Home > Store

Cloud Computing: Concepts, Technology & Architecture

Register your product to gain access to bonus material or receive a coupon.

Cloud Computing: Concepts, Technology & Architecture

Safari PTG

  • Your Price: $54.99
Not for Sale

Description

  • Copyright 2013
  • Dimensions: 7" x 9-1/8"
  • Edition: 1st
  • Safari PTG
  • ISBN-10: 0-13-338756-9
  • ISBN-13: 978-0-13-338756-8

Clouds are distributed technology platforms that leverage sophisticated technology innovations to provide highly scalable and resilient environments that can be remotely utilized by organizations in a multitude of powerful ways. To successfully build upon, integrate with, or even create a cloud environment requires an understanding of its common inner mechanics, architectural layers, and models, as well as an understanding of the business and economic factors that result from the adoption and real-world use of cloud-based services.

In Cloud Computing: Concepts, Technology & Architecture, Thomas Erl, one of the world’s top-selling IT authors, teams up with cloud computing experts and researchers to break down proven and mature cloud computing technologies and practices into a series of well-defined concepts, models, technology mechanisms, and technology architectures, all from an industry-centric and vendor-neutral point of view. In doing so, the book establishes concrete, academic coverage with a focus on structure, clarity, and well-defined building blocks for mainstream cloud computing platforms and solutions.

Subsequent to technology-centric coverage, the book proceeds to establish business-centric models and metrics that allow for the financial assessment of cloud-based IT resources and their comparison to those hosted on traditional IT enterprise premises. Also provided are templates and formulas for calculating SLA-related quality-of-service values and numerous explorations of the SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS delivery models.

With more than 260 figures, 29 architectural models, and 20 mechanisms, this indispensable guide provides a comprehensive education of cloud computing essentials that will never leave your side.

Sample Content

Table of Contents

Foreword     xxix

Acknowledgments     xxxiii

CHAPTER 1: Introduction     1

1.1 Objectives of This Book     3

1.2 What This Book Does Not Cover     4

1.3 Who This Book Is For     4

1.4 How This Book Is Organized     4

1.5 Conventions     9

Symbols and Figures     9

Summary of Key Points     9

1.6 Additional Information     9

Updates, Errata, and Resources (www.servicetechbooks.com)      9

Referenced Specifications (www.servicetechspecs.com)      10

The Service Technology Magazine (www.servicetechmag.com)      10

International Service Technology Symposium (www.servicetechsymposium.com)      10

