Using Oracle8
All the following products are installed by default with the Oracle8 server. None of them can be selected in Software Asset Manager, the menu you use during the installation process.
All associated products are installed by default:
The installer allows you to choose from among various cartridges, server options, and utilities. Cartridges During installation, all data cartridges are selectable in the Software Asset Manager under ORACLE CARTRIDGES. All data cartridges are available at an extra cost.
Cartridge restrictions
The Image, Time Series, and Visual Information Retrieval Data cartridges include a restricted-use license for the Objects option. You may use the documented features in the data cartridges without purchasing the Objects option. However, you're required to purchase the Objects option if you want to create object types, extend the data cartridge object types through composition, or use the extended Oracle Call Interface features, the object features of Pro*C, extended SQL, and PL/SQL support of object capabilities to access the cartridge data.
Options You can choose the Server options that you want to use during installation:
Utilities and Precompilers The installer lets you choose various utilities:
All precompilers are selectable in the Software Asset Manager under Precompilers. Of the precompilers available, only Pro*C/C++ supports the Oracle8 object features:
Pro*FORTRAN's future is limited
Pro*FORTRAN has been placed by Oracle under maintenance mode; hence, there are no plans to incorporate any new features in the product in the future.
The following products are installed automatically with Net8. They aren't selectable in Software Asset Manager.
Related Products The protocol adapters are selectable in the Software Asset Manager under Net8 Protocol Adapters. The DECNet protocol adapters are now obsolete.
A number of libraries are available for installation:
Oracle online documentation comes in two categories: operating system-specific and product documentation (also referred to as "generic"). OS-specific documentation is included on the Oracle software CD-ROM and can be installed during the software installation. Product documentation, on the other hand, is on a separate CD-ROM and can be installed only in a separate session of the installer. All Oracle documentation is available in HTML and PDF formats.
You'll find the following documentation with Oracle8 for Windows NT: Operating system-specific documentation
The list of documentation for operating systems such as UNIX is very similar to this list.
Installation
Oracle8 Database
Oracle8 Cartridges
SQL*Plus
Legato Storage Manager
Network
Oracle Enterprise Manager
Application Development
Oracle Web Publisher
Before you install Oracle8 on your system, you need to make sure your system meets the minimum requirements:
Some Oracle products have further minimum requirements:
You need to perform several platform-specific steps before you start installing Oracle. If you don't complete these steps, the installation will fail. Table C.1 provides a complete list of kernel settings.
Set kernel parameters appropriately Setting the kernel parameter too high can prevent the machine from booting up.
| Parameter: | Setting: | Description: |
| SHMMAX | 4294967295 | The maximum size (in bytes) of a single shared memory segment; determines total allowable shared memory |
| SHMMIN | 1 | The minimum size (in bytes) of a single shared memory segment |
| SHMMNI | 100 | The number of shared memory identifiers |
| SHMSEG | 10 | The maximum number of shared memory segments that can be attached by a process |
| SEMMNS | 200 | The number of semaphores in the system |
| SEMMNI | 70 | The number of semaphore-set identifiers in the system SEMMSL Should be set equal to the value of the PROCESSES initialization parameter; determines the maximum number of sema- phores that can be in one semaphore set Identify the shared memory and semaphore segments with ipcs |
Use the ipcs command to find the system's current shared memory and semaphore segments, as well as their identification number and owner.
Configure UNIX kernel parameters
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmax=4294967295 set shmsys:shminfo_shmmin=1 set shmsys:shminfo_shmmni=100 set shmsys:shminfo_shmseg=10 set semsys:seminfo_semmns=200 set semsys:seminfo_semmni=70
Do not install Oracle while connected as the root user; instead, use the oracle account, an operating system account with administrative privileges. After installation, the oracle account becomes the owner of the Oracle executables, so that you can use a non-root user as the owner. This is a recommended configuration.
