48. Extensive academic literature exists on community formation, maintenance, and dissolution in the offline world, including research on immigration/citizenship, alternative living arrangements like kibbutzim and 19th century utopian colonies, and participation in non-profit organizations. Although beyond this article’s scope, it would be fruitful to explore that literature and analogize it to Wikipedia. Even so, Wikipedia differs from offline communities in important ways. Most obviously, unlike almost all other offline communities, Wikipedia draws from a global labor supply that can join or exit at effectively zero out-of-pocket costs.