What Is Cloud? (www.whatiscloud.com)      10

What Is REST? (www.whatisrest.com)      10

Cloud Computing Design Patterns (www.cloudpatterns.org)      10

Service-Orientation (www.serviceorientation.com)      11

CloudSchool.com Certified Cloud (CCP) Professional (www.cloudschool.com)      11

SOASchool.com SOA Certified (SOACP) Professional (www.soaschool.com)      11

Notification Service     11

CHAPTER 2: Case Study Background     13

2.1 Case Study #1: ATN     14

Technical Infrastructure and Environment     14

Business Goals and New Strategy     15

Roadmap and Implementation Strategy     15

2.2 Case Study #2: DTGOV     16

Technical Infrastructure and Environment     17

Business Goals and New Strategy     18

Roadmap and Implementation Strategy     19

2.3 Case Study #3: Innovartus Technologies Inc     20

Technical Infrastructure and Environment     20

Business Goals and Strategy     20

Roadmap and Implementation Strategy     21

PART I: FUNDAMENTAL CLOUD COMPUTING

CHAPTER 3: Understanding Cloud Computing     25

3.1 Origins and Influences     26

A Brief History     26

Definitions     27

Business Drivers     28

Capacity Planning     28

Cost Reduction     29

Organizational Agility     30

Technology Innovations     30

Clustering     31

Grid Computing     31

Virtualization     32

Technology Innovations vs. Enabling Technologies     32

3.2 Basic Concepts and Terminology     33

Cloud     33

IT Resource     34

On-Premise     36

Cloud Consumers and Cloud Providers     36

Scaling     37

Horizontal Scaling     37

Vertical Scaling     37

Cloud Service     38

Cloud Service Consumer      40

3.3 Goals and Benefits     40

Reduced Investments and Proportional Costs     41

Increased Scalability     42

Increased Availability and Reliability     43

3.4 Risks and Challenges     45

Increased Security Vulnerabilities     45

Reduced Operational Governance Control     45

Limited Portability Between Cloud Providers     47

Multi-Regional Compliance and Legal Issues     48

CHAPTER 4: Fundamental Concepts and Models     51

4.1 Roles and Boundaries     52

Cloud Provider     52

Cloud Consumer     52

Cloud Service Owner     53

Cloud Resource Administrator     54

Additional Roles     56

Organizational Boundary     56

Trust Boundary     57

4.2 Cloud Characteristics     58

On-Demand Usage     59

Ubiquitous Access     59

Multitenancy (and Resource Pooling)      59

Elasticity     61

Measured Usage     61

Resiliency     61

4.3 Cloud Delivery Models     63

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)      64

Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)      65

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)      66

Comparing Cloud Delivery Models     67

Combining Cloud Delivery Models     69

IaaS + PaaS     69

IaaS + PaaS + SaaS     72

4.4 Cloud Deployment Models     73

Public Clouds     73

Community Clouds     74

Private Clouds     75

Hybrid Clouds     77

Other Cloud Deployment Models     78

CHAPTER 5: Cloud-Enabling Technology     79

5.1 Broadband Networks and Internet Architecture     80

Internet Service Providers (ISPs)      80

Connectionless Packet Switching (Datagram Networks)      83

Router-Based Interconnectivity     83

Physical Network     84

Transport Layer Protocol      84

Application Layer Protocol     85

Technical and Business Considerations     85

Connectivity Issues     85

Network Bandwidth and Latency Issues     88

Cloud Carrier and Cloud Provider Selection     89

5.2 Data Center Technology     90

Virtualization     90

Standardization and Modularity     90

Automation     91

Remote Operation and Management     92

High Availability     92

Security-Aware Design, Operation, and Management     92

Facilities     92

Computing Hardware     93

Storage Hardware     93

Network Hardware     95

Carrier and External Networks Interconnection     95

Web-Tier Load Balancing and Acceleration     95

LAN Fabric     95

SAN Fabric     95

NAS Gateways     95

Other Considerations     96

5.3 Virtualization Technology     97

Hardware Independence     98

Server Consolidation     98

Resource Replication     98

Operating System-Based Virtualization     99

Hardware-Based Virtualization     101

Virtualization Management     102

Other Considerations     102

5.4 Web Technology     103

Basic Web Technology     104

Web Applications     104

5.5 Multitenant Technology     106

5.6 Service Technology     108

Web Services     109

REST Services     110

Service Agents     111

Service Middleware     112

5.7 Case Study Example     113

CHAPTER 6: Fundamental Cloud Security     117

6.1 Basic Terms and Concepts     118

Confidentiality     118

Integrity     119

Authenticity     119

Availability     119

Threat     120

Vulnerability     120

Risk     120

Security Controls     120

Security Mechanisms     121

Security Policies     121

6.2 Threat Agents     121

Anonymous Attacker     122

Malicious Service Agent     123

Trusted Attacker     123

Malicious Insider     123

6.3 Cloud Security Threats     124

Traffic Eavesdropping     124