Set permissions for file creation
umask 022
Before starting the Oracle installer, you should set the following environment variables in the .profile or .login file of the oracle account: LD_LIBRARY_PATH, ORACLE_BASE, ORACLE_HOME, ORACLE_SID, ORACLE_TERM, ORA_NLS33, PATH, and TMPDIR. Table C.2 lists the various UNIX kernel parameters that should be set.
For the Bourne shell, use the following syntax to set these variables:
set variable_name=value; export variable_name
For the C shell, use the following syntax to set these variables:
setenv variable_name value
| Environment Factor: | Requirement for Installing Oracle: |
| Mount Points | At least four mount points: one for the soft- ware and the other three for the optimal \t flexible architecture (OFA)-compliant database structure. |
| UNIX groups for A | UNIX group for the Oracle role OSDBA\tOracle Roles and one for the OSOPER role; both roles\t can be assigned to the same group. |
| UNIX account for | Must be a member of the group with the\tinstalling and upgrading OSDBA role. \tthe Oracle system |
| Local bin directory | A directory that contains software shared among Oracle users. |
| oratab file | Contains information about Oracle instances; run the script cdrom_mount_point/orainst/ oratab.sh to create or set the permissions of the oratab file in the /var/opt/oracle directory. |
| Permissions for Set | umask to 022.\tfile creation |
| DISPLAY | Should be set to the machine name and \t monitor from which you're connecting to the server machine. |
| LD_LIBRARY_PATH | Required to be set for Oracle products using shared libraries; must include $ORACLE_HOME/lib. |
| ORACLE_BASE | Not required but recommended for an OFA- compliant installation. |
| ORACLE_HOME | To be set to the directory where the Oracle software will be installed. |
| ORACLE_SID | Specifies the instance name or SID of the Oracle server. |
| ORACLE_TERM | Required by all character mode and Motif mode Oracle products. |
| ORA_NLS33 | Set to $ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls/ admin/data if you're planning to create a database with a character set other than US7ASCII. |
| PATH | Must include the following path: $ORACLE_HOME/bin, \t /bin, \t /opt/bin, /usr/bin, \t /usr/ccs/bin. |
| SRCHOME | Should be undefined when running the installer; otherwise, the installer defaults to the location it specifies as the source of the soft ware to install. |
| TWO_TASK | Should be undefined when installing Oracle8 server. |
| TMPDIR | Should be set to a directory where the oracle account has write permissions and at least 20MB available space. |
Installing Oracle8 on UNIX
The Oracle installer engine for UNIX is orainst. It can be used to install the available Oracle products and to perform auxiliary functions, such as relinking and uninstalling products and creating database objects. Use the following UNIX-generic steps to install the basic Oracle8 RDBMS and its dependent products.
Installing Oracle8 on \tWindows NT
Use the orainst installer to install Oracle8 on Windows NT. Oracle provides for Windows a very easy, intuitive GUI installation.
Mounting the Product Installation CD-ROM
If you're using Solaris volume-management software, the CD-ROM is mounted automatically to /cdrom/oracle when you put it in the drive, and you can proceed to the next section on starting the installer. You must mount the CD-ROM manually if you aren't using the Solaris volume-management software.
Have the right privileges
You must have root privilege to mount or unmount the CD-ROM.
Mount the CD-ROM
1. Place the Oracle installation CD-ROM in the CD-ROM drive.
2. Log in as root user and create a CD-ROM mount point directory:
$su root
# mkdir /cdrom
3. Mount the CD-ROM drive on the mount directory and exit as the root account:
#Mount -r -F hsfs device_name /cdrom
#exit
Start the installer
#CD /cdrom/orainst
Setting your environment Set your DISPLAY environment to your workstation before running in Motif mode: #setenv \tDISPLAY machine:0.0
You have to respond to installer prompts during the installation process. Several prompts appear, irrespective of the task you're performing or products you're installing.
Installation Type At this prompt, you can choose a default installation or a custom installation. If you specify the default path, the installer will display the settings it will use and ask you to confirm them.
