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CCNA ICND2 Official Exam Certification Guide (CCNA Exams 640-816 and 640-802), 2nd Edition

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CCNA ICND2 Official Exam Certification Guide (CCNA Exams 640-816 and 640-802), 2nd Edition

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  • Copyright 2008
  • Edition: 2nd
  • Book
  • ISBN-10: 1-58720-181-X
  • ISBN-13: 978-1-58720-181-3

New Edition of Best Selling Official Cert Guide Available

Includes Updated Content, New Exercises, and Expanded Coverage -- PLUS includes CCNA Network Simulator Lite Edition.

The new edition of bestselling Official Cert Guide is available: CCNA ICND2 640-816 Official Cert Guide, Third Edition (ISBN: 978-1-58720-435-7) by Wendell Odom has been updated to refresh the content, add new exercises, and enhance certain topics that are key to understanding for success on the CCNA exams. Chapters on VLSM, route summarization, and IP access control lists have been completely revised. In addition the book contains new practice exercises for all three of these topics to help reinforce the concepts and increase computation speed for exam preparation.

CCNA ICND2 640-816 Official Cert Guide, 3rd Edition
ISBN: 978-1-58720-435-7

About the Previous Edition - Now Out of Print

CCNA ICND2 Official Exam Certification Guide, Second Edition, is a best of breed Cisco® exam study guide that focuses specifically on the objectives for the CCNA® ICND2 exam. This fully updated edition presents complete reviews and a more challenging and realistic exam preparation experience.

Senior instructor and best-selling author Wendell Odom shares preparation hints and test-taking tips, helping you identify areas of weakness and improve both your conceptual knowledge and hands-on skills. The material is presented in a concise manner, focused on increasing your understanding of exam topics and preparing you for the numerous challenges the exams present.

CCNA ICND2 Official Exam Certification Guide, Second Edition, presents you with an organized test preparation routine through the use of proven series elements and techniques. “Do I Know This Already?” quizzes open each chapter and allow you to decide how much time you need to spend on each section. Chapter-ending Exam Preparation Tasks sections help you drill on key concepts you must know thoroughly and help increase your speed in answering questions, a difficult hurdle many exam candidates face on the new exams. A Final Preparation chapter guides you through tools and resources to help you craft your final study plan. Special troubleshooting sections help you master the complex scenarios you will face on the exam.

The companion CD-ROM contains a powerful testing engine that allows you to focus on individual topic areas or take complete, timed exams. The assessment engine also tracks your performance and provides feedback on a chapter-by-chapter basis, presenting question-by-question remediation to the text. The bonus DVD contains more than 60 minutes of personal video mentoring from the author focused mainly on bringing difficult subnetting concepts to life.

Well-regarded for its level of detail, assessment features, and challenging practice questions, this book provides you with more detailed information and more realistic practice exercises than any other CCNA study guide, enabling you to succeed on the exam the first time.

CCNA ICND2 Official Exam Certification Guide, Second Edition, is part of a recommended learning path from Cisco that includes simulation and hands-on training from authorized Cisco Learning Partners and self-study products from Cisco Press. To find out more about instructor-led training, e-learning, and hands-on instruction offered by authorized Cisco Learning Partners worldwide, please visit www.cisco.com/go/authorizedtraining.

Wendell Odom, CCIE® No. 1624, has been in the networking industry since 1981. He currently teaches QoS, MPLS, and CCNA courses for Skyline Advanced Technology Services (www.skyline-ats.com). Wendell has worked as a network engineer, consultant, systems engineer, and instructor and course developer, and has taught authorized Cisco courses for the majority of the last 14 years.

The official study guide helps you master all the topics on the CCNA ICND2 exam, including

  • Virtual LANs and Spanning Tree Protocol
  • Static and connected routes
  • VLSM and route summarization
  • IP access control lists
  • OSPF and EIGRP configuration
  • Point-to-point WANs
  • Frame Relay
  • VPNs
  • Network address translation
  • IPv6
  • Troubleshooting

Companion CD-ROM

The CD-ROM contains an electronic copy of the book and 200 practice questions for the ICND2 and full CCNA exams, including simulation and testlet questions, all available in study mode and test mode.

BONUS DVD

The DVD contains more than 60 minutes of personal instruction from the author!

