AAL+92 Bob Alberti, Farhad Anklesaria, Paul Lindner, Mark McCahill, and Daniel Torrey.
The Internet Gopher protocol: A distributed document search and retrieval protocol,
Spring 1991; Revised Spring 1992.

Abb99 Janet Abbate.
Inventing the Internet.
The MIT Press, June 1999. ISBN 0262011727.

ABCdO96 V. Almeida, A. Bestavros, M. Crovella, and A. de Oliveira.
Characterizing Reference Locality in the WWW.
In Proc. Parallel and Distributed Information Systems, December 1996.

AC98 J. Almeida and P. Cao.
Measuring Proxy Performance with the Wisconsin Proxy Benchmark.
Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 30(22--23):2179--2192, November 1998.

AD99 Mohit Aron and Peter Druschel.
TCP Implementation Enhancements for Improving Web Server Performance.
Technical Report 99-335, Department of Computer Science, Rice University, 1999.

Ade Adero.

Adi94 C. Adie.
A Status Report on Networked Information Retrieval: Tools and Groups.
RFC 1689, IETF, August 1994.

AFJ99 Martin Arlitt, Rich Friedrich, and Tai Jin.
Workload Characterization of a Web Proxy in a Cable Modem Environment.
ACM Performance Evaluation Review, 27(2):25--36, August 1999. Also available as HPL Technical Report HPL-1999-48.

AFP98 M. Allman, S. Floyd, and C. Partridge.
Increasing TCP's Initial Window.
RFC 2414, IETF, September 1998.

AJ00 M. Arlitt and T. Jin.
Workload Characterization of the 1998 World Cup Web Site.
IEEE Network Magazine, 14(3):30--37, May/June 2000. Also available as HPL Technical Report HPL-1999-35.

Aka Akamai.

AKMS95 K. Andrews, F. Kappe, H. Maurer, and K. Schmaranz.
On second generation hypermedia systems.
In Proc. ED-MEDIA 95, World Conference on Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, June 1995.

Ale Alexa.

Alt AltaVista.

Ami99 Amit Gupta and Geoffrey Baehr.
Ad insertion at proxies to improve cache hit rate.
In Proc. 4th International Web Caching Workshop, March/April 1999.

AML+93 F. Anklesaria, M. McCahill, P. Lindner, D. Johnson, D. Torrey, and B. Alberti.
The Internet Gopher Protocol.
RFC 1436, IETF, March 1993.

Apa Apache Software Foundation.

APS99 M. Allman, V. Paxson, and W. Stevens.
TCP Congestion Control.
RFC 2581, IETF, April 1999.

AS98 Soam Acharya and Brian Smith.
An Experiment to Characterize Videos on the World Wide Web.
In Proc. Multimedia Communication and Networking, January 1998.

ASA+95 Marc Abrams, Charles R. Standridge, Ghaleb Abdulla, Stephen Williams, and Edward A. Fox.
Caching Proxies: Limitations and Potentials.
In Proc. World Wide Web Conference, December 1995.

ASP00 Soam Acharya, Brian Smith, and Peter Parnes.
Characterizing User Access to Videos on the World Wide Web.
In Proc. Multimedia Communication and Networking, January 2000.

AW97 Martin F. Arlitt and Carey L. Williamson.
Internet Web Servers: Workload Characterization and Performance Implications.
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 5(5):631--645, October 1997.

BBBC99 Paul Barford, Azer Bestavros, Adam Bradley, and Mark Crovella.
Changes in Web Client Access Patterns: Characteristics and Caching Implications.
WWW Journal, 2(1/2):15--28, June 1999.

BC94 H. Braun and K. Claffy.
Web Traffic Characterization: An Assessment of the Impact of Caching Documents from NCSA's Web Server.
In Proc. World Wide Web Conference, October 1994.

BC95 Steven M. Bellovin and William R. Cheswick.
Firewalls and Internet Security.
Addison-Wesley, 1995. ISBN 0201633574.

BC98 Paul Barford and Mark Crovella.
Generating Representative Web Workloads for Network and Server Performance Evaluation.
In Proc. ACM SIGMETRICS, June 1998.

BC99 Paul Barford and Mark Crovella.
Measuring Web Performance in the Wide Area.
In Proc. ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, August 1999.

BCF+99 Lee Breslau, Pei Cao, Li Fan, Graham Phillips, and Scott Shenker.
Web Caching and Zipf-Like Distributions: Evidence and Implications.
In Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, March 1999.

BD99 G. Banga and P. Druschel.
Measuring the capacity of a Web server.
WWW Journal, 2(1--2):69--83, June 1999.

BDH C. Mic Bowman, Peter B. Danzig, Darren R. Hardy, Udi Manber, and Michael F. Schwartz.
The Harvest Information Discovery and Access System.
In Proc. Second International World Wide Web Conference, pages 763--771, October 1994.

Bes95 Azer Bestavros.
Using Speculation to Reduce Server Load and Service Time on the WWW.
In Proc. ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, November 1995.

BL Tim Berners-Lee.
Web Architecture from 50,000 feet.

BL90 Tim Berners-Lee.
Information Management: A Proposal,
May 1990.

BL92a Tim Berners-Lee.
Is there a paper which describes the www protocol,
January 9 1992. WWW-talk mailing list.

