Sams Teach Yourself SQL in 24 Hours

By Ron Plew and Ryan Stephens

• Table of Contents
  • Copyright
  • About the Authors
  • Acknowledgments
  • Tell Us What You Think!
  • Introduction
  • Part I: A SQL Concepts Overview
  • Hour 1. Welcome to the World of SQL
  • Part II: Building Your Database
  • Hour 2. Defining Data Structures
  • Hour 3. Managing Database Objects
  • Hour 4. The Normalization Process
  • Hour 5. Manipulating Data
  • Hour 6. Managing Database Transactions
  • Part III: Getting Effective Results from Queries
  • Hour 7. Introduction to the Database Query
  • Hour 8. Using Operators to Categorize Data
  • Hour 9. Summarizing Data Results from a Query
  • Hour 10. Sorting and Grouping Data
  • Hour 11. Restructuring the Appearance of Data
    • The Concepts of ANSI Character Functions
    • Various Common Character Functions
    • Miscellaneous Character Functions
    • Mathematical Functions
    • Conversion Functions
    • The Concept of Combining Character Functions
    • Summary
    • Q&A
    • Workshop
  • Hour 12. Understanding Dates and Times
  • Part IV: Building Sophisticated Database Queries
  • Hour 13. Joining Tables in Queries
  • Hour 14. Using Subqueries to Define Unknown Data
  • Hour 15. Combining Multiple Queries into One
  • Part V: SQL Performance Tuning
  • Hour 16. Using Indexes to Improve Performance
  • Hour 17. Improving Database Performance
  • Part VI: Using SQL to Manage Users and Security
  • Hour 18. Managing Database Users
  • Hour 19. Managing Database Security
  • Part VII: Summarized Data Structures
  • Hour 20. Creating and Using Views and Synonyms
  • Hour 21. Working with the System Catalog
  • Part VIII: Applying SQL Fundamentals in Today's World
  • Hour 22. Advanced SQL Topics
  • Hour 23. Extending SQL to the Enterprise, the Internet, and the Intranet
  • Hour 24. Extensions to Standard SQL
  • Part IX: Appendixes
  • Appendix A. Common SQL Commands
  • Appendix B. Using MySQL for Exercises
  • Appendix C. Answers to Quizzes and Exercises
  • Appendix D. CREATE TABLE Statements for Book Examples
  • Appendix E. INSERT Statements for Data in Book Examples
  • Appendix F. Glossary
  • Appendix G. Bonus Exercises

The Concepts of ANSI Character Functions

Character functions are functions used to represent strings in SQL in formats alternate to how they are stored in the table. The first part of this hour discusses the concepts for character functions as covered by ANSI. The second part of this hour shows real-world examples using functions that are specific to various SQL implementations. ANSI functions discussed in this hour include CONCATENATION, SUBSTRING, TRANSLATE, REPLACE, UPPER, and LOWER.

Concatenation

Concatenation is the process of combining two separate strings into one string. For example, you may want to concatenate an individual's first and last names into a single string for the complete name.

• JOHN concatenated with SMITH = JOHN SMITH

Substring

The concept of substring is the capability to extract part of a string, or a "sub" of the string. For example, the following values are substrings of JOHNSON:

J       JOHN       JO       ON      SON      …

TRANSLATE

The TRANSLATE function is used to translate a string, character by character, into another string. There are normally three arguments with the TRANSLATE function: the string to be converted, a list of the characters to convert, and a list of the substitution characters. Implementation examples are shown in the next part of this hour.

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