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OpenGL ES 3.0 Programming Guide, 2nd Edition

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Description

  • Copyright 2014
  • Dimensions: 7" x 9-1/8"
  • Edition: 2nd
  • Safari PTG
  • ISBN-10: 0-13-344013-3
  • ISBN-13: 978-0-13-344013-3

OpenGL®  ES is the industry’s leading software interface and graphics library for rendering sophisticated 3D graphics on handheld and embedded devices. The newest version, OpenGL ES 3.0, makes it possible to create stunning visuals for new games and apps, without compromising device performance or battery life.

In the OpenGL® ES 3.0 Programming Guide, Second Edition, the authors cover the entire API and Shading Language. They carefully introduce OpenGL ES 3.0 features such as shadow mapping, instancing, multiple render targets, uniform buffer objects, texture compression, program binaries, and transform feedback.

Through detailed, downloadable C-based code examples, you’ll learn how to set up and program every aspect of the graphics pipeline. Step by step, you’ll move from introductory techniques all the way to advanced per-pixel lighting and particle systems. Throughout, you’ll find cutting-edge tips for optimizing performance, maximizing efficiency with both the API and hardware, and fully leveraging OpenGL ES 3.0 in a wide spectrum of applications.

All code has been built and tested on iOS 7, Android 4.3, Windows (OpenGL ES 3.0 Emulation), and Ubuntu Linux, and the authors demonstrate how to build OpenGL ES code for each platform.

Coverage includes

  • EGL API: communicating with the native windowing system, choosing configurations, and creating rendering contexts and surfaces
  • Shaders: creating and attaching shader objects; compiling shaders; checking for compile errors; creating, linking, and querying program objects; and using source shaders and program binaries
  • OpenGL ES Shading Language: variables, types, constructors, structures, arrays, attributes, uniform blocks, I/O variables, precision qualifiers, and invariance
  • Geometry, vertices, and primitives: inputting geometry into the pipeline, and assembling it into primitives
  • 2D/3D, Cubemap, Array texturing: creation, loading, and rendering; texture wrap modes, filtering, and formats; compressed textures, sampler objects, immutable textures, pixel unpack buffer objects, and mipmapping
  • Fragment shaders: multitexturing, fog, alpha test, and user clip planes
  • Fragment operations: scissor, stencil, and depth tests; multisampling, blending, and dithering
  • Framebuffer objects: rendering to offscreen surfaces for advanced effects
  • Advanced rendering: per-pixel lighting, environment mapping, particle systems, image post-processing, procedural textures, shadow mapping, terrain, and projective texturing
  • Sync objects and fences: synchronizing within host application and GPU execution

This edition of the book includes a color insert of the OpenGL ES 3.0 API and OpenGL ES Shading Language 3.0 Reference Cards created by Khronos. The reference cards contain a complete list of all of the functions in OpenGL ES 3.0 along with all of the types, operators, qualifiers, built-ins, and functions in the OpenGL ES Shading Language.