BL92b Tim Berners-Lee.
MIME, SGML, UDIs, HTML and W3,
June 1992. WWW-talk mailing list.

BL92c Tim Berners-Lee.
WorldWideWeb news: New software includes Gopher, News, Telnet access,
January 24 1992. WWW-talk mailing list.

BL93a Tim Berners-Lee.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): A Stateless Search, Retrieve and Manipulation Protocol,
November 1993.

BL93b Tim Berners-Lee.
Uniform Resource Locators (URL): A Unifying Syntax for the Expression of Names and addresses of Objects on the Network,
October 1993. Expired Internet Draft.

BL94 Tim Berners-Lee.
Universal Resource Identifiers in WWW,
March 1994.

BLC93 Tim Berners-Lee and Dan Connolly.
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): A Representation of Textual Information and MetaInformation for Retrieval and Interchange,
June 1993.

BLCGP92 Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Caillau, Jean-Francois Groff, and Bernd Pollerman.
World Wide Web: The Information Universe.
Electronic Networking: Research, Applications, and Policy, 1(1), Spring 1992.

BLFF96 T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, and H. Frystyk.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol --- HTTP/1.0.
RFC 1945, IETF, May 1996. Defines current usage of HTTP/1.0.

BLFM98 T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, and L. Masinter.
Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax.
RFC 2396, IETF, August 1998.

BLFN95 Tim Berners-Lee, R. T. Fielding, and H. Frystyk Nielsen.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol---HTTP/1.0,
March 1995. Expired Internet Draft.

BLMM94 T. Berners-Lee, L. Masinter, and M. McCahill.
Uniform Resource Locators (URL).
RFC 1738, IETF, December 1994.

BM98 G. Banga and J. Mogul.
Scalable Kernel Performance for Internet Servers Under Realistic Loads.
In Proc. USENIX, June 1998.

BPS+98 H. Balakrishnan, V. Padmanabhan, S. Seshan, M. Stemm, and R. Katz.
TCP Behavior of a Busy Internet Server: Analysis and Improvements.
In Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, March 1998.

Bra92 R. Braden.
Extending TCP for Transactions---Concepts.
RFC 1379, IETF, November 1992.

Bra94 R. Braden.
Extending TCP for Transactions---Functional Specification.
RFC 1644, IETF, July 1994.

Bra96a S. Bradner.
Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.
RFC 2119, IETF, November 1996.

Bra96b S. Bradner.
The Internet Standards Process---Revision 3.
RFC 2026, IETF, October 1996.

BRS99 H. Balakrishnan, H. Rahul, and S. Seshan.
An Integrated Congestion Management Architecture for Internet Hosts.
In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, September 1999.

BS00 Hari Balakrishnan and Srinivasan Seshan.
The Congestion Manager,
November 2000. Expired Internet Draft.

Bus45 Vannevar Bush.
As We May Think.
Atlantic Monthly, July 1945.

Can CA*net II Caching Hierarchy Project.

CAR Cache array routing protocol and MS proxy server version 2.0.

Cat92 V. Cate.
Alex---A Global Filesystem.
In Proc. USENIX File System Workshop, pages 1--12. USENIX Association, May 1992.

CB97 Mark E. Crovella and Azer Bestavros.
Self-Similarity in World Wide Web Traffic: Evidence and Possible Causes.
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 5(6):835--846, December 1997.

CB98 Mark Crovella and Paul Barford.
The Network Effects of Prefetching.
In Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, April 1998.

CBC95 Carlos R. Cunha, Azer Bestavros, and Mark E. Crovella.
Characteristics of WWW Client-based Traces.
Technical Report BU-CS-95-010, Computer Science Department, Boston University, 1995.

CGC+00 I. Cooper, P. Gauthier, J. Cohen, M. Dunsmuir, and C. Perkins.
The Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Protocol,
November 2000. Expired Internet Draft.

CHW99 Jon Crowcroft, Mark Handley, and Ian Wakeman.
Internetworking Multimedia.
Morgan Kaufmann, October 1999. ISBN 1558605843.

CI97 Pei Cao and Sandy Irani.
Cost-Aware WWW Proxy Caching Algorithms.
In Proc. USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems. USENIX Association, December 1997.

Cis Cisco Content Delivery Networks.

CK00 Edith Cohen and Haim Kaplan.
Prefetching the Means for Document Transfer: A New Approach for Reducing Web Latency.
In Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, March 2000.

CKR98 Edith Cohen, Balachander Krishnamurthy, and Jennifer Rexford.
Improving End-to-End Performance of the Web Using Server Volumes and Proxy Filters.
In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, September 1998.

CKR99 Edith Cohen, Balachander Krishnamurthy, and Jennifer Rexford.
Efficient Algorithms for Predicting Requests to Web Servers.
In Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, March 1999.

Cla88 David D. Clark.
The Design Philosophy of the DARPA Internet Protocols.
In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, pages 106--114, August 1988.

Cle Clever.

CMT98 K Claffy, Greg Miller, and Kevin Thompson.
The Nature of the Beast: Recent Traffic Measurements from an Internet Backbone.
In Proc. INET, July 1998.

Con92 Dan Connolly.
MIME for global hypertext,
June 1992. WWW-talk mailing list.

Coo Cookie Central.

CP95 L. D. Catledge and J. E. Pitkow.
Characterizing browsing strategies in the World Wide Web.
Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 26(6):1065--1073, 1995.