This volume is part of the Exam Certification Guide Series from Cisco Press®. Books in this series provide officially developed exam preparation materials that offer assessment, review, and practice to help Cisco Career Certification candidates identify weaknesses, concentrate their study efforts, and enhance their confidence as exam day nears.

Sample Content

Online Sample Chapter

CCNA ICND2 Exam Guide: Troubleshooting IP Routing

Sample Pages

Download the sample pages (includes Chapter 7 and Index)

Table of Contents

Foreword

Introduction

Part I: LAN Switching

Chapter 1 Virtual LANs

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 5

Foundation Topics 9

Virtual LAN Concepts

    Trunking with ISL and 802.1Q

        ISL

        IEEE 802.1Q

        ISL and 802.1Q Compared

    IP Subnets and VLANs

    VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)

Normal VTP Operation Using VTP Server and Client Modes

        Three Requirements for VTP to Work Between Two Switches

        Avoiding VTP by Using VTP Transparent Mode

        Storing VLAN Configuration

        VTP Versions

        VTP Pruning

        Summary of VTP Features

VLAN and VLAN Trunking Configuration and Verification

    Creating VLANs and Assigning Access VLANs to an Interface

        VLAN Configuration Example 1: Full VLAN Configuration

        VLAN Configuration Example 2: Shorter VLAN Configuration

    VLAN Trunking Configuration

        Controlling Which VLANs Can Be Supported on a Trunk

        Trunking to Cisco IP Phones

    Securing VLANs and Trunking

VTP Configuration and Verification

    Using VTP: Configuring Servers and Clients

    Caveats When Moving Away from Default VTP Configuration

    Avoiding VTP: Configuring Transparent Mode

    Troubleshooting VTP

        Determining Why VTP Is Not Currently Working

        Problems When Connecting New Switches and Bringing Up Trunks

        Avoiding VTP Problems Through Best Practices

Exam Preparation Tasks

Review All the Key Topics

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory

Definitions of Key Terms

Command Reference to Check Your Memory

Chapter 2 Spanning Tree Protocol

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz

Foundation Topics

Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1d)

    The Need for Spanning Tree

    What IEEE 802.1d Spanning Tree Does

    How Spanning Tree Works

        The STP Bridge ID and Hello BPDU

        Electing the Root Switch

        Choosing Each Switch's Root Port

        Choosing the Designated Port on Each LAN Segment

        Reacting to Changes in the Network

    Optional STP Features

        EtherChannel

        PortFast

        STP Security

Rapid STP (IEEE 802.1w)