Malicious Intermediary     124

Denial of Service     126

Insufficient Authorization     127

Virtualization Attack     127

Overlapping Trust Boundaries     129

6.4 Additional Considerations     131

Flawed Implementations     131

Security Policy Disparity     132

Contracts     132

Risk Management     133

6.5 Case Study Example     135

PART II: CLOUD COMPUTING MECHANISMS

CHAPTER 7: Cloud Infrastructure Mechanisms     139

7.1 Logical Network Perimeter     140

Case Study Example     142

7.2 Virtual Server     144

Case Study Example     145

7.3 Cloud Storage Device     149

Cloud Storage Levels     149

Network Storage Interfaces     150

Object Storage Interfaces     151

Database Storage Interfaces     151

Relational Data Storage     151

Non-Relational Data Storage     152

Case Study Example     152

7.4 Cloud Usage Monitor     155

Monitoring Agent     155

Resource Agent     155

Polling Agent     157

Case Study Example     157

7.5 Resource Replication     161

Case Study Example     162

7.6 Ready-Made Environment     166

Case Study Example     167

CHAPTER 8: Specialized Cloud Mechanisms     169

8.1 Automated Scaling Listener     170

Case Study Example     172

8.2 Load Balancer     176

Case Study Example     177

8.3 SLA Monitor     178

Case Study Example     180

SLA Monitor Polling Agent     180

SLA Monitoring Agent     180

8.4 Pay-Per-Use Monitor     184

Case Study Example     187

8.5 Audit Monitor     189

Case Study Example     189

8.6 Failover System     191

Active-Active     191

Active-Passive     194

Case Study Example     196

8.7 Hypervisor     200

Case Study Example     201

8.8 Resource Cluster     203

Case Study Example     206

8.9 Multi-Device Broker     208

Case Study Example     209

8.10 State Management Database     210

Case Study Example     211

CHAPTER 9: Cloud Management Mechanisms     213

9.1 Remote Administration System     214

Case Study Example     219

9.2 Resource Management System     219

Case Study Example     221

9.3 SLA Management System     222

Case Study Example     224

9.4 Billing Management System     225

Case Study Example     227

CHAPTER 10: Cloud Security Mechanisms     229

10.1 Encryption     230

Symmetric Encryption     231

Asymmetric Encryption     231

Case Study Example     233

10.2 Hashing     234

Case Study Example     235

10.3 Digital Signature     236

Case Study Example     238

10.4 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)      240

Case Study Example     242

10.5 Identity and Access Management (IAM)      243

Case Study Example     244

10.6 Single Sign-On (SSO)      244

Case Study Example     246

10.7 Cloud-Based Security Groups     247

Case Study Example     249

10.8 Hardened Virtual Server Images     251

Case Study Example     252

PART III: CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE

CHAPTER 11: Fundamental Cloud Architectures     255

11.1 Workload Distribution Architecture     256

11.2 Resource Pooling Architecture     257

11.3 Dynamic Scalability Architecture     262

11.4 Elastic Resource Capacity Architecture     265

11.5 Service Load Balancing Architecture     268

11.6 Cloud Bursting Architecture     271

11.7 Elastic Disk Provisioning Architecture     272

11.8 Redundant Storage Architecture     275

11.9 Case Study Example     277

CHAPTER 12: Advanced Cloud Architectures     281

12.1 Hypervisor Clustering Architecture     282

12.2 Load Balanced Virtual Server Instances Architecture     288

12.3 Non-Disruptive Service Relocation Architecture     293

12.4 Zero Downtime Architecture     298

12.5 Cloud Balancing Architecture     299

12.6 Resource Reservation Architecture     301

12.7 Dynamic Failure Detection and Recovery Architecture     306

12.8 Bare-Metal Provisioning Architecture     309

12.9 Rapid Provisioning Architecture     312

12.10 Storage Workload Management Architecture     315

12.11 Case Study Example     321

CHAPTER 13: Specialized Cloud Architectures     323

13.1 Direct I/O Access Architecture     324

13.2 Direct LUN Access Architecture     326

13.3 Dynamic Data Normalization Architecture     329

13.4 Elastic Network Capacity Architecture     330

13.5 Cross-Storage Device Vertical Tiering Architecture     332

13.6 Intra-Storage Device Vertical Data Tiering Architecture     337

13.7 Load Balanced Virtual Switches Architecture     340

13.8 Multipath Resource Access Architecture     342

13.9 Persistent Virtual Network Configuration Architecture     344

13.10 Redundant Physical Connection for Virtual Servers Architecture     347

13.11 Storage Maintenance Window Architecture     350

PART IV: WORKING WITH CLOUDS

CHAPTER 14: Cloud Delivery Model Considerations     359

14.1 Cloud Delivery Models: The Cloud Provider Perspective     360

Building IaaS Environments     360

Data Centers     361

Scalability and Reliability     363

Monitoring     363

Security     364

Equipping PaaS Environments     364

Scalability and Reliability     365

Monitoring     367

Security     367

Optimizing SaaS Environments     367

Security     370