Cro82 David H. Crocker.
Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text Messages.
RFC 822, IETF, August 1982.

CSSa World Wide Web Consortium, Cascading Style Sheets.

CSSb Cascading Style Sheets.

DA98 T. Dierks and C. Allen.
The TLS Protocol, Version 1.0.
RFC 2246, IETF, January 1998.

Dav99 Brian Davison.
Web Traffic Logs: An Imperfect Resource for Evaluation.
In Proc. INET, June 1999.

DFKM97 Fred Douglis, Anja Feldmann, Balachander Krishnamurthy, and Jeffrey Mogul.
Rate of Change and other Metrics: A Live Study of the World Wide Web.
In Proc. USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems, pages 147--158, December 1997.

DH98 S. Deering and R. Hinden.
Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6).
RFC 2460, IETF, December 1998.

Dig Digital Island.

Din95 Adam Dingle.
HTTP should be able to transfer part of a document,
March 1995. HTTP-WG Mailing List Archives.

DMF97 Bradley Duska, David Marwood, and Michael Feeley.
The Measured Access Characteristics of World-Wide-Web Proxy Caches.
In Proc. USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems, December 1997.

DOK92 Peter B. Danzig, Katia Obraczka, and Anant Kumar.
An Analysis of Wide-Area Name Server Traffic.
In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, pages 281--292, August 1992.

Dor95 Tim Dorcey.
CU-SeeMe Desktop VideoConferencing Software.
Connexions, 9(3), March 1995.

Dro97 Ralph Droms.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
RFC 2131, IETF, March 1997.

DS86 R. B. D'Agostino and M. A. Stephens, editors.
Goodness-of-Fit Techniques.
Marcel Dekker, Inc., June 1986. ISBN 0824774876.

Duc99 Dan Duchamp.
Prefetching Hyperlinks.
In Proc. USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems, October 1999.

ED92 A. Emtage and P. Deutsch.
Archie---An Electronic Directory Service for the Internet.
In Proc. Winter USENIX Conference Proceedings, pages 93--110, January 1992.

EE68 Douglas C. Engelbart and William K. English.
A Research Center for Augmenting Human Intellect.
In AFIPS Conference, Proc. of the 1968 Fall Joint Computer Conference, pages 395--410, December 1968.

Eri94 Hans Eriksson.
MBone: The Multicast Backbone.
Communications of the ACM, 37(8):54--60, August 1994.

Exo Exodus.

FB96a N. Freed and N. Borenstein.
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies.
RFC 2045, IETF, November 1996. Defines format of MIME message bodies.

FB96b N. Freed and N. Borenstein.
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types.
RFC 2046, IETF, November 1996. Defines MIME multipart types.

FCAB98 Li Fan, Pei Cao, Jussara Almeida, and Andrei Broder.
Summary Cache: A Scalable Wide-Area Web Cache Sharing Protocol.
In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, pages 254--265, September 1998.

Fcg FastCGI.

Fea HTTP/1.1 Feature List Report Summary.

Fel00a Anja Feldmann.
BLT: Bi-Layer Tracing of HTTP and TCP/IP.
In Proc. World Wide Web Conference, pages 321--335, May 2000.

Fel00b Anja Feldmann.
Characteristics of TCP Connection Arrivals.
In K. Park and W. Willinger, editors, Self-Similar Network Traffic and Performance Evaluation. John Wiley, 2000.

FF96 K. Fall and S. Floyd.
Simulation-based comparisons of Tahoe, Reno, and SACK TCP.
ACM Computer Communication Review, 26(3):5--21, July 1996.

FF99 S. Floyd and K. Fall.
Promoting the Use of End-to-End Congestion Control in the Internet.
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 7(4):458--472, August 1999.

FFBL95 R. Fielding, H. Frystyk, and T. Berners-Lee.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol---HTTP/1.1,
November 1995. Expired Internet Draft.

FGM+97 Roy T. Fielding, Jim Gettys, Jeffrey C. Mogul, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen, and Tim Berners-Lee.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol---HTTP/1.1.
RFC 2068, IETF, January 1997. Proposed Standard of HTTP/1.1.

FGM+99 R. Fielding, J. Gettys, J. C. Mogul, H. Frystyk, L. Masinter, P. Leach, and T. Berners-Lee.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol --- HTTP/1.1.
RFC 2616, IETF, June 1999. Draft Standard of HTTP/1.1.

FHBH+99 J. Franks, P. Hallam-Baker, J. Hostetler, S. Lawrence, P. Leach, A. Luotonen, E. Sink, and L. Stewart.
HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication.
RFC 2617, IETF, June 1999.

Fie94 R. T. Fielding.
Maintaining Distributed Hypertext Infostructures: Welcome to MOMspider's Web.
Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27(2):193--204, November 1994.

Fie95 Roy Fielding.
Relative Uniform Resource Locators.
RFC 1808, IETF, June 1995.

Fie97 Roy Fielding.
Content encoding problem,
February 1997. HTTP-WG Mailing List Archives.

FKV95 Glenn Fowler, David Korn, and Kiem-Phong Vo.
Libraries and file system architecture.
In Balachander Krishnamurthy, editor, Practical Reusable UNIX Software, chapter 2. John Wiley, New York, NY, 1995.

