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SEMAT (Software Engineering Methods and Theory) is an international initiative designed to
identify a common ground, or universal standard, for software engineering. It is supported by
some of the most distinguished contributors to the field. Creating a simple language to describe
methods and practices, the SEMAT team expresses this common ground as a kernel–or
framework–of elements essential to all software development.
The Essence of Software Engineering introduces this kernel and shows how to apply it when
developing software and improving a team’s way of working. It is a book for software professionals,
not methodologists. Its usefulness to development team members, who need to evaluate and
choose the best practices for their work, goes well beyond the description or application of
any single method.
“Software is both a craft and a science, both a work of passion and a work of principle.
Writing good software requires both wild flights of imagination and creativity, as well as the hard
reality of engineering tradeoffs. This book is an attempt at describing that balance.”
—Robert Martin (unclebob)
“The work of Ivar Jacobson and his colleagues, started as part of the SEMAT initiative,
has taken a systematic approach to identifying a ‘kernel’ of software engineering principles and
practices that have stood the test of time and recognition.”
—Bertrand Meyer
“The software development industry needs and demands a core kernel and language for defining
software development practices—practices that can be mixed and matched, brought on board from
other organizations; practices that can be measured; practices that can be integrated; and practices
that can be compared and contrasted for speed, quality, and price. This thoughtful book gives a
good grounding in ways to think about the problem, and a language to address the need,
and every software engineer should read it.”
—Richard Soley
Foreword by Robert Martin xvii
Foreword by Bertrand Meyer xxi
Foreword by Richard Soley xxiii
Preface xxvii
Acknowledgments xliii
Part I: The Kernel Idea Explained 1
Chapter 1: A Glimpse of How the Kernel Can Be Used 3
1.1 Why Is Developing Good Software So Challenging? 4
1.2 Getting to the Essence of Software Engineering: The Kernel 5
1.3 Using the Kernel to Address Specific Challenges: An Example 6
1.4 Learning How to Address Development Challenges with the Kernel 10
Chapter 2: A Little More Detail about the Kernel 13
2.1 How to Use the Kernel to Address a Specific Challenge: An Example 13
2.2 Introducing the Alphas 14
2.3 Alphas Have States to Help a Team Achieve Progress 18
2.4 There Is More to the Kernel 21
Chapter 3: A 10,000-Foot View of the Full Kernel 23
3.1 Organizing the Kernel 24
3.2 The Essential Things to Progress and Evolve: The Alphas 25
3.3 The Essential Things to Do: The Activities 32
3.4 Competencies 35
3.5 Finding Out More about the Kernel 36
Chapter 4: The Kernel Alphas Made Tangible with Cards 37
4.1 Using Cards As Aids to Address a Specific Challenge: An Example 38
4.2 Making the Kernel Come Alive 41
Chapter 5: Providing More Details to the Kernel through Practices 43
5.1 Making a Practice Explicit 44
5.2 How Explicit Should Practices Be? 45
5.3 Building Methods from Practices 47
5.4 Learning Methods and Practices 48
Chapter 6: What the Kernel Can Do for You 51
6.1 Developing Great Software 52
6.2 Growing 54
6.3 Learning 55
6.4 Evolving 55
6.5 Further Reading 56
Part II: Using the Kernel to Run an Iteration 59
Chapter 7: Running Iterations with the Kernel: Plan-Do-Check-Adapt 61
7.1 Terminology Used 61
7.2 Plan-Do-Check-Adapt 62
7.3 Setting the Scene 64
7.4 The Focus for the Next Few Chapters 66
Chapter 8: Planning an Iteration 69
8.1 Planning Guided by Alpha States 70
8.2 Determining the Current State in Our Story 73
8.3 Determining the Next State in Our Story 73
8.4 Determining How to Achieve the Next States in Our Story 73
8.5 How the Kernel Helps You in Planning Iterations 78
Chapter 9: Doing and Checking the Iteration 79
9.1 Doing and Checking the Iteration with the Ke