    RSTP Link and Edge Types

    RSTP Port States

    RSTP Port Roles

    RSTP Convergence

        Edge-Type Behavior and PortFast

        Link-Type Shared

        Link-Type Point-to-Point

        An Example of Speedy RSTP Convergence

STP Configuration and Verification

    Multiple Instances of STP

    Configuration Options That Influence the Spanning Tree Topology

        The Bridge ID and System ID Extension

        Per-VLAN Port Costs

        STP Configuration Option Summary

    Verifying Default STP Operation

    Configuring STP Port Costs and Switch Priority

    Configuring PortFast and BPDU Guard

    Configuring EtherChannel

    Configuring RSTP

STP Troubleshooting

    Determining the Root Switch

    Determining the Root Port on Nonroot Switches

    Determining the Designated Port on Each LAN Segment

    STP Convergence

Exam Preparation Tasks

Review All the Key Topics

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory

Definitions of Key Terms

Command Reference to Check Your Memory

Chapter 3 Troubleshooting LAN Switching

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz

Foundation Topics

Generalized Troubleshooting Methodologies

    Analyzing and Predicting Normal Network Operation

        Data Plane Analysis

        Control Plane Analysis

        Predicting Normal Operations: Summary of the Process

    Problem Isolation

    Root Cause Analysis

    Real World Versus the Exams

Troubleshooting the LAN Switching Data Plane

    An Overview of the Normal LAN Switch Forwarding Process

    Step 1: Confirm the Network Diagrams Using CDP

    Step 2: Isolate Interface Problems

        Interface Status Codes and Reasons for Nonworking States

        The notconnect State and Cabling Pinouts

        Interface Speed and Duplex Issues

    Step 3: Isolate Filtering and Port Security Problems

    Step 4: Isolate VLAN and Trunking Problems

        Ensuring That the Right Access Interfaces Are in the Right VLANs

        Access VLANs Not Being Defined or Being Active

        Identify Trunks and VLANs Forwarded on Those Trunks

    Example: Troubleshooting the Data Plane

        Step 1: Verify the Accuracy of the Diagram Using CDP

        Step 2: Check for Interface Problems

        Step 3: Check for Port Security Problems

        Step 4: Check for VLAN and VLAN Trunk Problems

Predicting Normal Operation of the LAN Switching Data Plane

    PC1 Broadcast in VLAN 1

    Forwarding Path: Unicast from R1 to PC1

Exam Preparation Tasks

Review All the Key Topics

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory

Part II: IP Routing

Chapter 4 IP Routing: Static and Connected Routes

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz

Foundation Topics

IP Routing and Addressing

    IP Routing

    IP Addressing and Subnetting

        IP Forwarding by Matching the Most Specific Route

    DNS, DHCP, ARP, and ICMP

    Fragmentation and MTU

Routes to Directly Connected Subnets

    Secondary IP Addressing

    Supporting Connected Routes to Subnet Zero

    ISL and 802.1Q Configuration on Routers

Static Routes

    Configuring Static Routes

    The Extended ping Command

    Static Default Routes

        Default Routes Using the ip route Command

        Default Routes Using the ip default-network Command

    Default Route Summary

    Classful and Classless Routing

        Summary of the Use of the Terms Classless and Classful

        Classless and Classful Routing Compared

Exam Preparation Tasks

Review All the Key Topics

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory

Definitions of Key Terms

Command Reference to Check Your Memory

Chapter 5 VLSM and Route Summarization

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz

Foundation Topics

VLSM

    Classless and Classful Routing Protocols

    Overlapping VLSM Subnets

    Designing a Subnetting Scheme Using VLSM

    Adding a New Subnet to an Existing Design

    VLSM Configuration

Manual Route Summarization

    Route Summarization Concepts

    Route Summarization Strategies

        Sample "Best" Summary on Seville

        Sample "Best" Summary on Yosemite

Autosummarization and Discontiguous Classful Networks

    An Example of Autosummarization

    Discontiguous Classful Networks

    Autosummarization Support and Configuration

Exam Preparation Tasks

Review All the Key Topics

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory

Definitions of Key Terms

Read Appendix F Scenarios

Command Reference to Check Your Memory

Chapter 6 IP Access Control Lists

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz

Foundation Topics

Standard IP Access Control Lists

    IP Standard ACL Concepts

        Wildcard Masks

        A Quicker Alternative for Interpreting Wildcard Masks

    Standard IP Access List Configuration

        Standard IP ACL: Example 1

        Standard IP ACL: Example 2

Extended IP Access Control Lists

    Extended IP ACL Concepts

    Matching TCP and UDP Port Numbers

    Extended IP ACL Configuration

        Extended IP Access Lists: Example 1

        Extended IP Access Lists: Example 2

Advances in Managing ACL Configuration

    Named IP Access Lists

    Editing ACLs Using Sequence Numbers

Miscellaneous ACL Topics

    Controlling Telnet and SSH Access with ACLs

    ACL Implementation Considerations

    Reflexive Access Lists

    Dynamic ACLs

    Time-Based ACLs

Exam Preparation Tasks

Review All the Key Topics

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory

Read the Appendix F Scenarios

Definitions of Key Terms

Command Reference to Check Your Memory