FL95 John Franks and Ari Luotonen.
Byte ranges---formal spec proposal,
May 1995. HTTP-WG Mailing List Archives.

Flo94 Sally Floyd.
TCP and Explicit Congestion Notification.
ACM Computer Communication Review, 24(5):10--23, October 1994.

Flo00 Sally Floyd.
Congestion Control Principles.
RFC 2914, IETF, September 2000.

FLYV93 V. Fuller, T. Li, J. Y. Yu, and K. Varadhan.
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR): An Address Assignment and Aggregation Strategy.
RFC 1519, IETF, September 1993.

For99 Fortune 500 Companies, 1999.

Fou Foundry Networks.

Fra94a John Franks.
An MGET proposal for HTTP,
October 1994. WWW-talk mailing list.

Fra94b John Franks.
Proposal for an HTTP MGET Method,
December 1994. HTTP-WG Mailing List Archives.

Fra95 John Franks.
Re: HTTP should be able to transfer part of a document,
March 1995. HTTP-WG Mailing List Archives.

FRB93 P. S. Ford, Y. Rekhter, and H-W. Braun.
Improving the Routing and Addressing of IP.
IEEE Network Magazine, 7(3):10--15, May 1993.

FTY99 Theodore Faber, Joe Touch, and Wei Yue.
The TIME-WAIT state in TCP and Its Effect on Busy Servers.
In Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, pages 1573--1583, March 1999.

Get97 Jim Gettys.
HTTP Connection Management,
March 1997. HTTP-WG Mailing List Archives.

Glo98 Global 500 Companies, 1998.

GN98 J. Gettys and H. F. Nielsen.
The WebMUX protocol,
August 1998. Expired Internet Draft.

Goo Google.

GRB00 Stephane Gruber, Jennifer Rexford, and Andrea Basso.
Protocol Considerations for a Prefix-Caching Proxy for Multimedia Streams.
In Proc. World Wide Web Conference, pages 657--668, May 2000.

Gun96 Shishir Gundavaram.
CGI Programming on the World Wide Web.
O'Reilly, March 1996.

GWF+99 Y. Goland, E. Whitehead, A. Faizi, S. Carter, and D. Jensen.
HTTP Extensions for Distributed Authoring---WEBDAV.
RFC 2518, IETF, February 1999.

HBD97 Mor Harchol-Balter and Allen Downey.
Exploiting Process Lifetime Distributions for Dynamic Load Balancing.
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, 15(3):253--285, August 1997.

HBMT99 R. Herriot, S. Butler, P. Moore, and R. Turner.
Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Encoding and Transport.
RFC 2565, IETF, April 1999.

Hei97 J. Heidemann.
Performance Interactions Between P-HTTP and TCP Implementations.
ACM Computer Communication Review, 27(2):65--73, April 1997.

HJ98 M. Handley and V. Jacobson.
SDP: Session Description Protocol.
RFC 2327, IETF, April 1998.

HL96 Barron C. Housel and David B. Lindquist.
WebExpress: A System for Optimizing Web Browsing in a Wireless Environment.
In Proc. ACM/IEEE MOBICOM, pages 419--431, October 1996.

HM98 K. Holtman and A. Mutz.
Transparent Content Negotiation in HTTP.
RFC 2295, IETF, March 1998.

HM00 Sam Halabi and Daniel McPherson.
Internet Routing Architectures.
Cisco Press, second edition, 2000. ISBN 157870233X.

HN99 Allan Heydon and Marc Najork.
Mercator: A scalable, extensible Web crawler.
World Wide Web, 2(4), 1999.

Hol Koen Holtman.
Transparent Content Negotiation in HTTP.

Hor83 Mark R. Horton.
Standard for Interchange of USENET Messages.
RFC 850, IETF, June 1983.

Hor98 Eric Horvitz.
Continual Computation Policies for Utility-Directed Prefetching.
In Proc. ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, pages 175--184, November 1998.

Hos00 P. Hoschka.
The application/smil Media Type,
October 2000. Expired Internet Draft.

Hot 100hot Web Rankings.

HPW00 M. Handley, C. Perkins, and E. Whelan.
Session Announcement Protocol.
RFC 2974, IETF, October 2000.

HRW98 Martin Hamilton, Alex Rousskov, and Duane Wessels.
Cache Digest,
December 1998.

HTT94 Minutes of the HyperText Transfer Protocol Working Group, December 1994. 31st IETF Meeting.

Hui98 Christian Huitema.
IPv6: The New Internet Protocol.
Prentice Hall, second edition, January 1998. ISBN 0138505055.

Hui00 Christian Huitema.
Routing in the Internet.
Prentice Hall, second edition, January 2000. ISBN 0130226475.

HW00 Christian Huitema and Sam Weerahandi.
Internet Measurements: The Rising Tide and the DNS Snag.
In Proc. ITC Seminar on IP Traffic Measurement, Modeling, and Management, September 2000.

ICA The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers.

ICA01 ICAP Protocol Group.
ICAP: The Internet Content Adaptation Protocol,
February 2001. Work in progress.

IMA The IMAP Connection.

Ink Inktomi Search.

IRC A Distributed Testbed for National Information Provisioning.

ISO Internet Histories.

ITA Internet Traffic Archive.