14.2 Cloud Delivery Models: The Cloud Consumer Perspective     370

Working with IaaS Environments     370

IT Resource Provisioning Considerations     372

Working with PaaS Environments     373

IT Resource Provisioning Considerations     373

Working with SaaS Services     374

14.3 Case Study Example     375

CHAPTER 15: Cost Metrics and Pricing Models     379

15.1 Business Cost Metrics     380

Up-Front and On-Going Costs     380

Additional Costs     381

Case Study Example     382

Product Catalog Browser     382

On-Premise Up-Front Costs     382

On-Premise On-Going Costs     383

Cloud-Based Up-Front Costs     383

Cloud-Based On-Going Costs     383

Client Database     385

On-Premise Up-Front Costs     385

On-Premise On-Going Costs     385

Cloud-Based Up-Front Costs     385

Cloud-Based On-Going Costs     385

15.2 Cloud Usage Cost Metrics     387

Network Usage     387

Inbound Network Usage Metric     387

Outbound Network Usage Metric     388

Intra-Cloud WAN Usage Metric     388

Server Usage     389

On-Demand Virtual Machine Instance Allocation Metric     389

Reserved Virtual Machine Instance Allocation Metric     389

Cloud Storage Device Usage     390

On-Demand Storage Space Allocation Metric     390

I/O Data Transferred Metric     390

Cloud Service Usage     390

Application Subscription Duration Metric     390

Number of Nominated Users Metric     391

Number of Transactions Users Metric      391

15.3 Cost Management Considerations     391

Pricing Models     393

Additional Considerations     395

Case Study Example     396

Virtual Server On-Demand Instance Allocation     397

Virtual Server Reserved Instance Allocation     399

Cloud Storage Device     401

WAN Traffic     401

CHAPTER 16: Service Quality Metrics and SLAs     403

16.1 Service Quality Metrics     404

Service Availability Metrics     405

Availability Rate Metric     405

Outage Duration Metric     406

Service Reliability Metrics     407

Mean-Time Between Failures (MTBF) Metric     407

Reliability Rate Metric     407

Service Performance Metrics     407

Network Capacity Metric     408

Storage Device Capacity Metric     408

Server Capacity Metric     408

Web Application Capacity Metric     408

Instance Starting Time Metric     409

Response Time Metric     409

Completion Time Metric     409

Service Scalability Metrics     409

Storage Scalability (Horizontal) Metric     410

Server Scalability (Horizontal) Metric     410

Server Scalability (Vertical) Metric     410

Service Resiliency Metrics     411

Mean-Time to Switchover (MTSO) Metric     411

Mean-Time System Recovery (MTSR) Metric     412

16.2 Case Study Example     412

16.3 SLA Guidelines     413

16.4 Case Study Example     416

Scope and Applicability     416

Service Quality Guarantees     416

Definitions     417

Usage of Financial Credits     417

SLA Exclusions     418

PART V: APPENDICES

Appendix A: Case Study Conclusions     421

A.1 ATN     422

A.2 DTGOV     422

A.3 Innovartus     424

Appendix B: Industry Standards Organizations     427

B.1 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)      428

B.2 Cloud Security Alliance (CSA)      429

B.3 Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF)      429

B.4 Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA)      430

B.5 Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS)      430

B.6 The Open Group     430

B.7 Open Cloud Consortium (OCC)      431

B.8 European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)      431

B.9 Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)      431

B.10 Liberty Alliance     432

B.11 Open Grid Forum (OGF)      432

Appendix C: Mapping Mechanisms to Characteristics     433

Appendix D: Data Center Facilities (TIA-942)      437

D.1 Primary Rooms     438

Electrical Room     438

Mechanical Room     438

Storage and Staging     438

Offices, Operations Center, and Support     438

Telecommunications Entrance     438

Computer Room     439

D.2 Environmental Controls     440

External Electrical Power Provider Interconnection     440

Power Distribution     441

Uninterruptible Power Source (UPS)      441

Power Engine-Generator     441

D.3 Infrastructure Redundancy Summary     442

Appendix E: Emerging Technologies     443

E.1 Autonomic Computing     444

E.2 Grid Computing     445

Service Grids     446

Appendix F: Cloud Provisioning Contracts     449

F.1 Cloud Provisioning Contract Structure     450

Terms of Service     452

Service Usage Policy     452

Security and Privacy Policy     453

Warranties and Liabilities     455

Rights and Responsibilities     455

Termination and Renewal     456

Specifications and SLAs     456

Pricing and Billing     457

Other Issues     457

Legal and Compliance Issues     457

Auditability and Accountability     457

Changes in the Contract Terms and Conditions     457

F.2 Cloud Provider Selection Guidelines     458

Cloud Provider Viability     458

Appendix G: Cloud Business Case Template     461

G.1 Business Case Identification     462

G.2 Business Needs     462

G.3 Target Cloud Environment     463

