It also addresses output management and printing solutions for SAP.
Chapters 7 through 11 focus on network infrastructure solutions for SAP, including the network requirements of SAP, cabling design, LANs, and WANs. In larger organizations, the network administrators are usually NOT on the application and server/storage administration teams. However, they also must be aware of the performance and availability demands of mySAP.com solutions. This is especially important when response time and availability guarantees are made to the user's desktop.
Chapter 12 is related to connecting mySAP.com systems to the Internet. This reviews the solutions needed for the mySAP.com middleware or Internet Transaction Server.
Each chapter attempts to address the performance, availability, and total cost of ownership topics for its particular set of technology solutions. In addition, each chapter provides an introduction and a summary with bullets highlighting the major recommendations.
Dr. Michael Missbach is a senior consultant at the SAP-HP International Competence Center in Walldorf, Germany. He is responsible for developing mySAP.com Infrastructure solutions. He is focused on system consolidation and SAP on Linux. Michael's professional specialties include network infrastructures from the wire to the web. He has been a project manager and IT superintendent for ALCOA and, since 1990, for GE CompuNet, for which he established the network partnership with SAP. He holds a master's degree in mechanical engineering and a doctor of material science from the University of Karlsruhe, Germany. He lives with his wife and son near Walldorf, Germany. His hobbies include model railroading and Isaac Asimov.
Uwe M. Hoffmann developed training courses focused on SAP with Hewlett-Packard computer systems in the areas of sizing, servers and storage, and high-availability as a senior consultant and trainer with Hewlett-Packard Company at the SAP-HP International Competence Center in Walldorf, Germany. Prior to that he was a technical consultant and trainer with HP's Network Server Division and an alumnus of Andersen Consulting. He has since joined Loudcloud, a leading Internet infrastructure company. He holds a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering and an MBA from Santa Clara University, California. He enjoys playing Ultimate Frisbee, biking, skiing, and reading science fiction. Thanks to being raised bilingual in Mountain View, California, he most recently got the opportunity to live with his wife and daughter in Germany.