J. 81 J. Postel, Editor.
Transmission Control Protocol.
RFC 793, IETF, September 1981.

Jac Van Jacobson.
Traceroute.

Jac88 Van Jacobson.
Congestion Avoidance and Control.
In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, pages 314--329, August 1988.

JCDK00 Kirk L. Johnson, John F. Carr, Mark S. Day, and M. Frans Kaashoek.
The Measured Performance of Content Distribution Networks.
In Proc. Fifth Web Caching Workshop, May 2000.

JK98 Zhimei Jiang and Leonard Kleinrock.
An adaptive prefetching scheme.
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 16(3):358--368, April 1998.

JLM Van Jacobson, C. Leres, and S. McCanne.
Tcpdump.

Joh99 John Dilley.
The Effect of Consistency on Cache Response Time.
Technical Report HPL-1999-107, Hewlett Packard Laboratories, September 1999.

Joh00 Kevin Johnson.
Internet Email Protocols: A Developer's Guide.
Addison-Wesley, January 2000. ISBN 0201432889.

Jon81 Jon Postel, Editor.
Internet Protocol.
RFC 791, IETF, September 1981.

Jun Junkbusters.

KA01 Balachander Krishnamurthy and Martin Arlitt.
PRO-COW: Protocol Compliance on the Web---A Longitudinal Study.
In Proc. USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems, March 2001.

KBM94 Eric Dean Katz, Michelle Butler, and Robert McGrath.
A Scalable HTTP Server: The NCSA Prototype.
In Proc. World Wide Web Conference, May 1994.

Kes97 Srinivsan Keshav.
An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking: ATM Networks, the Internet, and the Telephone Network.
Addison-Wesley, January 1997. ISBN 0201634422.

Key Keynote Systems.

KL86 Brian Kantor and Phil Lapsley.
Network News Transfer Protocol.
RFC 977, IETF, February 1986.

KL00 R. Khare and S. Lawrence.
Upgrading to TLS Within HTTP/1.1.
RFC 2817, IETF, May 2000.

Kle75 Leonard Kleinrock.
Queueing Systems, Volume I: Theory.
John Wiley, January 1975. ISBN 0471491101.

KM87 C. A. Kent and J. C. Mogul.
Fragmentation Considered Harmful.
In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, pages 390--401, August 1987.

KM91 B. Kahle and A. Medlar.
An Information System for Corporate Users: Wide Area Information Servers,
November 1991. Connexions---The Interoperability Report, 5(11).

KM00 David Kristol and Lou Montulli.
HTTP State Management Mechanism.
RFC 2965, IETF, October 2000.

KMK99 Balachander Krishnamurthy, Jeffrey C. Mogul, and David M. Kristol.
Key Differences between HTTP/1.0 and HTTP/1.1.
In Proc. Eighth International World Wide Web Conference, May 1999.

KMR95 T. Kwan, R. McGrath, and D. Reed.
NCSA's World Wide Web Server: Design and Performance.
IEEE Computer Magazine, 28(11):68--74, November 1995.

KR98 Balachander Krishnamurthy and Jennifer Rexford.
Software Issues in Characterizing Web Server Logs.
In W3C Web Characterization Group Workshop, November 1998.

KR00 James F. Kurose and Keith W. Ross.
Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet.
Addison-Wesley, July 2000. ISBN 0201477114.

KV91 David Korn and Kiem-Phong Vo.
SFIO: Safe/Fast String/File I/O.
In Proc. Summer USENIX Conference, pages 235--256, 1991.

KV00 David G. Korn and Kiem-Phong Vo.
The VCDIFF Generic Differencing and Compression Data Format,
November 2000. Expired Internet Draft.

KW97 Balachander Krishnamurthy and Craig Wills.
Study of Piggyback Cache Validation for Proxy Caches in the World Wide Web.
In Proc. USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems, pages 1--12, December 1997.

KW98 Balachander Krishnamurthy and Craig E. Wills.
Piggyback Server Invalidation for Proxy Cache Coherency.
In Proc. World Wide Web Conference, April 1998.

KW00 Balachander Krishnamurthy and Craig E. Wills.
Analyzing Factors that influence end-to-end Web performance.
In Proc. World Wide Web Conference, pages 17--32, May 2000.

LA94 Ari Luotonen and Kevin Altis.
World-Wide Web Proxies.
In Proc. First International Conference on the World-Wide Web, WWW '94, May 1994.

LB97 Tong Sau Loon and Vaduvur Bharghavan.
Alleviating the Latency and Bandwidth Problems in WWW Browsing.
In Proc. USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems, December 1997.

LC97 Chengjie Liu and Pei Cao.
Maintaining Strong Cache Consistency in the World-Wide Web.
In Proc. International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, pages 326--334, May 1997.

LCC Barry M. Leiner, Vinton G. Cerf, David D. Clark, Robert E. Kahn, Leonard Kleinrock, Daniel C. Lynch, Jon Postel, Lawrence G. Roberts, and Stephen S. Wolff.
The Past and Future History of the Internet.
Communications of the ACM, 40(2):102--108, February 1997.

LDV99 Henry Lieberman, Neil Van Dyke, and Adriana Vivacqua.
Let's Browse: A Collaborative Browsing Agent.
In Proc. International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, January 1999.

LG99 Steve Lawrence and C. Lee Giles.
Accessibility of Information on the Web.
Nature, 400(6740):107--109, 1999.