Chapter 7 Troubleshooting IP Routing

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz

Foundation Topics

The ping and traceroute Commands

    Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

        The ping Command and the ICMP Echo Request and Echo Reply

        The Destination Unreachable ICMP Message

        The Redirect ICMP Message

        The ICMP Time Exceeded Message

    The traceroute Command

Troubleshooting the Packet Forwarding Process

    Isolating IP Routing Problems Related to Hosts

    Isolating IP Routing Problems Related to Routers

        Troubleshooting Scenario 1: Forward Route Problem

        Troubleshooting Scenario 2: Reverse Route Problem

        An Alternative Problem Isolation Process for Steps 3, 4, and 5

Troubleshooting Tools and Tips

    Host Routing Tools and Perspectives

        Host Troubleshooting Tips

        LAN Switch IP Support

    show ip route Reference

    Interface Status

    VLSM Issues

        Recognizing When VLSM Is Used

        Configuring Overlapping VLSM Subnets

        Symptoms with Overlapping Subnets

        VLSM Troubleshooting Summary

    Discontiguous Networks and Autosummary

    Access List Troubleshooting Tips

Exam Preparation Tasks

Review All the Key Topics

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory

Definitions of Key Terms

Part III: Routing Protocols Configuration and Troubleshooting

Chapter 8 Routing Protocol Theory

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz

Foundation Topics

Dynamic Routing Protocol Overview

    Routing Protocol Functions

    Interior and Exterior Routing Protocols

    Comparing IGPs

    IGP Routing Protocol Algorithms

        Metrics

        IGP Comparisons: Summary

        Administrative Distance

Distance Vector Routing Protocol Features

    The Concept of a Distance and a Vector

    Distance Vector Operation in a Stable Network

    Distance Vector Loop Prevention

        Route Poisoning

        Problem: Counting to Infinity over a Single Link

        Split Horizon

        Poison Reverse and Triggered Updates

        Problem: Counting to Infinity in a Redundant Network

        The Holddown Process and Holddown Timer

    Distance Vector Summary

Link-State Routing Protocol Features

    Building the Same LSDB on Every Router

    Applying Dijkstra SPF Math to Find the Best Routes

    Convergence with Link-State Protocols

    Summary and Comparisons to Distance Vector Protocols

Exam Preparation Tasks

Review All the Key Topics

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory

Definitions of Key Terms

Command Reference to Check Your Memory

Chapter 9 OSPF

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz

Foundation Topics

OSPF Protocols and Operation

    OSPF Neighbors

        Identifying OSPF Routers with a Router ID

        Meeting Neighbors by Saying Hello

        Potential Problems in Becoming a Neighbor

        Neighbor States

    OSPF Topology Database Exchange

        Overview of the OSPF Database Exchange Process

        Choosing a Designated Router

        Database Exchange

        Maintaining the LSDB While Being Fully Adjacent

        Summary of Neighbor States

    Building the IP Routing Table

    Scaling OSPF Through Hierarchical Design

        OSPF Areas

        OSPF Area Design Advantages

OSPF Configuration

    OSPF Single-Area Configuration

    OSPF Configuration with Multiple Areas

    Configuring the OSPF Router ID

    OSPF Hello and Dead Timers

    OSPF Metrics (Cost)

    OSPF Authentication

    OSPF Load Balancing

Exam Preparation Tasks

Review All the Key Topics

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory

Definitions of Key Terms

Command Reference to Check Your Memory

Chapter 10 EIGRP

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz

Foundation Topics

EIGRP Concepts and Operation

    EIGRP Neighbors

    Exchanging EIGRP Topology Information

    Calculating the Best Routes for the Routing Table

        Feasible Distance and Reported Distance

        Caveats with Bandwidth on Serial Links

    EIGRP Convergence

        EIGRP Successors and Feasible Successors

        The Query and Reply Process

    EIGRP Summary and Comparisons with OSPF

EIGRP Configuration and Verification

    Basic EIGRP Configuration

    EIGRP Metrics, Successors, and Feasible Successors

        Creating and Viewing a Feasible Successor Route

        Convergence Using the Feasible Successor Route

    EIGRP Authentication

    EIGRP Maximum Paths and Variance

    Tuning the EIGRP Metric Calculation

Exam Preparation Tasks

Review All the Key Topics

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory

Definitions of Key Terms

Command Reference to Check Your Memory

Chapter 11 Troubleshooting Routing Protocols

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz

Foundation Topics

Perspectives on Troubleshooting Routing Protocol Problems

Interfaces Enabled with a Routing Protocol

    EIGRP Interface Troubleshooting Example

    OSPF Interface Troubleshooting Example

Neighbor Relationships

    EIGRP Neighbor Requirements

    OSPF Neighbor Requirements

        OSPF Neighbor Example 1

        OSPF Neighbor Example 2

        The MTU Matching Requirement

Exam Preparation Tasks

Review All the Key Topics

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory

Command Reference to Check Your Memory

Part IV: Wide-Area Networks

Chapter 12 Point-to-Point WANs

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz

Foundation Topics

PPP Concepts

    The PPP Protocol Field

    PPP Link Control Protocol (LCP)