Sample Content

Table of Contents

List of Figures           xvii


List of Examples        xxi


List of Tables            xxv


Foreword                  xxix


Preface                      xxxi

Intended Audience      xxxi

Organization of This Book    xxxii

Example Code and Shaders   xxxvi

Errata     xxxvi


Acknowledgments   xxxvii


About the Authors    xxxix

Chapter 1:  Introduction to OpenGL ES 3.0          1

OpenGL ES 3.0    3

What’s New in OpenGL ES 3.0   11

OpenGL ES 3.0 and Backward Compatibility   17

EGL   19

EGL Command Syntax   20

OpenGL ES Command Syntax   21

Error Handling   22

Basic State Management   23

Further Reading   25

Chapter 2:  Hello Triangle: An OpenGL ES 3.0 Example             27

Code Framework   28

Where to Download the Examples   28

Hello Triangle Example   29

Using the OpenGL ES 3.0 Framework   34

Creating a Simple Vertex and Fragment Shader   35

Compiling and Loading the Shaders   36

Creating a Program Object and Linking the Shaders   38

Setting the Viewport and Clearing the Color Buffer   39

Loading the Geometry and Drawing a Primitive   40

Displaying the Back Buffer   41

Summary   42

Chapter 3:  An Introduction to EGL            43

Communicating with the Windowing System   44

Checking for Errors   45

Initializing EGL   46

Determining the Available Surface Configurations   46

Querying EGLConfig Attributes   48

Letting EGL Choose the Configuration   51

Creating an On-Screen Rendering Area: The EGL Window   53

Creating an Off-Screen Rendering Area: EGL Pbuffers   56

Creating a Rendering Context   60

Making an EGLContext Current   62

Putting All Our EGL Knowledge Together   63

Synchronizing Rendering   66

Summary   67

Chapter 4:  Shaders and Programs            69

Shaders and Programs   69

Uniforms and Attributes   80

Shader Compiler   93

Program Binaries   94

Summary   95

Chapter 5:  OpenGL ES Shading Language         97

OpenGL ES Shading Language Basics   98

Shader Version Specification   98

Variables and Variable Types   99

Variable Constructors   100

Vector and Matrix Components   101

Constants   102

Structures   103

Arrays   104

Operators   104

Functions   106

Built-In Functions   107

Control Flow Statements   107

Uniforms   108

Uniform Blocks   109

Vertex and Fragment Shader Inputs/Outputs   111

Interpolation Qualifiers   114

Preprocessor and Directives   115

Uniform and Interpolator Packing   117

Precision Qualifiers   119

Invariance   121

Summary   123

Chapter 6:  Vertex Attributes, Vertex Arrays, and Buffer Objects          125

Specifying Vertex Attribute Data   126

Declaring Vertex Attribute Variables in a Vertex Shader   135

Vertex Buffer Objects   140

Vertex Array Objects   150

Mapping Buffer Objects   154

Copying Buffer Objects   159

Summary   160

Chapter 7:  Primitive Assembly and Rasterization          161

Primitives   161

Drawing Primitives   165

Primitive Assembly   174

Rasterization   179

Occlusion Queries   183

Summary   185

Chapter 8:  Vertex Shaders           187

Vertex Shader Overview   188

Vertex Shader Examples   196

Generating Texture Coordinates   205

Vertex Skinning   207

Transform Feedback   211

Vertex Textures   214

OpenGL ES 1.1 Vertex Pipeline as an ES 3.0 Vertex Shader   215

Summary   223

Chapter 9:  Texturing            225

Texturing Basics   226

Compressed Textures   262

Texture Subimage Specification   266

Copying Texture Data from the Color Buffer   269

Sampler Objects   273

Immutable Textures   276

Pixel Unpack Buffer Objects   277

Summary   278

Chapter 10:  Fragment Shaders           279

Fixed-Function Fragment Shaders   280

Fragment Shader Overview   282

Implementing Fixed-Function Techniques Using Shaders   286

Summary   295

Chapter 11:  Fragment Operations               297

Buffers   298

Fragment Tests and Operations   303

Blending   311

Dithering   314

Multisampled Anti-Aliasing   314

Reading and Writing Pixels to the Framebuffer   316

Multiple Render Targets   320

Summary   324

Chapter12:  Framebuffer Objects             325

Why Framebuffer Objects?   325

Framebuffer and Renderbuffer Objects   327

Creating Framebuffer and Renderbuffer Objects   329

Using Renderbuffer Objects   330

Using Framebuffer Objects   335

Framebuffer Blits   342

Framebuffer Invalidation   344

Deleting Framebuffer and Renderbuffer Objects   346

Examples   348

Performance Tips and Tricks   354

Summary   355

Chapter 13:  Sync Objects and Fences             357

Flush and Finish   357

Why Use a Sync Object?   358

Creating and Deleting a Sync Object   358

Waiting for and Signaling a Sync Object   359

Example   360

Summary   361

Chapter 14:  Advanced Programming with OpenGL ES 3.0           363

Per-Fragment Lighting   363

Environment Mapping   370

Particle System Using Transform Feedback   380

Image Postprocessing   387

Projective Texturing   390

Noise Using a 3D Texture   397

Procedural Texturing   404

Rendering Terrain with Vertex Texture Fetch   410

Shadows Using a Depth Texture   414

Summary   420

Chapter 15:  State Queries            421

OpenGL ES 3.0 Implementation String Queries   421

Querying Implementation-Dependent Limits   423

Querying OpenGL ES State   429

Hints   435

Entity Name Queries   436

Nonprogrammable Operations Control and Queries   436

Shader and Program State Queries   438

Vertex Attribute Queries   440

Texture State Queries   441

Sampler Queries   442

Asynchronous Object Queries   442

Sync Object Queries   443

Vertex Buffer Queries   444

Renderbuffer and Framebuffer State Queries   445

Summary   446

Chapter 16:  OpenGL ES Platforms          447

Building for Microsoft Windows with Visual Studio   447

Building for Ubuntu Linux   449

Building for Android 4.3+ NDK (C++)   450

Building for Android 4.3+ SDK (Java)   452

Building for iOS 7   453

Summary   455

Appendix A:  GL_HALF_FLOAT            457

16-Bit Floating-Point Number   458

Converting a Float to a Half-Float   459

Appendix B:  Built-In Functions          463

Angle and Trigonometry Functions   465

Exponential Functions   466

Common Functions   467

Floating-Point Pack and Unpack Functions   471

Geometric Functions   472

Matrix Functions   474

Vector Relational Functions   475

Texture Lookup Functions   476

Fragment Processing Functions   483

Appendix C:  ES Framework API           485

Framework Core Functions   485

Transformation Functions   490

Index             495

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