Lie95 H. Lieberman.
Letizia: An Agent That Assists Web Browsing.
In Proc. International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, August 1995.

LK99 Averill Law and David Kelton.
Simulation, Modeling, and Analysis.
McGraw Hill, third edition, December 1999. ISBN 0070592926.

LL99 Ben Laurie and Peter Laurie.
Apache: The Definitive Guide.
O'Reilly, February 1999. ISBN 1565925289.

LNJV99 Z. Liu, N. Niclausse, and C. Jalpa-Villanueva.
Web Traffic Modeling and Performance Comparison Between HTTP1.0 and HTTP1.1.
In Erol Gelenbe, editor, System Performance Evaluation: Methodologies and Applications. CRC Press, August 1999.

LTWW94 Will E. Leland, Murad S. Taqqu, Walter Willinger, and Daniel V. Wilson.
On the Self-Similar Nature of Ethernet Traffic (Extended Version).
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2(1):1--15, February 1994.

Luo97 Ari M. Luotonen.
Web Proxy Servers.
Prentice Hall, 1997. ISBN 0-13680-612-0.

Mah97 Bruce Mah.
An Empirical Model of HTTP Network Traffic.
In Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, April 1997.

MCS98 S. Manley, M. Courage, and M. Seltzer.
A Self-Scaling and Self-Configuring Benchmark for Web Servers.
In Proc. ACM SIGMETRICS, pages 270--271, June 1998.

MD90 J. Mogul and S. Deering.
Path MTU Discovery.
RFC 1191, IETF, November 1990.

MDFK97a Jeffrey C. Mogul, Fred Douglis, Anja Feldmann, and Balachander Krishnamurthy.
Potential benefits of delta encoding and data compression for HTTP.
In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, pages 181--194, August 1997.

MDFK97b Jeffrey C. Mogul, Fred Douglis, Anja Feldmann, and Balachander Krishnamurthy.
Potential benefits of delta encoding and data compression for HTTP.
Technical Report 97/4, DEC, July 1997.

MDH Jeffrey Mogul, Fred Douglis, and Daniel Hellerstein.
HTTP Delta Clusters and Templates.
Work in progress.

Med Media Metrix.

MF00 Keith Moore and Ned Freed.
Use of HTTP State Management.
RFC 2964, IETF, October 2000.

MFGF97 J. Mogul, R. Fielding, J. Gettys, and H. Frystyk.
Use and Interpretation of HTTP Version Numbers.
RFC 2145, IETF, May 1997.

MFH00 A. Mockus, R. F. Fielding, and J. Herbsleb.
A Case Study of Open Source Development: The Apache Server.
In Proc. International Conference on Software Engineering, pages 263--272, June 2000.

MH00 Art Mena and John Heidemann.
An Empirical Study of Real Audio Traffic.
In Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, March 2000.

Mil92 David L. Mills.
Network Time Protocol (Version 3): Specification, Implementation and Analysis.
RFC 1305, IETF, March 1992.

Mir Mirror Image.

MJ93 Steve McCanne and Van Jacobson.
The BSD Packet Filter: A New Architecture for User-Level Packet Capture.
In Proc. Winter USENIX Technical Conference, January 1993.

MJ98 D. Mosberger and T. Jin.
httperf---A Tool for Measuring Web Server Performance.
In Proc. Workshop on Internet Server Performance, pages 59--67, June 1998.

MKD+01 Jeffrey Mogul, Balachander Krishnamurthy, Fred Douglis, Anja Feldmann, Yaron Goland, Arthur van Hoff, and Daniel Hellerstein.
Delta encoding in HTTP,
March 2001. Work in progress.

ML97 J. Mogul and P. Leach.
Simple Hit-Metering and Usage-Limiting for HTTP.
RFC 2227, IETF, October 1997.

MMFR96 M. Mathis, J. Mahdavi, S. Floyd, and A. Romanow.
TCP Selective Acknowledgment Options.
RFC 2018, IETF, April 1996.

Moc87a P. Mockapetris.
Domain Names---Concepts and Facilities.
RFC 1034, IETF, November 1987.

Moc87b P. Mockapetris.
Domain Names---Implementation and Specification.
RFC 1035, IETF, November 1987.

Mog95 Jeffrey Mogul.
A modest proposal,
August 1995. HTTP-WG Mailing List Archives.

Mos NCSA Mosaic. A WWW Browser.

MSMV99 G. Minshall, Y. Saito, J. Mogul, and B. Verghese.
Application Performance Pitfalls and TCP's Nagle Algorithm.
In Proc. Workshop on Internet Server Performance, May 1999.

Muf Muffin: World Wide Web Filtering System.

NA93 B. Clifford Neuman and Steven Seger Augart.
Prospero: A Base for Building Information Infrastructure.
In Proc. INET, August 1993.

Nag84 John Nagle.
Congestion Control in IP/TCP Internetworks.
RFC 896, IETF, January 1984.

NBK99 E. Nahum, T. Barzilai, and D. Kandlur.
Performance issues in WWW servers.
Technical report, IBM Research, February 1999.

Nel67 T. H. Nelson.
Getting It Out of Our System.
In G. Schechter, editor, Critique of Information Retrieval, pages 191--210. Thompson Books, 1967.

Neta Network Appliance.