        Looped Link Detection

        Enhanced Error Detection

        PPP Multilink

        PPP Authentication

PPP Configuration

    Basic PPP Configuration

    CHAP Configuration and Verification

    PAP Configuration

Troubleshooting Serial Links

    Troubleshooting Layer 1 Problems

    Troubleshooting Layer 2 Problems

        Keepalive Failure

        PAP and CHAP Authentication Failure

    Troubleshooting Layer 3 Problems

Exam Preparation Tasks

Review All the Key Topics

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory

Definitions of Key Terms

Command Reference to Check Your Memory

Chapter 13 Frame Relay Concepts

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz

Foundation Topics

Frame Relay Overview

    Frame Relay Standards

    Virtual Circuits

    LMI and Encapsulation Types

Frame Relay Addressing

    Frame Relay Local Addressing

    Frame Relay Global Addressing

Network Layer Concerns with Frame Relay

    Frame Relay Layer 3 Addressing: One Subnet Containing All Frame Relay DTEs

    Frame Relay Layer 3 Addressing: One Subnet Per VC

    Frame Relay Layer 3 Addressing: Hybrid Approach

    Layer 3 Broadcast Handling

Controlling Speed and Discards in the Frame Relay Cloud

    FECN and BECN

    The Discard Eligibility (DE) Bit

Exam Preparation Tasks

Review All the Key Topics

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory

Definitions of Key Terms

Chapter 14 Frame Relay Configuration and Troubleshooting

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz

Foundation Topics

Frame Relay Configuration and Verification

    Planning a Frame Relay Configuration

    A Fully Meshed Network with One IP Subnet

    Configuring the Encapsulation and LMI

    Frame Relay Address Mapping

        Inverse ARP

        Static Frame Relay Mapping

    A Partially Meshed Network with One IP Subnet Per VC

        Assigning a DLCI to a Particular Subinterface

        Comments About Global and Local Addressing

        Frame Relay Verification

    A Partially Meshed Network with Some Fully Meshed Parts

Frame Relay Troubleshooting

    A Suggested Frame Relay Troubleshooting Process

    Layer 1 Issues on the Access Link (Step 1)

    Layer 2 Issues on the Access Link (Step 2)

    PVC Problems and Status (Step 3)

        Find the Connected Subnet and Outgoing Interface (Steps 3a and 3b)

        Find the PVCs Assigned to That Interface (Step 3c)

        Determine Which PVC Is Used to Reach a Particular Neighbor (Step 3d)

        PVC Status

        Subinterface Status

    Frame Relay Mapping Issues (Step 4)

    End-to-End Encapsulation (Step 5)

    Mismatched Subnet Numbers (Step 6)

Exam Preparation Tasks

Review All the Key Topics

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory

Read the Appendix F Scenarios

Command Reference to Check Your Memory

Chapter 15 Virtual Private Networks

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz

Foundation Topics

VPN Fundamentals

IPsec VPNs

    IPsec Encryption

    IPsec Key Exchange

    IPsec Authentication and Message Integrity

    The ESP and AH Security Protocols

    IPsec Implementation Considerations

SSL VPNs

Exam Preparation Tasks

Review All the Key Topics

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory

Definitions of Key Terms

Part V: Scaling the IP Address Space

Chapter 16 Network Address Translation

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz

Foundation Topics

Perspectives on IPv4 Address Scalability

    CIDR

        Route Aggregation for Shorter Routing Tables

        IPv4 Address Conservation

    Private Addressing

Network Address Translation Concepts

    Static NAT

    Dynamic NAT

        Overloading NAT with Port Address Translation (PAT)