G.4 Technical Issues     464

G.5 Economic Factors     464

About the Authors     465

About the Foreword Contributor     467

About the Contributors     469

Index     471

Updates

Submit Errata

More Information

InformIT Promotional Mailings & Special Offers

I would like to receive exclusive offers and hear about products from InformIT and its family of brands. I can unsubscribe at any time.

Overview


Pearson Education, Inc., 221 River Street, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, (Pearson) presents this site to provide information about products and services that can be purchased through this site.

This privacy notice provides an overview of our commitment to privacy and describes how we collect, protect, use and share personal information collected through this site. Please note that other Pearson websites and online products and services have their own separate privacy policies.

Collection and Use of Information


To conduct business and deliver products and services, Pearson collects and uses personal information in several ways in connection with this site, including:

Questions and Inquiries

For inquiries and questions, we collect the inquiry or question, together with name, contact details (email address, phone number and mailing address) and any other additional information voluntarily submitted to us through a Contact Us form or an email. We use this information to address the inquiry and respond to the question.

Online Store

For orders and purchases placed through our online store on this site, we collect order details, name, institution name and address (if applicable), email address, phone number, shipping and billing addresses, credit/debit card information, shipping options and any instructions. We use this information to complete transactions, fulfill orders, communicate with individuals placing orders or visiting the online store, and for related purposes.

Surveys

Pearson may offer opportunities to provide feedback or participate in surveys, including surveys evaluating Pearson products, services or sites. Participation is voluntary. Pearson collects information requested in the survey questions and uses the information to evaluate, support, maintain and improve products, services or sites, develop new products and services, conduct educational research and for other purposes specified in the survey.

Contests and Drawings

Occasionally, we may sponsor a contest or drawing. Participation is optional. Pearson collects name, contact information and other information specified on the entry form for the contest or drawing to conduct the contest or drawing. Pearson may collect additional personal information from the winners of a contest or drawing in order to award the prize and for tax reporting purposes, as required by law.

Newsletters

If you have elected to receive email newsletters or promotional mailings and special offers but want to unsubscribe, simply email information@informit.com.

Service Announcements

On rare occasions it is necessary to send out a strictly service related announcement. For instance, if our service is temporarily suspended for maintenance we might send users an email. Generally, users may not opt-out of these communications, though they can deactivate their account information. However, these communications are not promotional in nature.

Customer Service

We communicate with users on a regular basis to provide requested services and in regard to issues relating to their account we reply via email or phone in accordance with the users' wishes when a user submits their information through our Contact Us form.

Other Collection and Use of Information


Application and System Logs

Pearson automatically collects log data to help ensure the delivery, availability and security of this site. Log data may include technical information about how a user or visitor connected to this site, such as browser type, type of computer/device, operating system, internet service provider and IP address. We use this information for support purposes and to monitor the health of the site, identify problems, improve service, detect unauthorized access and fraudulent activity, prevent and respond to security incidents and appropriately scale computing resources.

Web Analytics

Pearson may use third party web trend analytical services, including Google Analytics, to collect visitor information, such as IP addresses, browser types, referring pages, pages visited and time spent on a particular site. While these analytical services collect and report information on an anonymous basis, they may use cookies to gather web trend information. The information gathered may enable Pearson (but not the third party web trend services) to link information with application and system log data. Pearson uses this information for system administration and to identify problems, improve service, detect unauthorized access and fraudulent activity, prevent and respond to security incidents, appropriately scale computing resources and otherwise support and deliver this site and its services.