Netb Netcaching.

Netc The Netcraft Web Server Survey.

Netd Persistent client state HTTP cookies.

Nie97 Henrik Frystyk Nielsen.
Pipelining and compression effect on HTTP/1.1 proxies,
April 1997. HTTP-WG Mailing List Archives.

NLL00 H. Nielsen, P. Leach, and S. Lawrence.
An HTTP Extension Framework.
RFC 2774, IETF, February 2000.

Nov Novell.

P3P World Wide Web Consortium, Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) Project.

PA00 V. Paxson and M. Allman.
Computing TCP's Retransmission Timer.
RFC 2988, IETF, November 2000.

Pad95 V. N. Padmanabhan.
Improving World Wide Web Latency.
Technical Report UCB/CSD-95-875, University of California, Berkeley, May 1995.

Pax97a Vern Paxson.
Automated Packet Trace Analysis of TCP Implementations.
In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, September 1997.

Pax97b Vern Paxson.
End-to-End Routing Behavior in the Internet.
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 5(5):601--615, October 1997.

Pax99 Vern Paxson.
End-to-End Internet Packet Dynamics.
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 7(3):277--292, June 1999.

PDZ99 Vivek S. Pai, Peter Druschel, and Willy Zwaenepoel.
Flash: An efficient and portable Web server.
In Proc. USENIX, June 1999.

Pea97 Oskar Pearson.
Squid users guide,
September 1997.

Pel91 Nicola Pellow.
linemode,
June 1991.

PFG+94 M. St. Pierre, J. Fullton, K. Gamiel, J. Goldman, B. Kahle, J. Kunze, H. Morris, and F. Schiettecatte.
WAIS over Z39.50-1988.
RFC 1625, IETF, June 1994.

PH97 J. Palme and A. Hopmann.
MIME E-mail Encapsulation of Aggregate Documents, such as HTML (MHTML).
RFC 2110, IETF, March 1997.

PH99 J. Palme and A. Hopmann.
MIME E-mail Encapsulation of Aggregate Documents, such as HTML (MHTML).
RFC 2557, IETF, March 1999. Obsoletes RFC 2110.

Pit99 James E. Pitkow.
Summary of WWW characterizations.
WWW Journal, 2:3--13, 1999.

PK99 J. Padhye and J. Kurose.
An Empirical Study of Client Interactions with a Continuous-Media Courseware Server.
IEEE Internet Computing, April 1999.

PM95 Venkata N. Padmanabhan and Jeffrey C. Mogul.
Improving HTTP Latency.
Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 28(1/2):25--35, December 1995.

PM96 Venkata N. Padmanabhan and Jeffrey C. Mogul.
Using Predictive Prefetching to Improve World Wide Web Latency.
ACM Computer Communication Review, 26(3):22--36, July 1996.

Pol Web Polygraph: Proxy performance benchmark.

Pos81 J. Postel.
Internet Control Message Protocol.
RFC 792, IETF, September 1981.

Pos82 Jonathan B. Postel.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
RFC 821, IETF, August 1982.

Pos94 J. Postel.
Domain Name System Structure and Delegation.
RFC 1591, IETF, March 1994.

PQ00 Venkata Padmanabhan and Lili Qiu.
The Content and Access Dynamics of a Busy Web Site: Findings and Implications.
In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, August/September 2000.

PR85 Jon Postel and Joyce Reynolds.
File Transfer Protocol.
RFC 959, IETF, October 1985.

PR93 J. Postel and J. Reynolds.
Telnet Protocol Specification.
RFC 854, IETF, May 1993.

Rag Raging Search.

RES A Standard for Robot Exclusion.

RF99 K. K. Ramakrishnan and S. Floyd.
A Proposal to Add Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP.
RFC 2481, IETF, January 1999.

RGR97 Aviel Rubin, Daniel Geer, and Marcus Ranum.
Web Security Sourcebook.
John Wiley, 1997. ISBN 047118148X.

Riv92 Ronald Rivest.
The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm.
RFC 1321, IETF, April 1992.

RL93 Yakov Rekhter and Tony Li.
An Architecture for IP Address Allocation with CIDR.
RFC 1518, IETF, September 1993.

RL95 Y. Rekhter and T. Li.
A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4).
RFC 1771, IETF, March 1995.

Roc75 M. Rochkind.
The Source Code Control System (SCCS).
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 1(4):364--370, December 1975.

RSA RSA Security.

Sal95 Peter H. Salus.
Casting the Net: From ARPANET to INTERNET and Beyond.
Addison-Wesley, March 1995. ISBN 0201876744.

SCFJ96 H. Schulzrinne, S. Casner, R. Frederick, and V. Jacobson.
RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications.
RFC 1889, IETF, January 1996.

Sch96 H. Schulzrinne.
RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control.
RFC 1890, IETF, January 1996.

Sec95 IESG Secretary.
WG Action: HyperText Transfer Protocol (http),
January 27, 1995.

Sha86 M. Shapiro.
Structure and encapsulation in distributed systems: The proxy principle.
In Proc. 6th International Conference on Distributed Computer Systems, pages 198--204, 1986.

Sin95 Erik Sink.
HTTP/1.2 stuff: try it out!,
August 1995. HTTP-WG Mailing List Archives.

SJ00 Mike Spreitzer and Bill Janssen.
HTTP Next Generation.
In Proc. World Wide Web Conference, May 2000.