        Translating Overlapping Addresses

NAT Configuration and Troubleshooting

    Static NAT Configuration

    Dynamic NAT Configuration

    NAT Overload (PAT) Configuration

    NAT Troubleshooting

Exam Preparation Tasks

Review All the Key Topics

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory

Definitions of Key Terms

Command Reference to Check Your Memory

Chapter 17 IP Version 6

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz

Foundation Topics

Global Unicast Addressing, Routing, and Subnetting

    Global Route Aggregation for Efficient Routing

    Conventions for Representing IPv6 Addresses

    Conventions for Writing IPv6 Prefixes

    Global Unicast Prefix Assignment Example

    Subnetting Global Unicast IPv6 Addresses Inside an Enterprise

    Prefix Terminology

IPv6 Protocols and Addressing

    DHCP for IPv6

    IPv6 Host Address Assignment

        The IPv6 Interface ID and EUI-64 Format

        Static IPv6 Address Configuration

        Stateless Autoconfiguration and Router Advertisements

        IPv6 Address Configuration Summary

    Discovering the Default Router with NDP

    Learning the IP Address(es) of DNS Servers

    IPv6 Addresses

        Unicast IPv6 Addresses

        Multicast and Other Special IPv6 Addresses

    Summary of IP Protocols and Addressing

Configuring IPv6 Routing and Routing Protocols

    IPv6 Routing Protocols

    IPv6 Configuration

IPv6 Transition Options

    IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stacks

    Tunneling

    Translating Between IPv4 and IPv6 with NAT-PT

    Transition Summary

Exam Preparation Tasks

Review All the Key Topics

Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory

Definitions of Key Terms

Command Reference to Check Your Memory

Part VI: Final Preparation

Chapter 18 Final Preparation

Tools for Final Preparation

    Exam Engine and Questions on the CD

        Install the Software from the CD

        Activate and Download the Practice Exam

        Activating Other Exams

    The Cisco CCNA Prep Center

    Subnetting Videos, Reference Pages, and Practice Problems

    Scenarios

Study Plan

    Recall the Facts

    Practice Subnetting

    Build Troubleshooting Skills Using Scenarios

    Use the Exam Engine

        Choosing Study or Simulation Mode

        Choosing the Right Exam Option

Summary

Part VII: Appendixes

Appendix A Answers to the "Do I Know This Already?" Quizzes

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 12

Chapter 13

Chapter 14

Chapter 15

Chapter 16

Chapter 17

Appendix B Decimal to Binary Conversion Table

Appendix C ICND2 Exam Updates: Version 1.0

Glossary

Index

Part VIII: CD-Only

Appendix D Subnetting Practice

Appendix E Subnetting Reference Pages

Appendix F Additional Scenarios

Appendix G Video Scenario Reference

Appendix H ICND1 Chapter 12: IP Addressing and Subnetting

Appendix I ICND1 Chapter 17: WAN Configuration

Appendix J Memory Tables

Appendix K Memory Tables Answer Key

Appendix L ICND2 Open-Ended Questions

Appendix

Download Appendix C: ICND2 Exam Updates: Version 1.0

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While Pearson does not sell personal information, as defined in Nevada law, Nevada residents may email a request for no sale of their personal information to NevadaDesignatedRequest@pearson.com.

Supplemental Privacy Statement for California Residents


California residents should read our Supplemental privacy statement for California residents in conjunction with this Privacy Notice. The Supplemental privacy statement for California residents explains Pearson's commitment to comply with California law and applies to personal information of California residents collected in connection with this site and the Services.

Sharing and Disclosure


Pearson may disclose personal information, as follows:

  • As required by law.
  • With the consent of the individual (or their parent, if the individual is a minor)
  • In response to a subpoena, court order or legal process, to the extent permitted or required by law
  • To protect the security and safety of individuals, data, assets and systems, consistent with applicable law
  • In connection the sale, joint venture or other transfer of some or all of its company or assets, subject to the provisions of this Privacy Notice
  • To investigate or address actual or suspected fraud or other illegal activities
  • To exercise its legal rights, including enforcement of the Terms of Use for this site or another contract
  • To affiliated Pearson companies and other companies and organizations who perform work for Pearson and are obligated to protect the privacy of personal information consistent with this Privacy Notice
  • To a school, organization, company or government agency, where Pearson collects or processes the personal information in a school setting or on behalf of such organization, company or government agency.

Links


This web site contains links to other sites. Please be aware that we are not responsible for the privacy practices of such other sites. We encourage our users to be aware when they leave our site and to read the privacy statements of each and every web site that collects Personal Information. This privacy statement applies solely to information collected by this web site.

Requests and Contact


Please contact us about this Privacy Notice or if you have any requests or questions relating to the privacy of your personal information.

Changes to this Privacy Notice


We may revise this Privacy Notice through an updated posting. We will identify the effective date of the revision in the posting. Often, updates are made to provide greater clarity or to comply with changes in regulatory requirements. If the updates involve material changes to the collection, protection, use or disclosure of Personal Information, Pearson will provide notice of the change through a conspicuous notice on this site or other appropriate way. Continued use of the site after the effective date of a posted revision evidences acceptance. Please contact us if you have questions or concerns about the Privacy Notice or any objection to any revisions.

Last Update: November 17, 2020