Performing a default installation minimizes the number of installer prompts because it selects default values for the initial Installer prompts. It prompts you for the values of ORACLE_BASE, ORACLE_HOME, and ORACLE_SID. You're then taken to the Software Asset Manager screen, where you can specify the products to install. Table C.3 lists the values chosen for a default installation. Specify the install type beforehand
You can specify a default installation before starting the installer by setting the environment variable DEF_INSTALL to TRUE.
Table C.3 Default installation choices
| Installer Prompt: | Default Value: |
| Location of installer log | $ORACLE_HOME/orainst/install.log |
| Location of SQL log | $ORACLE_HOME/orainst/sql.log |
| Location of operating | $ORACLE_HOME/orainst/os.log\tsystem log |
| Location of Makefile log | $ORACLE_HOME/orainst/make.log |
| Source of Installation | CD-ROM |
| Language | American/English |
Select the Installer Option
At this prompt, select what type of action you want the installer to perform. For example, you can do one of the following: n Install the software without creating database objects. n Install the software and create database objects. n Build an installation staging area only. n Install only the online documentation. n Uninstall existing software. n Migrate from Oracle7 to Oracle8.
Installation Locators
If ORACLE_BASE is set in the environment, the installer prompts you to confirm its setting and for ORACLE_HOME. If ORACLE_BASE isn't set, provide the ORACLE_HOME and the ORACLE_SID.
Installation Log Files
The installer creates four log files as records of the installer session, one for each of the following categories of action: operating system, installer, SQL, and makefile. You can provide the location of the log files; the default location is $ORACLE_HOME/orainst.
Install Source
This is the CD-ROM or staging area. If you're installing from a staging area, specify whether it's temporary or permanent.
National Language Support
Specify a language for receiving screen messages from Oracle products.
OSDBA Group
Assign Oracle DBA privileges to a user group. The primary group for the oracle account is the default.
OSOPER Group
You can choose to give limited Oracle OPERATOR privileges to a separate UNIX group. The default is the group you specified as the OSDBA group.
Instance Name (SID)
This must be a unique identifier, no longer than four characters. The instance name is specified by the environment variable \tORACLE_SID. In single-instance installations, ORACLE_SID is \tgenerally the same as the DB_NAME initialization parameter.Parallel Server considerationsYou should have a unique name for each Oracle instance in the Oracle Parallel Server environment, incorporating the name of the database the instance manipulates. For example, if you have a database named dev, you can have instances for that database named dev1 and dev2. Oracle Parallel Server requires raw devices, but raw devices also can be used with single-instance installations.
Select the Products You Want to Install
Submenus for certain products, such as network protocol adapters and precompilers, are indicated by a plus sign. Double-click the + to expand the submenu for more choices. In character mode, highlight the + by pressing the Spacebar and then pressing Enter. Select composite products individually. If you select only the category name, none of the products in a category are installed.Choosing a network protocol adapterDon't choose any network protocol adapters for which the corresponding protocol doesn't already exist on the machine.
Answering the Database Creation Prompts
If you use the installer to create a database, you need to respond to the following prompts:
Specify whether the storage type will be a file system or a raw device.
Indicate whether you want to follow the OFA recommendation to spread database objects across three mount points. If this prompt is accepted, the control and redo log files are spread across the mount points you specify. Refer to Table C.2 for a summary of the file placement.
Specify a storage character set for the database. The default is US7ASCII. You shouldn't specify a character set other than the default unless you've set the environment variable ORA_NLS33 during preinstallation (refer to Table C.2).
It's recommended that you change the passwords for SYS and SYSTEM at this point. The default password for SYS is change_on_install; the default password for SYSTEM is manager.
Set the passwords for the UNIX groups to which you assigned Oracle DBA and OPERATOR privileges.Make sure you have the correct group membershipA user who wants to connect to \tthe database as SYSDBA or SYSOPER must be a member of \ta UNIX group to which the DBA or OPERATOR role is assigned and enter the correct password.Table C.4 summarizes the default size and placement of database files created by the installer.