Cookies and Related Technologies

This site uses cookies and similar technologies to personalize content, measure traffic patterns, control security, track use and access of information on this site, and provide interest-based messages and advertising. Users can manage and block the use of cookies through their browser. Disabling or blocking certain cookies may limit the functionality of this site.

Do Not Track

This site currently does not respond to Do Not Track signals.

Security


Pearson uses appropriate physical, administrative and technical security measures to protect personal information from unauthorized access, use and disclosure.

Children


This site is not directed to children under the age of 13.

Marketing


Pearson may send or direct marketing communications to users, provided that

  • Pearson will not use personal information collected or processed as a K-12 school service provider for the purpose of directed or targeted advertising.
  • Such marketing is consistent with applicable law and Pearson's legal obligations.
  • Pearson will not knowingly direct or send marketing communications to an individual who has expressed a preference not to receive marketing.
  • Where required by applicable law, express or implied consent to marketing exists and has not been withdrawn.

Pearson may provide personal information to a third party service provider on a restricted basis to provide marketing solely on behalf of Pearson or an affiliate or customer for whom Pearson is a service provider. Marketing preferences may be changed at any time.

Correcting/Updating Personal Information


If a user's personally identifiable information changes (such as your postal address or email address), we provide a way to correct or update that user's personal data provided to us. This can be done on the Account page. If a user no longer desires our service and desires to delete his or her account, please contact us at customer-service@informit.com and we will process the deletion of a user's account.

Choice/Opt-out


Users can always make an informed choice as to whether they should proceed with certain services offered by InformIT. If you choose to remove yourself from our mailing list(s) simply visit the following page and uncheck any communication you no longer want to receive: www.informit.com/u.aspx.

Sale of Personal Information


Pearson does not rent or sell personal information in exchange for any payment of money.

While Pearson does not sell personal information, as defined in Nevada law, Nevada residents may email a request for no sale of their personal information to NevadaDesignatedRequest@pearson.com.

Supplemental Privacy Statement for California Residents


California residents should read our Supplemental privacy statement for California residents in conjunction with this Privacy Notice. The Supplemental privacy statement for California residents explains Pearson's commitment to comply with California law and applies to personal information of California residents collected in connection with this site and the Services.

Sharing and Disclosure


Pearson may disclose personal information, as follows:

  • As required by law.
  • With the consent of the individual (or their parent, if the individual is a minor)
  • In response to a subpoena, court order or legal process, to the extent permitted or required by law
  • To protect the security and safety of individuals, data, assets and systems, consistent with applicable law
  • In connection the sale, joint venture or other transfer of some or all of its company or assets, subject to the provisions of this Privacy Notice
  • To investigate or address actual or suspected fraud or other illegal activities
  • To exercise its legal rights, including enforcement of the Terms of Use for this site or another contract
  • To affiliated Pearson companies and other companies and organizations who perform work for Pearson and are obligated to protect the privacy of personal information consistent with this Privacy Notice
  • To a school, organization, company or government agency, where Pearson collects or processes the personal information in a school setting or on behalf of such organization, company or government agency.

Links


This web site contains links to other sites. Please be aware that we are not responsible for the privacy practices of such other sites. We encourage our users to be aware when they leave our site and to read the privacy statements of each and every web site that collects Personal Information. This privacy statement applies solely to information collected by this web site.

Requests and Contact


Please contact us about this Privacy Notice or if you have any requests or questions relating to the privacy of your personal information.

Changes to this Privacy Notice


We may revise this Privacy Notice through an updated posting. We will identify the effective date of the revision in the posting. Often, updates are made to provide greater clarity or to comply with changes in regulatory requirements. If the updates involve material changes to the collection, protection, use or disclosure of Personal Information, Pearson will provide notice of the change through a conspicuous notice on this site or other appropriate way. Continued use of the site after the effective date of a posted revision evidences acceptance. Please contact us if you have questions or concerns about the Privacy Notice or any objection to any revisions.

Last Update: November 17, 2020