SM94 K. Sollins and L. Masinter.
Functional Requirements for Uniform Resource Names.
RFC 1737, IETF, December 1994.

Smi World Wide Web Consortium, Synchronized Multimedia.

Sol Solidspeed.

Spea SPECweb99 Benchmark.

Speb Speedera.

Spi The search engine watch SpiderSpotting chart.

SR99 Henning Schulzrinne and Jonathan Rosenberg.
The IETF Internet Telephony Architecture and Protocols.
IEEE Network Magazine, 13(3):18--23, May/June 1999.

SR00 M.-T. Sun and A. R. Reibman, editors.
Compressed Video Over Networks.
Marcel Dekker, September 2000. ISBN 0824794230.

SRL98 H. Schulzrinne, A. Rao, and R. Lanphier.
Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP).
RFC 2326, IETF, April 1998.

SRT99 Subhabrata Sen, Jennifer Rexford, and Don Towsley.
Proxy Prefix Caching for Multimedia Streams.
In Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, pages 1310--1319, April 1999.

SSL Netscape Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Version 3.0.

SSL95 Netscape Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Documentation, 1995.

SSR99 H. Schulzrinne, E. Schooler, and J. Rosenberg.
SIP: Session Initiation Protocol.
RFC 2543, IETF, March 1999.

SSV97 Peter Scheuermann, Junho Shim, and Radek Vingralek.
A Case for Delay-Conscious Caching of Web Documents.
In Proc. World Wide Web Conference, April 1997.

St.93 M. St. Johns.
Identification Protocol.
RFC 1413, IETF, February 1993.

Ste94 W. Richard Stevens.
TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols.
Addison-Wesley, January 1994. ISBN 0201633469.

Ste98a Lincoln D. Stein.
Web Security: A Step-by-Step Reference Guide.
Addison-Wesley, October 1998. ISBN 0-201-63489-9.

Ste98b W. Richard Stevens.
UNIX Network Programming, Volume 1: Networking APIs---Sockets and XTI.
Prentice Hall, 1998. ISBN 013490012X.

Ste99 John W. Stewart.
BGP4: Inter-Domain Routing in the Internet.
Addison-Wesley, January 1999. ISBN 0201379511.

Syn98 Synchronized Multimedia Working Group.
Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) 1.0.
Technical Report Recommendation REC-smil-19980615, World Wide Web Consortium, July 1998.

Tcp Tcpdump public repository.

Tha96 Robert Thau.
Design Considerations for the Apache Server API.
In Proc. World Wide Web Conference, May 1996.

Tho96 Stephen A. Thomas.
RTP for Real Time Applications.
In IPng and the TCP/IP Protocols, chapter 11, pages 351--374. John Wiley, January 1996. ISBN 0471130885.

Tic85 Walter F. Tichy.
RCS---A System for version control.
Software: Practice and Experience, 15(7):637--654, July 1985.

Tou97 J. Touch.
TCP Control Block Interdependence.
RFC 2140, IETF, April 1997.

TS95 G. Trent and M. Sake.
WebStone: The First Generation in HTTP Server Benchmarking,
February 1995.

Uni Unitech Networks Ltd---IntelliDNS.

vCCS00 J. van der Merwe, R. Caceres, Y. Chu, and C. J. Sreenan.
mmdump: A Tool for Monitoring Internet Multimedia Traffic.
ACM Computer Communication Review, 30(5):48--59, October 2000.

WAS+96 Stephen Williams, Marc Abrams, Charles R. Standridge, Ghaleb Abdulla, and Edward A. Fox.
Removal Policies in Network Caches for World-Wide Web Documents.
In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, pages 293--305, August 1996.

Wbe Webbench.

WC97a D. Wessels and K. Claffy.
Application of Internet Cache Protocol (ICP), Version 2.
RFC 2187, IETF, September 1997.

WC97b D. Wessels and K. Claffy.
Internet Cache Protocol (ICP), Version 2.
RFC 2186, IETF, September 1997.

WC98 Duane Wessels and K Claffy.
ICP and the Squid Web Cache.
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 16(3):345--357, April 1998.

WCA Web Characterization Repository.

WCC99 Web Cache Coordination Protocol, June 1999.

Weba Welcome to WebDAV Resources.

Webb DAV Frequently Asked Questions.

Webc Web History.

WG-99 HTTP-WG Mailing list archives, 1994-1999.

WM99 Craig E. Wills and Mikhail Mikhailkov.
Towards a Better Understanding of Web Resources and Server Responses for Improved Caching.
In Proc. World Wide Web Conference, May 1999.

WMB99 Ian H. Witten, Alistair Moffat, and Timothy C. Bell.
Managing Gigabytes.
Morgan Kaufmann, second edition, May 1999. ISBN 1-55860-570-3.

WTSW97 Walter Willinger, Murad S. Taqqu, Robert Sherman, and Daniel W. Wilson.
Self-Similarity Through High Variability: Statistical Analysis of Ethernet LAN Traffic at the Source Level.
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 5(1), February 1997.

You94 N. Young.
The k-server dual and loose competitiveness for paging.
Algorithmica, 11(6):525--541, June 1994.

Zip49 G. K. Zipf.
Human Behavior and the Principle of Least-Effort.
Addison-Wesley, 1949.