Table C.4 Default database files created
| Database File: | Default Size: | Default Location: |
| Control files | 50KB | db_mount_point[1-3]\t(three files) /oradata/db_name/control0 [1-3].ctl |
| Redo log files | 500KB | db_mount_point[1-3]\t(three files) /oradata/db_name/redosid0 [1-3].log |
| SYSTEM | 80MB | db_mount_point1/oradata/db_name/\t system01.dbf |
| ROLLBACK | 15MB | db_mount_point1/oradata/db_name/\t rbs01.dbf |
| TEMP | 550KB | db_mount_point1/oradata/db_name/\t temp01.dbf |
| USERS | 1MB | db_mount_point1/oradata/db_name/\t users01.dbf |
| TOOLS | 25MB | db_mount_point1/oradata/db_name/\t tools01.dbf |
Finishing the Install
You're finished with the prompts; now you can let the installer run. When the install is complete, review the installation log file for errors and messages. See the "Troubleshooting Installation Problems" section later in this chapter for more information.Speed the installation processBefore starting the installer, set the environment variable NO_README if you want to skip the display of README files.
Setting Up a Silent Mode of Installation
You can use this mode for repeated installations of a similar kind. It's done by creating a response file during initial installation and then using that file to provide answers to prompts during subsequent installations:TipThe file orainst/unix.prd on the Oracle distribution media contains the available products and the product names that can be used during silent installation.
1. Run the installer for the initial installation and record your answers to prompts in a response file: $ ./orainst/rspdest response_file
2. By using any UNIX text editor (such as vi), edit the response file to make any changes that you want, such as pathnames, mount points, and ORACLE_SID.
3. Use this response file in subsequent installations: $ ./orainst /m /rspsrc response_file Â/install products /silent response_file is the full pathname of the response file created in the initial installation, and products is a comma-delimited list of products to install.
Product-Specific Installation
You need to perform several steps while installing specific products such as Oracle8 Server, data cartridges, or utilities like SQL*PLUS.
Oracle8 Server
Installing with Create DB Objects does the following ("Create DB Objects" refers to the creation of several default database objects as part of the database creation):
catproc.sql cathsoci.sql
cat8000s.sql otrcsvr.sql
caths.sql catrep.sql
SQL*Plus
Installing with Create DB Objects does the following:
Spatial Cartridge
Installing with Create DB Objects does the following:
Context Cartridge
Installing with Create DB Objects does the following:
Image Cartridge
Installing with Create DB Objects does the following:
Troubleshooting Installation Problems
After the installation is complete, you should review the install logs in the current directory for any error messages.
Display Problems
Running the installer in character mode from an OpenWindows shelltool or cmdtool can result in a hard-to-read display. To fix the display for a shelltool, enter the following at the operating system prompt:$ shelltool -B offset_xTo fix the display for a cmdtool, enter the following at the operating system prompt:$ cmdtool -B offset_xAdd the following entry to the .Xdefaults file to permanently fix the display problems:term.boldStyle: Offset_XScreen RefreshDisk
Space Problems
The installer accounts for product dependencies when it calculates the space requirement for an Oracle installation. If the install session terminates due to insufficient disk space, make sure that you have enough space in the ORACLE_HOME directory. Your options include the following: n Freeing existing disk space n Adding disk space n Installing a subset of the productsInsufficient swap space can also lead to the install session being aborted. You should increase the swap space and relink.
Error Messages During Relinking
You might encounter several errors during relinking: n sh: make: Not found The operating system program make isn't available. Install the make program or include it in the PATH. n sh: sh (echodo): cc: Not found The operating system program cc isn't available. Install the cc program or put it in the PATH. n Id: fatal error: library not found: library_name The library isn't loaded. Install the library specified by library_name. n Undefined symbols These errors are usually caused by not installing the correct Net8 protocol adapters. The solution is to install the correct protocol adapter or to uninstall and reinstall Oracle without the protocol adapter for which you don't have the network software.
User Errors
You might also encounter some user errors:
To solve this problem, log on to your local machine and authorize the connection: $ xhost + machine_which_has_the_installer Another solution is to run in character mode.
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